بررسی حس تعلق در پهنه‌های تاریخی با تأکید بر متغییرهایی کالبدی و محیطی (مطالعه موردی: پهنه‌های ارگ-گنجعلیخان، مظفری و قلعه محمود شهر کرمان)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای
1 - استادیار گروه شهرسازی دانشکده هنر و معماری دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران
2 - عضو علمی گروه شهرسازی دانشکده هنر و معماری دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران
کلید واژه: رضایتمندی, معادلات ساختاری, حس تعلق, متغیرهای کالبدی و محیطی, پهنه‌های تاریخی کرمان,
چکیده مقاله :
امروزه مفهوم مکان و حس مکان یکی از مهم‌ترین مسائل پیشِ روی شهرسازی معاصر است. درگذشته شهرها از توانایی بالایی برای برقراری تعامل بین انسان و فضا برخوردار بودند؛ اما امروزه در بیشتر بافت‌های تاریخی باوجود پتانسیل‌های بسیار، کیفیت نامطلوبمحیطی و کالبدی، سبب ضعیف شدنپیوندهایاجتماعیبینساکنینمی‌شودکهاین امرزمینه‌ساز کاهش ارتباطاتپایدار، عدم مشارکت، کاهشحس تعلقوزوال تدریجیاین بافت‌ها می‌گردد.این مسئله،نگارندگانرابر آنداشت تا بهتبیینارتباطبین معیارهایکیفیتمحیط(محیطی و کالبدی)برحس تعلقدر پهنه‌های تاریخی شهر کرمان بپردازند. روش پژوهش ازنظر هدف کاربردی- توسعه‌ای و ازنظر ماهیت، توصیفی و علی تطبیقی می‌باشد. ابزار مورداستفاده جهت جمع‌آوری اطلاعات پرسش نامه بوده و اطلاعات در نمونه‌ای به حجم 374 نفر مورد تحلیل قرارگرفت. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داد که رابطه مستقیم و معناداری بین متغیرهای کالبدی با حس تعلق و رابطه معکوس و معناداری بین متغیرهای محیطی و حس تعلق وجود دارد. در رابطه بین مؤلفه‌های متغیرهای کالبدی و حس تعلق در پهنه ارگ-گنجعلیخان و مظفری بیشترین تأثیر را بر حس تعلق مؤلفه بناها و فضاها و در پهنه قلعه محمود بیشترین تأثیر را مؤلفه دسترسی، داشته‌است. در رابطه بین مؤلفه‌های متغیرهای محیطی و حس تعلق در تمام پهنه‌ها آلودگی‌های صوتی بیشترین تأثیر را بر حس تعلق داشته است. نتایج مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری نیز نشان می‌دهد که با بهبود وضعیت متغیرهای محیطی و متغیرهای کالبدی، وضعیت حس تعلق در پهنه‌های موردبررسی نیز بهبود می‌یابد. بااین‌حال تأثیر متغیرهای محیطی بر حس تعلق بیشتر از متغیرهای کالبدی است.
Nowadays the concept sense of place is one of the important issues that the contemporary urban development is facing with. In the past cities used to have the high potential of providing interaction between man and space; but today despite of high potentials in most of historic areas, undesirable environmental and physical quality causes weakening of social ties among the inhabitants, lower sense of belonging and gradual decline of these areas. This issue motivated the authors to clarify the relationship between criteria of environment’s quality (environmental and physical) on sense of belonging in historic neighborhoods of the city of Kerman. Questionnaire was the main data collection method, and 374 questionnaires were distributed and analyzed. The results show a direct and meaningful relationship between the physical variables and sense of belonging but reverse and meaningful relationship between environmental variables and sense of belonging. In attention to components of physical variables and sense of belonging, in Arg-Ganjalikhan and Mozafari areas buildings and spaces has the highest effect over sense of belonging. However, in GhalehMahmood area it was accessibility. Regarding the components environmental variables and sense of belonging, it is notable that sound pollutions in Arg-Ganjalikhan, Mozafari and GhalehMahmood areas has the highest influence on the sense of belonging. The results of structural equations modeling also demonstrate that improving the condition of environmental and physical variables can improve the condition of sense of belonging as well. However, the influence of environmental variables on the sense of belonging was higher comparing to physical ones.
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