Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Genetic Trends of Somatic Cell Score in Iranian Holstein Cows Using Test-Day Records
محورهای موضوعی : CamelK. Kheirabadi 1 , S. Alijani 2
1 - Department of Animal Science, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
کلید واژه: random regression, somatic cell score, genetic parameters, genetic trend,
چکیده مقاله :
The aim of the present study was to estimate the genetic parameters and genetic trends of somatic cell score (SCS) in the first 3 lactations of Iranian Holstein cows by random regression (RR) animal model by using Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) method. The data set used in this analysis included observations of 340318 test-day records of 41526 cows in 288 herds; 89969 test-day of 11750 cows in 127 herds and 20010 test-day of 2461 cows in 60 herds in the first-, second- and third-parity, respectively, during the period from 2002 to 2010. Fixed effects considered were: year of calving, age-season of calving (by applying a fixed regression for each subclass of this effect) and herd-test date. Estimates of additive genetic variances for all parities, with only small changes, show a similar trend. Heritability estimates for first parity (0.03 to 0.07) were lower than those for second (0.07 to 0.11) and third (0.08 to 0.17) parities. Genetic correlations between daily SCS within parity were high for adjacent tests and low between the beginning and the end of lactation and decreased with increase parity number. Genetic correlations between parities were higher than 0.70 but environmental correlations between parities were in range of 0.22 to 0.51. Genetic correlations between parity demonstrate that genes that control SCS in parities are same and selection animal for SCS in first parity would have affected SCS in other parity. The genetic trend for SCS was favorable until 1995 and unfavorable since then. The relatively high level of SCS and positive genetic trends (0.431 to 0.701 cells/mL/year) would suggest that genetic improvement of SCS is at unacceptable level in Iran.
هدف از این پژوهش برآورد پارامترهای ژنتیکی و روند ژنتیکی نمره سلول‌های بدنی (SCS) سه دوره شیردهی نخست گاوهای هلشتاین ایران با استفاده از مدل رگرسیون تصادفی و روش حداکثر درست نمایی محدود شده بود. اطلاعات مورد استفاده شامل 340318 رکورد روز آزمون مربوط به 41526 حیوان در 288 گله، 89969 رکورد روز آزمون مربوط به 11750 حیوان در 127 گله، و 20010 رکورد روز آزمون مربوط به 2461 حیوان در 60 گله، به ترتیب برای دوره‌های شیردهی اول، دوم و سوم بین سال‌های 2002 تا 2010 بود. اثرات ثابت شامل سال زایش، سن-فصل در هنگام زایش (به صورت رگرسیون ثابت برای هر کلاس از این اثر) و گله-تاریخ رکورد برداری بود. برآورد واریانس‌های ژنتیک افزایشی، تنها با تغییرات جزئی، برای همه دوره‌های شیردهی روند مشابهی را نشان داد. برآوردهای وراثت پذیری برای دوره شیردهی اول (03/0 تا 07/0) کمتر از این مقدار برای دوره‌های شیردهی دوم (07/0 تا 11/0) و سوم (08/0 تا 17/0) بود. همبستگی-های ژنتیکی بین رکوردهای روز آزمون نمره سلول‌های بدنی برای روزهای مجاور بالا و بین دو انتهای دوره شیردهی پائین، و با افزایش دوره شیردهی کاهش یافت. همبستگی‌های ژنتیکی بین دوره‌های شیردهی بالاتر از 70/0، اما برای همبستگی‌های محیطی در دامنه 22/0 تا 51/0 بود. همبستگی‌های ژنتیکی بین دوره‌های شیردهی تائید می‌کند که ژنهای کنترل کننده نمره سلول‌های بدنی برای دوره‌های شیردهی مختلف مشابه بوده و انتخاب حیوان برای نمره سلول‌های بدنی دوره شیردهی اول روی نمره سلول‌های بدنی دیگر دوره‌های شیردهی تأثیرگذار خواهد بود. روند ژنتیکی نمره سلول‌های بدنی تا سال 1995 مطلوب و بعد از آن نامطلوب بود. سطح نسبتاً بالای نمره سلول‌های بدنی و روندهای ژنتیکی مثبت آن (431/0 تا 701/0 سال/میلی‌لیتر/سلول) نشان می‌دهند که در ایران بهبود ژنتیکی نمره سلول‌های بدنی در سطح قابل قبولی انجام نشده است.
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