Effects of Calcium, Phosphorus and Zinc in Wheat-Based Diets on Broiler Chickens’ Performance, Immunity and Bone Parameters
محورهای موضوعی : Camel
م. عسگری
1
(
Department of Animal Science, University of Ilam, Ilam, Iran
)
ع. خطیبجو
2
(
Department of Animal Science, University of Ilam, Ilam, Iran
)
ک. طاهرپور
3
(
Department of Animal Science, University of Ilam, Ilam, Iran
)
ف. فتاح نیا
4
(
Department of Animal Science, University of Ilam, Ilam, Iran
)
ح. سوری
5
(
Department of Animal Science, University of Ilam, Ilam, Iran
)
کلید واژه: Performance, Broiler, immunity, Calcium, Zinc, phosphorus, Bone,
چکیده مقاله :
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of zinc (Zn) supplementation and different concentrations of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in wheat-based diets on the performance, immune responses and bone parameters of broiler chickens. A randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement was used (three concentrations of Zn supplementation×two concentrations of dietary Ca-P), 300 day-old broilers were assigned to six dietary treatments with five replicates of ten birds. Dietary treatments were the basal diet (control; TRT1), control plus 50 ppm Zn (TRT2), control plus 70 ppm Zn (TRT3), low Ca-P diet (0.60 to 0.30%; TRT4), low Ca-P diet plus 50 ppm Zn (TRT5) and low Ca-P diet plus 50 ppm Zn (TRT6). Ca and P in the control diet were 0.90 and 0.45% in the grower phase and 0.85 and 0.42% in the finisher phase. Changes in dietary Ca-P had no effect on body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) or serum Ca and P concentrations (P>0.05) whereas Zn supplementation increased FI (P<0.05). The addition of 50 ppm Zn increased serum P concentration (P<0.05) and dietary treatments had no effect on antibody titers against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) (P>0.05). The lowest blood heterophil (H) and the highest lymphocyte (L) percentages and lowest H:L ratio were observed in birds fed with the diet containing a standard Ca-P with 70 ppm Zn supplementation (P<0.05). Dietary treatments had no effect on bone length, thickness and breaking strength (P>0.05). Tibia and fibula ash decreased by feeding lower Ca-P than the standard diet (P<0.05). It is concluded that low Ca-P diets did not have a detrimental effect on performance or blood and bone parameters and that Zn supplementation did not improve those parameters when feed was low in Ca-P.
این آزمایش به منظور بررسی تأثیر مکمل روی (Zn) و سطوح مختلف کلسیم (Ca) و فسفر (P) بر ایمنی، عملکرد و پارامترهای استخوانی جوجه‌های گوشتی انجام گردید. برای این منظور از 300 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه راس 308 تجاری به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 3 سطح مکمل روی و دو سطح کلسیم به فسفر، به صورت 6 تیمار، 5 تکرار و 10 جوجه در هر تکرار استفاده گردید. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل 1) جیره پایه (شاهد)، 2) جیره پایه + 50 میلی‌گرم درکیلوگرم مکمل روی، 3) جیره پایه + 70 میلی‌گرم درکیلوگرم مکمل روی، 4) جیره دارای کلسیم-فسفر پایین (6/0 به 3/0 درصد)، 5) جیره دارای کلسیم-فسفر پایین + 50 میلی‌گرم درکیلوگرم مکمل روی و 6) جیره دارای کلسیم-فسفر پایین + 70 میلی‌گرم درکیلوگرم مکمل روی. میزان کلسیم-فسفر جیره شاهد در دوره رشد و پایانی به ترتیب 9/0 به 45/0 و 85/0 به 42/0 درصد جیره بود. تغییر کلسیم و فسفر جیره تأثیری بر وزن بدن، خوراک مصرفی، ضریب تبدیل خوراک یا کلسیم و فسفر سرم نداشت (05/0P>) درحالیکه مکمل روی خوراک مصرفی جوجه‌ها را افزایش داد (05/0P<). افزودن 50 میلی‌گرم روی به هر کیلوگرم جیره باعث افزایش فسفر سرم گردید (05/0P>) درحالیکه بر تیتر آنتی‌بادی علیه گلبول قرمز خون گوسفند تأثیر معنی داری نداشت (05/0P<). بالاترین درصد لنفوسیت و کمترین درصد هتروفیل و نسبت هتروفیل به لنفوسیت در جوجه‌های تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی کلسیم و فسفر استاندارد همراه با 70 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم مکمل روی مشاهده گردید (05/0P>). جیره‌های آزمایشی بر طول استخوان، ضخامت و نیروی شکست استخوان تأثیر معنی داری نداشتند (05/0P<). در مقایسه با جیره شاهد، تغذیه جیره کم کلسیم-فسفر باعث کاهش میزان خاکستر استخوان‌های نازک نی و درشت نی گردید (05/0P>). به طور کلی جیره‌های کم کلسیم-فسفر تأثیر مخربی بر عملکرد، فراسنجه‌های خونی و استخوانی جوجه‌های گوشتی نداشتند و مکمل کردن جیره‌ها با روی نتوانست فراسنجه‌های مذکور را در جوجه‌های تغذیه شده با جیره‌های کم کلسیم بهبود دهد.
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