Effects of sodium Nitroprussid and Calcium silicate on the physiological and biochemical parameters of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under cadmium stress
محورهای موضوعی : Plant Physiology
1 - Department of Biology, Qaemshahr branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran.
کلید واژه: antioxidant enzyme, Cadmium, Chlorophyll, Wheat, Enzyme activity,
چکیده مقاله :
Cadmium is a heavy metal with high toxicity that causes to oxidative stress in the plants and animals.The heavy metal stress tolerance in the plants with increasing content of reactiveoxygen species (ROS)require to use antioxidative pathways. Hydroponic experiments were performed with thirteen treatments consisting of a control (neither CdSO4 nor ameliorative factor CaSiO3 and SNP), CdSO4 at 25, 50, 75 and l00 µM concentrations without or with 1.5 mM ameliorative factor SNP or CaSiO3. The desired samples of leaves from 60-days-old plant used for determination activities of ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidas enzymes and content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyllb, totalchlorophyll, carotenoids, MDA, and proline. The obtained results were indicated that Cadmium decreased chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids contents significantly and ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activities which were increased specially by adding CaSiO3. However, polyphenol oxidase activity increased under Cd stress significantly, which increased with adding ameliorative factor,CaSiO3.The MDA and proline content increased under Cd stress significantly, which decreased by adding ameliorative factors especially CaSiO3. It can be concluding that silicate effects that enhanced the Cd tolerance in Triticum aestivum L. is attribute to the silicate ameliorative effects–suppressed CdSO4 uptake and root to shoot CdSO4 transport. In addition, the silicate ameliorative effects are enhanced the antioxidant defenseactivity.
Alengebawy, A., S. T. Abdelkhalek, S. R. Qureshi and M.-Q. Wang. 2021. Heavy metals and pesticides toxicity in agricultural soil and plants: Ecological risks and human health implications. Toxics, 9, (3) 42.
Alkahtani, M. D., Y. M. Hafez, K. Attia, E. Rashwan, L. A. Husnain, H. I. Algwaiz and K. A. Abdelaal. 2021. Evaluation of silicon and proline application on the oxidative machinery in drought-stressed sugar beet. Antioxidants, 10, (3) 398.
Fattahi, B., K. Arzani, M. K. Souri and M. Barzegar. 2019. Effects of cadmium and lead on seed germination, morphological traits, and essential oil composition of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Industrial Crops and Products, 138, 111584.
Feret, J.-B., C. François, G. P. Asner, A. A. Gitelson, R. E. Martin, L. P. Bidel, S. L. Ustin, G. Le Maire and S. Jacquemoud. 2008. PROSPECT-4 and 5: Advances in the leaf optical properties model separating photosynthetic pigments. Remote sensing of environment, 112, (6) 3030-3043.
Gao, M. and Z. Song. 2019. Toxicity of cadmium to wheat seedling roots in the presence of graphene oxide. Chemosphere, 233, 9-16.
Heath, R. L. and L. Packer. 1968. Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts: I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 125, (1) 189-198.
Ighodaro, O. and O. Akinloye. 2018. First line defence antioxidants-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX): Their fundamental role in the entire antioxidant defence grid. Alexandria journal of medicine, 54, (4) 287-293.
Imtiaz, M., M. S. Rizwan, M. A. Mushtaq, M. Ashraf, S. M. Shahzad, B. Yousaf, D. A. Saeed, M. Rizwan, M. A. Nawaz and S. Mehmood. 2016. Silicon occurrence, uptake, transport and mechanisms of heavy metals, minerals and salinity enhanced tolerance in plants with future prospects: a review. Journal of environmental management, 183, 521-529.
Kar, M. and D. Mishra. 1976. Catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenoloxidase activities during rice leaf senescence. Plant physiology, 57, (2) 315-319.
Khan, M. I. R., F. Nazir, M. Asgher, T. S. Per and N. A. Khan. 2015. Selenium and sulfur influence ethylene formation and alleviate cadmium-induced oxidative stress by improving proline and glutathione production in wheat. Journal of plant physiology, 173, 9-18.
Li, S., W. Yang, T. Yang, Y. Chen and W. Ni. 2015. Effects of cadmium stress on leaf chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis of Elsholtzia argyi—a cadmium accumulating plant. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 17, (1) 85-92.
Lichtenthaler, H. K. and A. R. Wellburn. 1983. Determinations of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b of leaf extracts in different solvents. Portland Press Ltd.
Małecka, A., A. Konkolewska, A. Hanć, D. Barałkiewicz, L. Ciszewska, E. Ratajczak, A. M. Staszak, H. Kmita and W. Jarmuszkiewicz. 2019. Insight into the phytoremediation capability of Brassica juncea (v. Malopolska): Metal accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20, (18) 4355.
Nakano, Y. and K. Asada. 1981. Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant and cell physiology, 22, (5) 867-880.
Nicoli, M. C., B. E. Elizalde, A. Pitotti and C. R. Lerici. 1991. Effect of sugars and maillard reaction products on polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activity in food. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 15, (3) 169-184.
Rizwan, M., S. Ali, T. Abbas, M. Zia-Ur-Rehman, F. Hannan, C. Keller, M. I. Al-Wabel and Y. S. Ok. 2016a. Cadmium minimization in wheat: a critical review. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 130, 43-53.
Rizwan, M., S. Ali, M. Adrees, H. Rizvi, M. Zia-Ur-Rehman, F. Hannan, M. F. Qayyum, F. Hafeez and Y. S. Ok. 2016b. Cadmium stress in rice: toxic effects, tolerance mechanisms, and management: a critical review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23, 17859-17879.
Sandeep, G., K. Vijayalatha and T. Anitha. 2019. Heavy metals and its impact in vegetable crops. Int J Chem Stud, 7, (1) 1612-1621.
Sayed, S. and M. Gadallah. 2019. Hydrogen peroxide supplementation alleviates the deleterious effects of cadmium on photosynthetic pigments and oxidative stress and improves growth, yield and pods quality of pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 41, 1-12.
Shahid, M., C. Dumat, S. Khalid, E. Schreck, T. Xiong and N. K. Niazi. 2017. Foliar heavy metal uptake, toxicity and detoxification in plants: A comparison of foliar and root metal uptake. Journal of hazardous materials, 325, 36-58.
Sofo, A., A. Scopa, M. Nuzzaci and A. Vitti. 2015. Ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activities and their genetic regulation in plants subjected to drought and salinity stresses. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 16, (6) 13561-13578.
Ulusu, Y., L. Öztürk and M. Elmastaş. 2017. Antioxidant capacity and cadmium accumulation in parsley seedlings exposed to cadmium stress. Russian journal of plant physiology, 64, 883-888.
Wei, L., J. Zhang, C. Wang and W. Liao. 2020. Recent progress in the knowledge on the alleviating effect of nitric oxide on heavy metal stress in plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 147, 161-171.
Zhang, F., X. Xiao and X. Wu. 2020. Physiological and molecular mechanism of cadmium (Cd) tolerance at initial growth stage in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 197, 110613.
