مروری بر مفهوم شهرخلاق با تأکید بر سنجش وضعیت خلاقیت شهری (نمونه موردی: مناطق 3 گانه قزوین)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری و منطقه ای
خضر شمسی
1
(دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، واحد سمنان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سمنان، ایران)
زینب کرکه آبادی
2
(دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، واحد سمنان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سمنان، ایران)
سعید کامیابی
3
(استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، واحد سمنان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سمنان، ایران)
کلید واژه: شاخص, مدل‌های کمی, شهر قزوین, فضاهای باز و جمعی, شهرخلاق,
چکیده مقاله :
ریچارد فلوریدا نظریه‌پرداز شهرخلاق معتقد است شهرها ظرف بروز خلاقیت بوده و همیشه چرخ‌های حرکت، تمرکز و هدایت انرژی خلاق بشر بوده‌اند؛ بنابراین پژوهش حاضر سعی بر آن داشته که بـا اسـتفاده از روش توصیفی- تحلیلی وضعیت خلاقیت شهر قزوین را موردسنجش قرار دهد، که جهت انجام آن با بهره‌گیری از داده‌های ثانویه و تهیه پرسش نامه از شهروندان به جمع‌آوری اطلاعات پرداخته و در امتداد آن با استفاده از مدل‌های Topsis، AHP و نرم‌افزارSPSSسعی شده است شاخص‌های شهرخلاق را در مناطق3 گانه شهر قزوین با سه فرضیه مـوردتحلیل قرار گیرد. در آخر فرضیه سوم، مبنی بر اینکه شهر قزوین طی چند سال گذشته به سمت انطباق بیشتر با معیارهای شهرخلاق حرکت نموده است. با استفاده از نتایج به‌دست‌آمده توسط تکنیک تاپسیس معنی‌داری فرضیه سوم رد گردید. درنهایت از 3 فرضیه مطرح‌شده 2 فرضیه تأیید و 1 فرضیه رد شد. بنابراین می‌توان گفت: شهر قزوین پتانسیل لازم جهت حرکت به سمت شهرخلاق را داراست هرچند که این روند از سال 1392 دچار رکود گشته است اما با توجه به ظرفیت‌های خلاقیت شهر قزوین، پیشنهاد می‌گردد که؛ نسبت به تقویت زمینه‌ای که اقبال جهانی بیشتر در آن وجود دارد اقدام گردد.
Richard Florida- a theorist in the field of creative city- believes, the cities are modern containers of creativity and have always been driving wheels for motivating, concentrating and directing human creative energy. Hence, this study aimed to measure the "Creativity Level of Qazvin City" in Iran by using a descriptive-analytical method. To this end, secondary data and questionnaires were used to collect information from the citizens. Then, the TOPSIS and AHP models and SPSS software were employed to analyze the creative city indices for Qazvin's triple region through adopting three hypotheses. Finally, of thee hypotheses, two hypotheses were confirmed and one hypothesis was rejected. Therefore, it can be said that Qazvin city has the required potential to move towards the creative city, although this trend has been slipping since 2013, but with regard to the creativity capacity of Qazvin, it is suggested that, field strengthening should be taken action which has a greater global luck.
AkbariMotlagh, M. (2013). Creative aspects of the theory and its impact on sustainable urban development with an emphasis on international experiences. National Conference on sustainable architecture and urban development, enterprise structures desert, Bukan, Iran. (In Persian)
Andersson, Å. E., & Andersson, D. E. (2015). Creative Cities and the New Global Hierarchy. Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy, 8 (3), 1-18.
Ashtary, H., Mahdnzhad, H. (2012). Creative class and creative city "to order the Department of Social and Cultural Studies in Tehran. Tissa Publications, Tehran. Iran. (In Persian)
Bandarin, F. (2012). Series on Urban Creativity Forum. City, Culture and Society, 3 (4), 327-328.
Bloury, M. (2013). The role of new media in the city's creative approach. First National Conference of creative ideas and challenges in Iran, Qeshm, Iran. (In Persian)
Catungal, J. P., & Leslie, D. (2009). Contesting the creative city: race, nation, multiculturalism. Geoforum, 40 (5), 701-704.
Clark, T. N. (2004). Urban amenities: lakes, opera, and juice bars: do they drive development? Clark, Terry Nichols (2004) The city as an entertainment machine. research and urban policy,9, 103-140.
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1997). Flow and the Psychology of Discovery and Invention. HarperPerennial, New York.
Currid, E. (2006). New York as a global creative hub: A competitive analysis of four theories on world cities. Economic Development Quarterly,20 (4), 330-350.
Dahlman, C. T., Renwick, W. H., & Bergman, E. (2013). Introduction to Geography: People, Places & Environment: Prentice Hall.
Donovan, P. J., & Batabyal, A. A. (2015). On economic growth and investment income taxation in a creative region. International Review of Economics & Finance,38, 67-72.
Duxbury, N. (2010). Creative cities in Canada. Translator: Farzinpak, Sh. Municipal educational research journal, 100, 76- 83. (In Persian)
Faggian, A., Comunian, R., & Li, Q. C. (2014). Interregional migration of human creative capital: The case of Bohemian graduates. Geoforum,55, 33-42.
GhafeleMobarakeh, P. (2013). Etymology and terminology creativity. First National Conference on Shhrkhlaq: ideas and challenges in Iran, Qeshm, Iran. (In Persian)
Ghorbani, R., Hossein-Abadi, S., & Turani, A. (2013). Creative cities, cultural approach in urban development.Arid regions Geographic Studies, 3 (11), 1-18. (In Persian)
Grimm, N. B., Faeth, S. H., Golubiewski, N. E., Redman, C. L., Wu, J., Bai, X., & Briggs, J. M. (2008). Global change and the ecology of cities. science,319 (5864), 756-760.
Ibrahimi, M. (2008). Creative City Summit: Implications - policies, case studies of successful and unsuccessful cities. Tehran Urban Planning Center, July, Tehran: Niavaran Community center. (In Persian)
Jakob, D. (2010). Constructing the creative neighborhood: Hopes and limitations of creative city policies in Berlin. City, Culture and Society,1(4), 193-198.
Javid, M.H., Hosianpour, S.H., & AkbariMotlagh, M. (2012). Creative city strategic planning. Tehran:Tahan Publications. (In Persian)
Kagan, S., & Hahn, J. (2011). Creative cities and (un) sustainability: from creative class to sustainable creative cities. Culture and Local Governance,3 (1), 11-27.
Kalantry, B., YariQuli, V., & Rahmati, A. (2012). Public space and creative city. Journal of perspective, 19, 74-78. (In Persian)
Khosravy, N. (2010). Creative thinking, creative city. Monthly municipalities (monthly planning and urban management). 11 (100), 113 114. (In Persian)
Khosropour, S., Garmsiri, M. (2012). Space creative foresight and the next window. Third Executive Management Conference, the conference hall of the National Library, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
Landry, C., & Bianchini, F. (1995). The creative city. Vol. 12, Demos.
Li, S. (2005). High tech spatial concentration human capital, agglomeration economies, location theories and creative cities. University of Louisville.
Markusen, A. (2006). Cultural planning and the creative city. Paper presented at the annual American Collegiate Schools of Planning meetings, Ft. Worth, TX.
Meshkiny, A., Mahdnzhad, H., Parhiz, F., & Khazaei, N. (2013). Role of City Theory creative in the dynamics of economic, cultural and urban life, the first National Conference of creative ideas and challenges in Iran, Qeshm. Iran. (In Persian)
Meshkiny, A., Qaydrhmty, S., & Asgari, A.R. (2014). Comparative evaluation indicators in the metropolitan creative in Iran: A Case Study in Tehran and Isfahan. First National Conference of creative and sustainable development. Index Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran. (In Persian)
Mokhtari, M. R., Saghaei, M., & Iman, F. (2014). Classification Of fifteen Regions in Isfahan city based on the creative city indicator using models in regional planning. Research and Urban Planning Magazine, 5 (16), 105-120. (In Persian)
Pareja-Eastaway, M., & Pradel i Miquel, M. (2014). Towards the Creative and Knowledge Economies: Analysing Diverse Pathways in Spanish Cities. European Planning Studies(ahead-of-print), 1-19.
Qazvin Culture office. (2015). Statistics and information unit. Qazvin, Iran. (In Persian)
Rafihyyan, M. (2010). Introduction to creative regions and cities. Monthly municipalities (monthly planning and urban management). 11 (100), 12- 15. (In Persian)
Rahimi, M; Mardali, M. and Daha, I. (2013). Creative City: theoretical principles and indicators. City knowledge journal. Center of Tehran Urban Planning, 196, August. (In Persian)
Ratiu, D. E. (2013). Creative cities and/or sustainable cities: Discourses and Practices. City, Culture and Society,4 (3), 125-135.
Richards, G., & Wilson, J. (2006). Developing creativity in tourist experiences: A solution to the serial reproduction of culture? Tourism management,27 (6), 1209-1223.
Rosi, M. (2014). Branding or sharing?: The dialectics of labeling and cooperation in the UNESCO Creative Cities Network. City, Culture and Society,5 (2), 107-110.
Sahidi, H. (2010). Creative City: An Interview with Bijan Kalhornia, Farhad Karimany and Hamed KamilNia. Publication municipalities, 11 (100). (In Persian)
Sasajima, H. (2013). From red light district to art district: Creative city projects in Yokohama’s Kogane-cho neighborhood. Cities,33, 77-85.
Suciu, M.-C. (2009). Creative Economy and Creative Cities. Romanian Journal of Regional scinence,3 (1), 82-91.
Vanolo, A. (2015). The Fordist city and the creative city: Evolution and resilience in Turin, Italy. City, Culture and Society, 6 (3), 69-74.
Ye, S. (2012). Research on Urban road traffic congestion charging based on sustainable development. Physics Procedia,24, 1567-1572.
Zheng, J., & Chan, R. (2014). The impact of ‘creative industry clusters’ on cultural and creative industry development in Shanghai. City, Culture and Society,5 (1), 9-22.
_||_AkbariMotlagh, M. (2013). Creative aspects of the theory and its impact on sustainable urban development with an emphasis on international experiences. National Conference on sustainable architecture and urban development, enterprise structures desert, Bukan, Iran. (In Persian)
Andersson, Å. E., & Andersson, D. E. (2015). Creative Cities and the New Global Hierarchy. Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy, 8 (3), 1-18.
Ashtary, H., Mahdnzhad, H. (2012). Creative class and creative city "to order the Department of Social and Cultural Studies in Tehran. Tissa Publications, Tehran. Iran. (In Persian)
Bandarin, F. (2012). Series on Urban Creativity Forum. City, Culture and Society, 3 (4), 327-328.
Bloury, M. (2013). The role of new media in the city's creative approach. First National Conference of creative ideas and challenges in Iran, Qeshm, Iran. (In Persian)
Catungal, J. P., & Leslie, D. (2009). Contesting the creative city: race, nation, multiculturalism. Geoforum, 40 (5), 701-704.
Clark, T. N. (2004). Urban amenities: lakes, opera, and juice bars: do they drive development? Clark, Terry Nichols (2004) The city as an entertainment machine. research and urban policy,9, 103-140.
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1997). Flow and the Psychology of Discovery and Invention. HarperPerennial, New York.
Currid, E. (2006). New York as a global creative hub: A competitive analysis of four theories on world cities. Economic Development Quarterly,20 (4), 330-350.
Dahlman, C. T., Renwick, W. H., & Bergman, E. (2013). Introduction to Geography: People, Places & Environment: Prentice Hall.
Donovan, P. J., & Batabyal, A. A. (2015). On economic growth and investment income taxation in a creative region. International Review of Economics & Finance,38, 67-72.
Duxbury, N. (2010). Creative cities in Canada. Translator: Farzinpak, Sh. Municipal educational research journal, 100, 76- 83. (In Persian)
Faggian, A., Comunian, R., & Li, Q. C. (2014). Interregional migration of human creative capital: The case of Bohemian graduates. Geoforum,55, 33-42.
GhafeleMobarakeh, P. (2013). Etymology and terminology creativity. First National Conference on Shhrkhlaq: ideas and challenges in Iran, Qeshm, Iran. (In Persian)
Ghorbani, R., Hossein-Abadi, S., & Turani, A. (2013). Creative cities, cultural approach in urban development.Arid regions Geographic Studies, 3 (11), 1-18. (In Persian)
Grimm, N. B., Faeth, S. H., Golubiewski, N. E., Redman, C. L., Wu, J., Bai, X., & Briggs, J. M. (2008). Global change and the ecology of cities. science,319 (5864), 756-760.
Ibrahimi, M. (2008). Creative City Summit: Implications - policies, case studies of successful and unsuccessful cities. Tehran Urban Planning Center, July, Tehran: Niavaran Community center. (In Persian)
Jakob, D. (2010). Constructing the creative neighborhood: Hopes and limitations of creative city policies in Berlin. City, Culture and Society,1(4), 193-198.
Javid, M.H., Hosianpour, S.H., & AkbariMotlagh, M. (2012). Creative city strategic planning. Tehran:Tahan Publications. (In Persian)
Kagan, S., & Hahn, J. (2011). Creative cities and (un) sustainability: from creative class to sustainable creative cities. Culture and Local Governance,3 (1), 11-27.
Kalantry, B., YariQuli, V., & Rahmati, A. (2012). Public space and creative city. Journal of perspective, 19, 74-78. (In Persian)
Khosravy, N. (2010). Creative thinking, creative city. Monthly municipalities (monthly planning and urban management). 11 (100), 113 114. (In Persian)
Khosropour, S., Garmsiri, M. (2012). Space creative foresight and the next window. Third Executive Management Conference, the conference hall of the National Library, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
Landry, C., & Bianchini, F. (1995). The creative city. Vol. 12, Demos.
Li, S. (2005). High tech spatial concentration human capital, agglomeration economies, location theories and creative cities. University of Louisville.
Markusen, A. (2006). Cultural planning and the creative city. Paper presented at the annual American Collegiate Schools of Planning meetings, Ft. Worth, TX.
Meshkiny, A., Mahdnzhad, H., Parhiz, F., & Khazaei, N. (2013). Role of City Theory creative in the dynamics of economic, cultural and urban life, the first National Conference of creative ideas and challenges in Iran, Qeshm. Iran. (In Persian)
Meshkiny, A., Qaydrhmty, S., & Asgari, A.R. (2014). Comparative evaluation indicators in the metropolitan creative in Iran: A Case Study in Tehran and Isfahan. First National Conference of creative and sustainable development. Index Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran. (In Persian)
Mokhtari, M. R., Saghaei, M., & Iman, F. (2014). Classification Of fifteen Regions in Isfahan city based on the creative city indicator using models in regional planning. Research and Urban Planning Magazine, 5 (16), 105-120. (In Persian)
Pareja-Eastaway, M., & Pradel i Miquel, M. (2014). Towards the Creative and Knowledge Economies: Analysing Diverse Pathways in Spanish Cities. European Planning Studies(ahead-of-print), 1-19.
Qazvin Culture office. (2015). Statistics and information unit. Qazvin, Iran. (In Persian)
Rafihyyan, M. (2010). Introduction to creative regions and cities. Monthly municipalities (monthly planning and urban management). 11 (100), 12- 15. (In Persian)
Rahimi, M; Mardali, M. and Daha, I. (2013). Creative City: theoretical principles and indicators. City knowledge journal. Center of Tehran Urban Planning, 196, August. (In Persian)
Ratiu, D. E. (2013). Creative cities and/or sustainable cities: Discourses and Practices. City, Culture and Society,4 (3), 125-135.
Richards, G., & Wilson, J. (2006). Developing creativity in tourist experiences: A solution to the serial reproduction of culture? Tourism management,27 (6), 1209-1223.
Rosi, M. (2014). Branding or sharing?: The dialectics of labeling and cooperation in the UNESCO Creative Cities Network. City, Culture and Society,5 (2), 107-110.
Sahidi, H. (2010). Creative City: An Interview with Bijan Kalhornia, Farhad Karimany and Hamed KamilNia. Publication municipalities, 11 (100). (In Persian)
Sasajima, H. (2013). From red light district to art district: Creative city projects in Yokohama’s Kogane-cho neighborhood. Cities,33, 77-85.
Suciu, M.-C. (2009). Creative Economy and Creative Cities. Romanian Journal of Regional scinence,3 (1), 82-91.
Vanolo, A. (2015). The Fordist city and the creative city: Evolution and resilience in Turin, Italy. City, Culture and Society, 6 (3), 69-74.
Ye, S. (2012). Research on Urban road traffic congestion charging based on sustainable development. Physics Procedia,24, 1567-1572.
Zheng, J., & Chan, R. (2014). The impact of ‘creative industry clusters’ on cultural and creative industry development in Shanghai. City, Culture and Society,5 (1), 9-22.
