Genetic Characterization of Hamra Goat Population in Two Different Locations of Morocco Using Microsatellite Markers

محورهای موضوعی : Camel

ب. هیلال ¹ (Department of Animal Production and Biotechnology, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco|Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Regional Centre of Tangier, Tanger, Morocco)
آی. بوجنانه ² (Department of Animal Production and Biotechnology, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco)
اس. ال اوتمانی ³ (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Regional Centre of Tangier, Tanger, Morocco)
م. چنتوف ⁴ (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Regional Centre of Tangier, Tanger, Morocco)
م. پیرو ⁵ (Department of Medecine, Surgery and Reproduction, Laboratoire d’Analyses Génétiques Vétérinaires, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco)

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/02/10 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/06/25 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/09/11

کلید واژه: genetic diversity, Morocco, Hamra goat, microsatellite marker,

چکیده مقاله :

In this study, genetic diversity of two different populations of Hamra goat breed of Morocco was investigated in 60 different samples (including 30 from Beni Arouss and 30 from Rommani) using fifteen microsatellite markers. A total of 145 alleles were detected with average number per locus of 8.67 and 8.07 in Beni Arouss and Rommani goats, respectively. The Shannon’s information index ranged from 1.58 in Rommani goats to 1.66 in Beni Arouss goats. The expected and the observed heterozygosity average over loci varied from 0.62 to 0.72 in Rommani and from 0.64 to 0.75 in Beni Arouss goats. Six markers in Beni Arouss goats and five in Rommani goats showed a significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The FIS values were 0.110 and 0.108 for Beni Arouss and Rommani goats, respectively. A low genetic differentiation was indicated by FST values across the two goat groups. The genetic distance of Nei between the two groups was 0.046 indicating a low genetic differentiation. This was confirmed by the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) that showed that 99.15% of variation was distributed within genetic groups. The presence of two clusters (K=2) for microsatellite markers suggested a high level of population admixture. It was concluded that both groups (Beni Arouss and Romani) presented a high similarity and may be considered as belonging to the same population.

چکیده انگلیسی:

در این مطالعه، تنوع ژنتیکی دو جمعیت مختلف نژاد بز هامرا در موروکو روی 60 نمونه مختلف (30 نمونه از منطقه بِنی­آروس و 30 نمونه از منطقه رومانی) با استفاده از 15 نشانگر ریزماهواره مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. مجموعاً 145 آلل شناسایی گردید و تعداد متوسط آلل به ازای هر جایگاه، 67/8 و 07/8 آلل به ترتیب در بزهای منطقه بِنی­آروس و منطقه رومانی بوده است. شاخص اطلاعات شانون بین 58/1 در بزهای رومانی تا 66/1 در بزهای بِنی­آروس متغیر بود. میانگین هتروزیگوسیتی مورد انتظار و مشاهده شده کُل جایگاه­ها از 62/0 تا 72/0 در بزهای رومانی و 64/0 تا 75/0 در بزهای بِنی­آروس متغیر بود. شش نشانگر در بزهای بِنی­آروس و پنج نشانگر در بزهای رومانی انحراف معنی­دار از تعادل هاردی - واینبرگ نشان دادند. مقادیر FIS برای بزهای بِنی­آروس و رومانی به ترتیب 110/0 و 108/0 بود. مقادیر FST حاکی از وجود مقادیر اندک تمایز ژنتیکی بین دو گروه بز مزبور بوده است. فاصله ژنتیکی نِی بین دو گروه 046/0 بوده و نشان دهنده پایین بودن تمایز ژنتیکی است. آنالیز واریانس مولکولی (AMOVA) نیز موید این موضوع بوده و نشان می­دهد که 15/99 درصد از تنوع در داخل گروه­های ژنتیکی توزیع گردیده است. حضور دو خوشه (2=K) برای نشانگرهای ریزماهواره نشان دهنده سطح بالای اختلاط این دو جمعیت است. از نتایج حاصل اینطور نتیجه­گیری می­شود که هر دو گروه (بِنی­آروس و رومانی) از شباهت بالایی برخوردار بوده و می­توان آنها را متعلق به یک جمعیت تلقی نمود.

منابع و مأخذ:

Agaoglu O.K. and Ertugrul O. (2012). Assessment of genetic diversity, genetic relationship and bottleneck using microsatellites in some native Turkish goat breeds. Small Rumin. Res. 105, 53-60.

Awobajo O.K., Salako A.E. and Osaiyuwu O.H. (2015). Analysis of genetic structure of Nigerian West African dwarf goats bymicrosatellite markers. Small Rumin. Res. 133, 112-117.

Belkhir K., Borsa P., Chikhi L., Raufaste N. and Bonhomme F. (2001). GENETIX 4.03, logiciel sous windows TM pour la génétique des populations. Laboratoire Génome, Populations, Interactions, CNRS UMR 5000. Université de Montpellier II, Montpellier, France.

Bosman L., Marle-Köster E.V. and Visser C. (2015). Genetic diversity of South African dairy goats for genetic management and improvement. Small Rumin. Res. 123, 224-231.

Bruno-de-Sousa C., Martinez A.M., Ginja C., Santos-Silva F., Carolino M.I., Delgado J.V. and Gama L.T. (2011). Genetic diversity and population structure in Portuguese goat breeds. Livest. Sci. 135, 131-139.

Dixit S.P., Verma N.K., Aggarwal R.A.K., Kumar S., Chander R., Vyas M.K. and Singh K.P. (2009). Genetic structure and differentiation of three Indian goat breeds. Asian-Australas J. Anim. Sci. 22, 1234-1240.

Dixit S.P., Verma N.K., Aggarwal R.A.K., Vyas M.K., Rana J. and Sharma A. (2012). Genetic diversity and relationship among Indian goat breeds based on microsatellite markers. Small Rumin. Res. 105, 38-45.

FAO. (2009). Livestock keepers-guardians of biodiversity. Animal Production and HealthPaper.Rome, Italy.

FAO. (2011). Draft guidelines on molecular genetic characterization of animal genetic resources. Commission of Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Thirteenth Regular Session, Rome, Italy.

FAOSTAT. (2015). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations the State of Food Insecurity in the World. Available at: http://faostat3.fao.org.

Fernandez H., Hughes S., Vigne J.D., Helmer D., Hodgins G., Miquel C., Hanni C., Luikart G. and Taberlet P. (2006). Divergent mtDNA lineages of goats in an Early Neolithic site, far from the initial domestication areas. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 103, 15375-15379.

Gour D.S., Malik G., Ahlawat S.P.S., Pandey A.K., Sharma R., Gupta N., Gupta S.C., Bisen P.S. and Kumar D. (2006). Analysis of genetic structure of Jamunapari goats by microsatellite markers. Small Rumin. Res. 66, 140-149.

Hilal B., El Otmani S., Chentouf M. and BoujenaneI. (2014). Morphological characterization of the local goat population "Beni Arrous". Options Méditerranéennes, Séries A. 108, 433-437.

Hoda A., Hyka G., Dunner S., Obexer-Ruff G. and Econogene C. (2011). Genetic diversity of Albanian goat breeds based on microsatellite markers. Arch. Zootec. 60, 607-615.

Hubisz M.J., Falush D., Stephens M. and Pritchard J.K. (2009). Inferring weak population structure with the assistance of sample group information. Mol. Ecol. Res. 9, 1322-1332.

Laval G., Iannuccelli N., Legault C., Milan D., Groenen M.A.M., Giuffra E., Andersson L., Nissen P.H., Jorgensen C.B., Beeckmann P., Geldermann H., Foulley J.L., Chevalet C. and Ollivier L. (2000). Genetic diversity of eleven European pig breeds. Genet. Sel. Evol. 32, 187-203.

Luikart G., Giellly L., Excoffier L., Vigne J.D., Bouuvet J. and Taberlet P. (2001). Multiple maternal origins and weak phylogeographic structure in domestic goats. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 98, 5927-5932.

Mahrous K.F., Alakilli S.Y.M., Salem L.M., Abd El-Aziem S.H. and El-Hanafy A.A. (2013). Genetic diversity in Egyptian and Saudi goat breeds using microsatellite markers. J. Appl. BioSci. 72, 5838-5845.

Mishra P., Ali A.S., Kuralkar S.V., Dixit S.P., Aggarwal R.A.K., Dangi P.S. and Verma N.K. (2013). Analysis of genetic diversity in Berari goat population of Maharashtra state. Iranian J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 3, 553-559.

Nafti M., Khaldi Z. and Haddad B. (2016). Genetic relationships and structure among goat populations from southern Tunisia assessed using microsatellites. J. New Sci. Agric. Biotechnol. 27, 1488-1497.

Nei M. (1978). Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals. Genetics. 89, 583-590.

Ouafi-Tadlaoui A., Babilliot J.M., Leroux C. and Martin P. (2002). Genetic diversity of the two main Moroccan goat breeds: phylogenetic relationships with four breeds reared in France. Small Rumin. Res. 45, 225-233.

Raymond M. and Rousset F. (1995). GENEPOP: population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism. J. Hered. 86, 248-249.

Schneider S., Roessli D. and Excoffier L. (1997). ARLEQUIN: A Software for Population Genetic Data Analysis. Genetics and Biometry Laboratory. University of Geneve, Geneve , Switzerland.

Serrano M., Calvo J.H., Martínez M., Marcos-Carcavilla A., Cuevas J., González C., Jurado J.J. and Tejada P.D. (2009). Microsatellite based genetic diversity and population structure of the endangered Spanish Guadarrama goat breed. BMC Genet. 10, 61-68.

Shadma F., Bhonga D., Ranka N. and Joshi G. (2008). Genetic variability and bottleneck studies in Zalawadi, Gohilwadi and Surti goat breeds of Gujarat (India) using microsatellites. Small Rumin. Res. 77, 58-64.

Toro M. and Maki-Tanila A. (2007). Genomics reveals domestication history and facilitates breed development. Pp. 75-102 in Utilization and Conservation of Farm Animal Genetic Resources. K. Oldenbroek, Ed. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, Netherlands.

Ulloa-Arvizu R., Gayosso-Vázquez A., Ramos-Kuri M., Estrada F.J., Montaño M. and Alonso R.A. (2008). Genetic analysis of Mexican Criollo cattle populations. J. Anim. Breed. Genet. 125, 351-359.

Weir B.S. and Cockerham C.C. (1984). Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure. Evolution. 38, 1358-1370.

Yeh F.C., Yang R.C., Boyle T.B.J., Ye Z.H. and Mao J.X. (1999). POPGENE: the user-friendly shareware for population genetic analysis. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Centre, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada.