Effects of Citric Acid on Growth Performance and Nutrient Retention of Broiler Chicken Fed Diets Having Two Levels of Non-Phytate Phosphorus and Rice Bran

محورهای موضوعی : Camel

K.P. Wickramasinghe ¹ , N.S.B.M. Atapattu ² , R.T. Seresinhe ³

1 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Mapalana, Kamburupitiya, Sri Lanka
2 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Mapalana, Kamburupitiya, Sri Lanka
3 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Mapalana, Kamburupitiya, Sri Lanka

تاریخ دریافت : 1392/08/06 تاریخ پذیرش : 1392/11/10 تاریخ انتشار : 1393/09/10

کلید واژه: Broiler, citric acid, non-phytate phosphorus, nutrient retention, rice bran,

چکیده مقاله :

Citric acid has been reported to increase utilization efficiency of dietary phytate-bound phosphorus and protein. Objective of this study was to determine the effects of citric acid on growth performance and nutrient retention of broiler chickens fed diets having two levels of non-phytate phosphorus and rice bran. Giving a completely randomize design in 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, 144 broiler chicks in 48 pens received one of the eight experimental diets containing two levels of dietary rice bran (20% or 30%), citric acid (0% or 2%) and non-phytate phosphorus (0.25% or 0.35%) ad libitum from day 21 to 42. Retention of nitrogen, phosphorus, mineral and dry matter was determined using a total collection trial. Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and weights of feather, liver, gizzard and pancreas were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by the levels of dietary rice bran, citric acid, or non-phytate phosphorus levels. Retention of nitrogen, phosphorus or dry matter were not significantly affected (P>0.05) by the levels of dietary rice bran, citric acid, non-phytate phosphorus or their interactions. 2% citric acid improved the retention of mineral with 30% rice bran compared to diets with 20% of rice bran. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in tibia ash when diet contained 20% or 30% rice bran. A significantly (P<0.05) higher tibia ash content was observed when diets had 2% of citric acid with 0.35% of non-phytate phosphorus. It is concluded that 30% rice bran had no adverse effects on growth performance of broiler chicken from day 21 to 42. 2% citric acid produces no beneficial effects at dietary rice bran levels of 20 or 30% or non-phytate phosphorus levels of 0.25 or 0.35%.

چکیده انگلیسی:

گزارش شده که اسید سیتریک راندمان استفاده از فیتات باند شده جیره‌ای و پروتئین را افزایش می‌دهد. موضوع این مطالعه تعیین اثرات اسید سیتریک روی عملکرد رشد و ابقای موادمغذی جوجه‌های گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیره‌های حاوی دو سطح فسفر غیر فیتاته و سبوس برنج بود. 144 قطعه جوجه گوشتی در 48 واحد آزمایشی، یکی از هشت جیره آزمایشی حاوی دو سطح سبوس برنج (20 یا 30 درصد)، اسید سیتریک (0 یا 2 درصد) و فسفر غیرفیتاته (25/0 یا 35/0 درصد) را به طور آزاد از روزهای 21 الی 42 در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی در قالب آزمون فاکتوریل 2 × 2 × 2 دریافت کردند. ابقای ازت، فسفر، مواد معدنی و ماده خشک با استفاده از یک آزمایش جمع‌آوری کل تعیین شد. مصرف خوراک، افزایش وزن، ضریب تبدیل خوراک و اوزان پر، کبد، سنگدان و پانکراس به طور معنی‌داری توسط سطوح جیره‌ای سبوس برنج، اسید سیتریک یا سطوح فسفر غیرفیتاته تأثیر نپذیرفت (05/0P>). ابقای ازت، فسفر و ماده خشک توسط سطوح سبوس برنج، اسید سیتریک، فسفر غیرفیتاته یا اثرات متقابل آنها تأثیر نپذیرفت (05/0P>). اسید سیتریک در سطح 2 درصدی ابقای مواد معدنی سبوس برنج در سطح 30 درصدی را در مقایسه با سطح 20 درصدی بهبود داد (05/0P>). محتوای خاکستر استخوان درشت‌نی بالاتری وقتی جیرها دارای 2 درصد اسید سیتریک و 35/0 درصد از فسفر غیرفیتاته بود، مشاهده شد (05/0P>). نتیجه اینکه، 30 درصد سبوس برنج اثرات سویی روی عملکرد رشدی جوجه‌های گوشتی از روز 21 الی 42 نداشت. اسید سیتریک در سطح 2 درصدی اثرت سودمندی در سطوح جیره‌ای سبوس برنج در سطح 20 یا 30 درصد یا سطوح فسفر غیرفیتاته 2/0 یا 35/0 درصد ایجاد نکرد.

منابع و مأخذ:

Akande K.E., Doma U.D., Agu H.O. and Adamu H.M. (2010). Major anti nutrients found in plant protein sources: their effect on nutrition. Pakistan J. Nutr. 9(8), 827-832.
Ao T., Cantor A.H., Pescatore A.J., Ford M.J., Pierce J.L. and Dawson K.A. (2009). Effect of enzyme supplementation and acidification of diets on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of broiler chicks. Poult. Sci. 88(1), 111-117.
AOAC. (1980). Official Methods of Analysis. 13^th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington, DC.
Atapattu N.S.B.M. and Nelligaswatta C.J. (2005). Effects of citric acid on the performance and the utilization of phosphorous and crude protein in broiler chickens fed on rice by products based diets. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 4(12), 990-993.
Atapattu N.S.B.M. (2005). Rice bran: potential and constraints as a poultry feed ingredient. Pp. 56 in Proc. 1^st Int. Symp. Sabaragamuva Univ. Sri Lanka.
Batal A.B. and Parsons C.M. (2002). Effects of age on nutrient digestibility in chicks fed different diets. Poult. Sci. 81(3), 400-407.
Boling S.D., Webel D.M., Marvormichelis I., Parsons C.M. and Baker D.H. (2000). The effects of citric acid on phytate phosphorus utilization in young chicks and pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 78, 682-689.
Boling-Frankenbach S.D., Snow J.L., Parsons C.M. and Baker D.H. (2001). The effects of citric acid on the calcium and phosphorus requirements of chicks fed corn-soybean meal diets. Poult. Sci. 80, 783-788.
Brenes A., Viveros A., Arija I., Centeno C., Pizarro M. and Carmen B. (2003). The effects of citric acid and microbial phytase on mineral utilization in broiler chicks. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 110, 210-219.
Chowdhury R., Islam K.M.S., Khan M.J., Karim M.R., Haque M.N., Khatun M. and Pesti G.M. (2009). Effect of citric acid, avilamycin, and their combination on the performance, tibia ash and immune status of broilers. Poult. Sci. 88(8), 1616-1622.
Connelly P. (2011). Nutritional advantages and disadvantages of dietary phytates. J. Australian Trad. Med. Soci. 17(1), 16-20.
Ersin samli H., Nizamettin S., Hasan A. and Aylin A. (2006). Using rice bran in laying hen diets. J. Cen. Euro. Agric. 7(1), 135-140.
Eeckhout W. and De Paepe M. (1994). Total phosphorus, phytate-phosphorus and phytase activity in plant feedstuffs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 47(1), 19-29.
Farrell D.J. and Martin E.A. (1998). Strategies to improve the nutritive value of rice bran in poultry diets. 1. The addition of food enzymes to target the non-starchy polysaccharide fraction in the diets of chicken and ducks gave no response. Br. Poult. Sci. 39, 549-554.
Gallinger C.I., Suarez D.M. and Irazusta A. (2004). Effects of rice bran inclusion on performance and bone mineralization in broiler chicks. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 13, 183-190.
Islam K.M.S., Schaeublin H., Wenk C., Wanner M. and Liesegang A. (2012). Effect of dietary citric acid on the performance and mineral metabolism of broiler. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 96(5), 808-817.
Liem A., Pesti G.M. and Edwards H.M. (2008). The effects of several organic acids on phytate phosporus hydrolysis in broiler chicks. Poult. Sci. 87, 689-693.
Maenz D.D. (2001). Enzymes in Farm Animal Nutrition. CABI Publishing Series.
Mohammed K.A., Toson M.A., Hassanien H.H.M., Soliman M.A.H. and Sanaa H.N. (2010). Effects of phytase supplementation on performance and egg quality of laying hens fed diets containing rice bran. Egyptian Poult. Sci. 30, 649-659.
Mujahid A., Ikram U.H., Musaddiq A. and Abrar H.G. (2005).Effect of various processing techniquesand different levels of antioxidant on stability of rice bran during storage. J. Sci. Food Agric. 85, 847-852.
NRC. (1994). Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. National Research Council. National Academy of Science, Washington, DC.
Piyaratne M.K.D.K., Atapattu N.S.B.M., Mendis A.P.S. and Amarasinghe A.G.C. (2011). Effects of balancing rice bran based diets for up to four amino acids on growth performance of broilers. Trop. Agric. Res. Ext. 12(2), 57-61.
Puminn O. (2003). Broiler performance and mineral utilization of enzyme supplemented defatted rice bran diets during heat stress. Ph D. Thesis. Univ., Tennessee, Knoxville.
Rafacz-livingstan K.A., Martinez-amezcua C., Parsons C.M., Baker D.H. and Snow J. (2005). Citric acid improves phytate phosphorus utilization in cross bred and commercial broiler chicks. Poult. Sci. 84, 1370-1375.
Ravindran V. (1995). Phytases in poultry nutrition. An overview. Pp. 135-139 in Proc. Australian Poult. Sci. Symp. Sydney, Australia.
SAS Institute. (1985). SAS^®/STAT Software, Release 6. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC.
Selle P.H., Ravindran V., Caldwell R.A. and Bryden W.L. (2000). Phytate and phytase: consequences for protein utilisation. Nutr. Res. Rev. 13(2), 255-278.
Sharif M.K. (2009). Rice industrial by products management for oil extraction and value added products. Ph D. Thesis. Agriculture Univ., Faisalabad.
Shellem T. and Angel R. (2002). Is the effect of citric acid on apparent phosphorus availability mediated primarily through feed consumption changes? Poult. Sci. 80, 94.
Snow J.L., Baker D.H. and Parsons C.M. (2004). Phytase, citric acid and 1à-hydroxycholecalciferol improve phytate phosphorus utilization in chicks fed a corn soybean meal diet. Poult. Sci. 83, 1187-1192.
Steyaert P., Buldgen A. and Compere R. (1989). Influence of the rice bran content in mash on growth performance of broiler chickens in Senegal. Bull. Rech. Agron. Gemblux. 24, 385-388.
Waldroup P.W., Kersey J.H., Saleh E.A., Fritts C.A., Yan F., Stillborn H.L., Crum R.C. and Raboy V. (2000). Non-phytate phosphorus requirement and phosphorus excretion of broiler chicks fed diets composed of normal or high available phosphorus corn with or without microbial phytase. Poult. Sci. 79, 1451-1459.
Warren B.E. and Farrell D.J. (1990a). The nutritive value of full-fat and defatted Australian rice bran. 1. Chemical composition. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 27, 219-228.
Warren B.E. and Farrell D.J. (1990b). The nutritive value of full fat and defatted Australian rice bran. II. Growth studies with chicken, rats and pigs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 27, 229-246.
Warren B.E. and Farrell D.J. (1991). The nutritive value of full fat and defatted Australian rice bran. V. The apparent retention of minerals and apparent digestibility of amino acids in chickens and adult cockerels fitted with ileal cannula. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 34, 323-342.