Effect of chitosan on antioxidant enzyme activity, proline, and malondialdehyde content in Triticum aestivum L. and Zea maize L. under salt stress condition
محورهای موضوعی : Phytochemistry
Lida Shams Peykani
1
,
Mozhgan Farzami Fepehr
2
1 - Department of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Saveh Branch, Saveh, Iran
2 - Department of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Saveh Branch, Saveh, Iran
کلید واژه: Maize, growth, Salinity, Wheat, Proline, Malondialdehyde, Chitosan, Antioxidant enzymes,
چکیده مقاله :
Triticum aestivum L. and Zea maize L. are both sensitive to salinity stress which is a major problem faced by farmers today. In the present study, the effect of chitosan, a biologic elicitor under salinity stress was examined on growth parameters and biochemical markers in maize and wheat seedlings. Seeds of wheat and maize plants were coated with chitosan 25%, 50%, and 75% solutions before they were planted and subjected to 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM salinity stress under a 11/8 h photoperiod and at 25±2 °C temperature condition during 7 days. Then, the growth parameters including germination percentage, root and shoot growth as well as seedling weight were recorded. The biochemical markers including catalase and peroxidase activity and malondialdehyde, proline, and protein contents were measured at day seven of the experiment. Significant difference in relation with growth parameters was observed at high concentrations of chitosan in comparison with the control plants under salt stress. Catalase and peroxidase activity and protein content increased under salinity stress and chitosan at high concentration reduced catalase and peroxidase activity. Salinity stress induced lipid peroxidation and malondialdehyde accumulation while chitosan reduced malondialdehyde content of the plants under salinity stress. The synthesis of protein was significantly increased with increasing the chitosan concentration. Generally, the growth parameters of both seedlings were improved and unfavorable effects of salinity were reduced when the seeds were coated with chitosan. Application of chitosan at low concentrations increased antioxidant enzyme activity and proline content and decreased MDA accumulation. In conclusion, chitosan at an appropriate dose improved growth performance and biochemical marker fluctuation under salinity stress.
Triticum aestivum L. and Zea maize L. are both sensitive to salinity stress which is a major problem faced by farmers today. In the present study, the effect of chitosan, a biologic elicitor under salinity stress was examined on growth parameters and biochemical markers in maize and wheat seedlings. Seeds of wheat and maize plants were coated with chitosan 25%, 50%, and 75% solutions before they were planted and subjected to 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM salinity stress under a 11/8 h photoperiod and at 25±2 °C temperature condition during 7 days. Then, the growth parameters including germination percentage, root and shoot growth as well as seedling weight were recorded. The biochemical markers including catalase and peroxidase activity and malondialdehyde, proline, and protein contents were measured at day seven of the experiment. Significant difference in relation with growth parameters was observed at high concentrations of chitosan in comparison with the control plants under salt stress. Catalase and peroxidase activity and protein content increased under salinity stress and chitosan at high concentration reduced catalase and peroxidase activity. Salinity stress induced lipid peroxidation and malondialdehyde accumulation while chitosan reduced malondialdehyde content of the plants under salinity stress. The synthesis of protein was significantly increased with increasing the chitosan concentration. Generally, the growth parameters of both seedlings were improved and unfavorable effects of salinity were reduced when the seeds were coated with chitosan. Application of chitosan at low concentrations increased antioxidant enzyme activity and proline content and decreased MDA accumulation. In conclusion, chitosan at an appropriate dose improved growth performance and biochemical marker fluctuation under salinity stress.
Aebi, H. 1984.Catalase. In: Packer, L. ed. Methods in enzymol. Academic press, Orlando., 105: 121-126.
Bhaskara MV, J. Arul, P. Angers and L. Couture. 1999. 'Chitosan treatment of wheat seeds induces resistance to Fusarium graminearum and improves seed quality'. J Agric Food Chem. 47(3):1208-1216.
Bandeoglu E. ,F. Eyidogan, M. Yucel and H. A. Oktem. 2004. 'Antioxidant response of shoots and roots of lentil to NaCl Salinity stress. Plant Growth Regul, 42 (1): 69-77.
Bates L.S., R. P. Waldren and I. D. Teare. 1973. 'Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies'. Plant and Soil, 39 (1): 205-207.
Bautista-Baños, S., A. N. Hernández-Lauzardo and M. G.Velázquez-del Valle.2006. 'Chitosan as a potential natural compound to control pre and postharvest diseases of horticultural commodities'. Crop Protection. 25: 108-118.
Bernstein, N.,W. K. Silk and A. L. Lauchli. 1993. 'Growth and development of sorghum leaves under conditions of NaCl stress'. Planta, 191 (4):433-439.
Bohnert, H.J., D. E. Nelson and R. G. Jensen. 1995. 'Adaptation to environmental stresses'. The Plant Cell, 7: 1099–1111.
Boonlertnirun S, C. Boonraung and R. Suvanasara .2008. Application of chitosan in rice production. JOM-J Min. Met. Mat. S. 18: 47-52.
Cuero R.G., G. Osuji and A. Washington. 1991. 'N-carboxymethyl chitosan inhibition of aflatoxin production: role of zinc'. Biotechnology letters, 13 (6): 441-444.
Foyer, C. H. and B. Halliwell. 1976. 'The presence of glutathione and glutathione reductase in chloroplast: a proposed role in ascorbic acid metabolism'. Planta ,133: 21-25.
Guan YJ, J. Hu, X. J. Wang and C. X. Shao. 2009. 'Seed priming with chitosan improves maize germination and seedling growth in relation to physiological changes under low temperature stress'. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B., 10: 427-433.
Hasanuzzaman M., K. Nahar and M. Fujita. 2013. 'Plant response to salt stress and role of exogenous protectants to mitigate salt-induced damages'. In: P. Ahmad et al. (eds.), Ecophysiology and Responses of Plants under Salt Stress, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-4747-4_2, © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
Jabeen, N. and R. Ahmad. 2013. 'The activity of antioxidant enzymes in response to salt stress in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seedlings raised from seed treated with chitosan'. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 93( 7): 1699-1705.
Jiang, L., L. Duan, X. Tian, B. Wang, H. Zhang, M. Zhang and Z. Li. 2006. 'NaCl salinity stress decreased Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) protein content of transgenic Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings'. Enviromental and Experimental Botany, 55 (3): 315-320.
Jin, J., Sh. Ningwei., B. Jinhe and G. Junping. 2006. 'Regulation of ascorbate peroxidase at the transcript level is involved in tolerance to postharvest water deficit stress in the cut Rose (Rose hybrida L.)'. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 40 (3): 236-243.
Kaya C.,O. Sonmeza, S. Aydemira, M. Ashraf and M. Dikilita. 2013. 'Exogenous application of mannitol and thiourea regulates plant growth and oxidative stress responses in salt-stressed maize (Zea mays L.)'. Journal of Plant Interactions, 8 (3): 234-241.
Kim, H. J. 2005. 'Characterization of bioactive compounds in essential oils, fermented anchovy sauce, and edible plants, and, induction of phytochemicals from edible plants using methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and chitosan'. Archived Dissertations. 728.https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/arv_dissertations/728.
Konuşkan Ö., H. Gözübenli , I. Atiş and M. Atak. 2017.' Effects of salinity stress on emergence and seedling growth parameters of some maize genotypes (Zea mays L.)'. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 5(12): 1668-1672.
Lee, Y. S., Y. H. Kim and S. B. Kim. 2005. 'Changes in the respiration, growth, and vitamin C content of soybean sprouts in response to chitosan of different molecular weights'. Horticulture Science, 40: 1333-1335.
Ma, L., Y. Li, C. Yu, Y. Wang, X. Li, N.Li, Q. Chen and N. Bu. 2012. 'Alleviation of exogenous oligochitosan on wheat seedlings growth under salt stress'. Protoplasma, 249: 393-399.
Liu, J., S. Tian, X. Meng and Y. Xu. 2007. 'Effects of chitosan on control of postharvest diseases and physiological responses of tomato fruit'. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 44: 300-306.
Lizárraga-Paulín E. G., I. Torres-Pacheco, E. Moreno-Martínez and S. Patricia Miranda. 2011. 'Chitosan application in maize (Zea mays) to counteract the effects of abiotic stress at seedling level'. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(34): 6439-6446.
Mahdavi, B. S. A. M. Modarres Sanavy, M. Aghaalikhani and M. Sharifi. 2011. 'Chitosan improves osmotic potential tolerance in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seedlings. Journal of Crop Improvement, 25(6): 728-741.
Mandal, S. 2010.' Induction of phenolics, lignin and key defense enzymes in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) roots in response to elicitors'. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9: 8038-8047.
Ortega-Ortiz H, A. Benavides-Mendoza,R. Mendoza-Villarreal,H. RamírezRodríguez and K.D.A. Romenus KDA .2007.' Enzymatic activity in tomato fruits as a response to chemical elicitors'. J. Mex. Chem. Soc. 51: 141-144.
Ohkawa, H., N. Ohishi and Y. Yagi. 1979. 'Assay of lipid peroxides in tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction'. Ann. Biochem., 5: 51-358.
Ruan S.L. and Q. Z. Xue. 2002. 'Effects of chitosan coating on seed germination and salt tolerance of seedlings in hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.)'. Acta Agron. Sinica. 28: 803-808.
Patel, P. R.,S. S. Kajal, S. S., Patel, V. R., Patel and Khristi S. M. 2010.' Impact of salt stress on nutrient uptake and growth of cowpea'. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 22 (1): 43-48.
Quartacci M. F., C. Pinzino, C. L. M. Sgherri, F. D. Vecchia and F. Navari Izzo. 2000. 'In excess copper induce changes in lipid composition and fluding of psll enriched membranes in wheat'. Physiologia Plantarum, 108 (1): 87-93.
Tsugita T,K. Takahashi, T. Muraoka and H. Fukui . 1993. 'The application of chitin/chitosan for agriculture'. 7th Symposium on Chitin and Chitosan, Fukui, Japan, pp 21-22 (in Japanese)
Uthairatanakij, A., J. A. Teixeira da Silva and K. Obsuwan. 2007. 'Chitosan for improving orchid production and quality'.Orchid Science and Biotechnology ,1: 1-5.
Wanichpongpan, P., K. Suriyachan and S. Chandrkrachang. 2001. 'Effect of Chitosan on the growth of Gerbera flower plant (Gerbera jamesonii)'. P. 198-201. In: T. Uragami et al. (ed.) Chitin and Chitosan in Life Science. Yamaguchi. Japan.
Shtereva L. A., R. D. Vassilevska -Ivanova and T. V. Karceva. 2015. 'Effect of salt stress on some sweet corn (Zea mays L. var saccharata) genotypes'. Arch. Biol. Sci., Belgrade. 67(3):993-1000.
Sui, X Y, W. Q. Zhang W. Xia and Q. Wang. 2002. 'Effect of chitosan as seed coating on seed germination and seedling growth and several physiological and biochemical indexes in rapeseed'.Plant Physiology Communications, 38: 225-227.
Zayed M. M., S. H. Elkafafi, A. M. G. Zedan and S. F. M. Dawoud. 2017. 'Effect of nano chitosan on growth, physiological and biochemical parameters of Phaseolus vulgaris under salt stress'. Journal of Plant Production, 8 (5): 577-585.
Zhao, J., L. C. Davis and R. Verpoorte. 2005. 'Elicitor signal transduction leading to production of plant secondary metabolites'. Biotechnology Advance, 23 (4): 283-333.
