تحلیل عوامل موثر بر فرآیند تصمیم گیری در پذیرش کارآفرینی در بین زنان روستایی (مطالعه موردی: دهستان سولقان)

محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای

فضیله دادور (خانی) ¹ ( استاد گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران )
سمیه سادات موسوی ² ( دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران )

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/04/14 تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/03/26 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/01/01

کلید واژه: جنسیت, کارآفرینی, زنان روستایی, تصمیم گیری, نظریۀ پخش فضایی, روستاهای کن و سولقان,

چکیده مقاله :

در محیط های روستایی علاوه بر این که از نیروی کار زنان در زمینه های اقتصادی و کشاورزی بهره می گیرند، نقش تصمیم گیری و تصمیم سازی آن ها می تواند عاملی بسیار مهم در حل مسائل مختلف اقتصادی و اجتماعی باشد؛ چراکه مشارکت زنان روستایی در تصمیم گیری ها به عنوان فرایندی فعال در مسیر توسعۀ روستایی از اهمیتی قابل توجه برخوردار است. پژوهش حاضر نیز با هدف تحلیل عوامل موثر بر تصمیم گیری زنان از لحاظ ماهیت توصیفی- تحلیلی و از نظر هدف کاربردی می باشد. جامعه آماری آن را پذیرندگان کارآفرینی و نوآوری (پرورش و فروش نهال و گل و متعلقات مربوطه)، ساکن در 4 روستا از دهستان سولقان (کشارعلیا، کشارسفلی، سولقان، کن)، که تعداد آن ها بالغ بر 82 خانوار یا به عبارتی 82 مرد پذیرنده و زنان آن ها (در کل 164 نفر) می باشد، تشکیل می دهد. داده ها به دو صورت میدانی و کتابخانه ای با ابزارهایی چون: پرسشنامه، مصاحبه، کتب و مقالات گوناگون، جمع آوری شده اند و جهت تعیین پایایی و روایی ابزار مورد استفاده از روش آلفای کرونباخ (799/0) (با مطالعه 20 نمونه) و روش اعتبار محتوا و قضاوت داوران و متخصصین استفاده شد. داده های به دست آمده با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS و آزمون تحلیل عاملی، کلموگروف- اسمیرنوف و رگرسیون، مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته اند. نتایج تحقیق حاکی از آن است که؛ از نظر مردان عوامل اجتماعی- خانوادگی و شخصیتی در وهله اول بیش ترین تاثیر را بر فرایند تصمیم گیری زنان و همچنین سرعت انتخاب آنان دارند و در درجه بعدی عوامل اقتصادی نقش تعیین کننده ای در این فرایند و پذیرش نوآوری توسط آنان دارا می باشد. و از نظر زنان به ترتیب عوامل اقتصادی، اجتماعی- خانوادگی و شخصیتی، بر فرایند تصمیم گیری آن ها نسبت به پذیرش کارآفرینی، موثرند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The aim of this empirical research is to analyze the factors influencing women's decision- making regarding adopting the entrepreneurship. In another word it evaluates the main factors which are effecting on extension of innovation adoption finalizing the adoption of entrepreneurship between rural women. The research concentrated on research in villages such as of Kan district that have considerable amount of entrepreneurs. The data has been collected by questionnaire on the base of Likert model and the documentary method as well, interviews . All entrepreneurs' women in the research area have been chosen, so no random selection is used. The statistical population of the research is the entrepreneurs family who growing and selling plants and flowers and living in 4 villages of the souleghan district.The research statistical population is 2,713 people, which include 667 households in the study area. All recipients of entrepreneurship and innovation that living in the 4 villages of Kan- souleghan are included in the sample population of the research ,that they are about 82 men and their wives.The data has been collected through the field work and library- base .they have been collected by questionnaires, interviews, books and various methods. The results shows that the family and social factors and personality of respondents have a greatest impact on the decision-making process of women in accepting an entrepreneurship, as well as their speed to make a decision. Finally, in the next step economic factors play a considerable role in this process and to their acceptance of an innovation.

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