Effects of Levels of Inclusion of Locally Processed Fish Waste Meal in the Diets of White Leghorn Layers on Performance Parameters, Hatchability, Economics, Egg Production and Egg Quality
محورهای موضوعی : Camelآ. آلمایهو 1 , م. یورج 2 , آ. گتو 3
1 - Department of Animal Production and Technology, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
2 - School of Animal and Range Science, Collage of Agriculture, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia
3 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
کلید واژه: Quality, egg production, hatchability, fish waste meal, white Leghorn,
چکیده مقاله :
The study was conducted at Haramaya university poultry farm to evaluate the effects of locally processed fish waste meal (FWM) in the diet of white leghorn layers on the performance and hatchability, egg quality, sensory flavor and profitability of the rations. One hundred eighty chickens at five months of age were randomly distributed (15 layers per each 12 pens). The pens were randomly assigned with three replications for each of four experimental rations. Ninety day age dry matter intake (DMI), laying performance, egg quality of T1 (conventional layers ration with no FWM), T2 5% FWM + 10% soybean meal (SBM) + 16% wheat short (WS) + 17% noug seed cake (NSC), T3 10% FWM + 5% SBM + 8% (WS) + 16.8% (NSC), T4 15% FWM + 0% SBM + 6% wheat high (WH) + 16.7% (NSC) were considered. The chemical analysis showed that FWM contained 41.2% crude protein (CP) and 2982.04 kcal metabolizable energy (ME)/kg DM. DMI (88.6, 90.1, 89.1 and 89.2 (SEM=2.81, for T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively) was not statistically different between the treatments. Average daily body weight (BW) gain, (SEM=0.027 g), for T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively) was significantly lower in T2 and T4 as compared to T3. Hen-day egg production (47.8%, 54.9, 58.1 and 53.8 (SEM=1.32), egg mass (23.0 g, 28.8, 27.1 and 26.8 (SEM=0.73), for T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively) were significantly higher in diets fed with rations containing FWM as compared to the control group. Feed efficiency ratio (0.26, 0.30, 0.30 and 0.30 (SEM=0.007), for T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively was significantly higher for groups consumed FWM diet than the control. Eggs from hens fed with rations containing 10 and 15% FWM had moderate fishy flavor (P<0.05) as compared to those consuming the control and T2 diets. The results obtained from partial budget analysis indicated that inclusion of FWM improved the economics of egg production which is attributed to the high cost of soybean meal as compared to FWM and the better efficiency of feed utilization by FWM groups. Thus, FWM inclusion improved egg laying performance and profitability, but imparted moderate fishy flavor beyond 5% inclusion. However, when considering egg production, feed efficiency ratio, net return and egg sale to feed cost ratio, inclusion of FWM in White Leghorn diets at up to 10% is recommended.
این مطالعه در مرزعه طیور دانشگاه حرامایا برای ارزیابی استفاده از پودر ضایعات ماهی در جیره مرغهای تخمگذار لگهورن سفید روی عملکرد، قابلیت جوجه درآوری، کیفیت تخم مرغ، طعم و بوی و سودآوری جوجهها انجام شد. یکصد و هشتاد جوجه در 5 ماهگی به طور تصادفی با 15 قطعه مرغ در واحدهای آزمایشی توزیع شدند. واحدهای آزمایشی به طور تصادفی با سه تکرار به هر یک از چهار تیمار آزمایشی اختصاص یافتند. در طی 90 روز مصرف ماده خشک، عملکرد تخمگذاری و کیفیت تخم مرغ در جوجههای تغذیه شده با :T1 جیرههای معمول مرغان تخمگذار (کنترل)، :T25 درصد ضایعات + 10 درصد کنحاله سویا + 16 درصد خردههای گندم + 17 درصد کیکدانهبادام، :T3 10 درصد ضایعات + 5 درصد کنحاله سویا + 8 درصد خردههای گندم + 8/16 درصد کیکدانهبادام و :T4 15 درصد ضایعات + 0 درصد کنجاله سویا + 6 درصد خردههای گندم + 7/16 درصد کیک دانه باداممورد اندازهگیری قرار گرفتند. تجزیه شیمیایی پودر ضایعات نشان داد که محتوای پروتیین خام آن 2/41 و انرژی متابولیسمی 04/2982 کیلوکالری بر کیلوگرم بود. ماده خشک مصرفی ](6/88، 1/90، 1/89 و 2/89 (81/2=SEM) گرم برای T1، T2، T3 و T4)[ از نظر آماری تفاوت معنی داری بین تیمارهای آزمایشی نشان نداد. متوسط افزایش وزن روزانه بدن برای تیمارهای T2 و T4 در مقایسه با تیمار T3 معنی دار بود. تولید روز مرغ ](8/47، 9/54، 1/58 و 8/53 درصد (32/1=SEM)[، توده تخم مرغ تولیدی ](23، 8/28، 1/27 و 8/26 گرم (73/0=SEM)[ به ترتیب برای T1، T2، T3 و T4به طور معنی داری در جیرههای تغذیه شده با ضایعات در مقایسه با گروه کنترل بالاتر بود. راندمان استفاده از خوراک ](26/0، 3/0، 3/0 و 3/3 (007/0=SEM) به ترتیب برای T1، T2، T3 و [T4 در گروههای تغدیه شده با ضایعات پودر ماهی در مقایسه با گروه کنترل بالاتر بود. تخمهای حاصل از مرغان تغذیه شده با جیرههای حاوی 10 و 15 درصد ضایعات دارای طعم و بوی ملایم ماهی در مقایسه با جیره کنترل و T2 بودند. نتیجه حاصل از آنالیز بودجهبندی جزئی مشخص نمود که بازده اقتصادی بیشتر تولید تخم مرغ در جیرههای حاوی ضایعات مربوط به هزینه بالای کنجاله سویا در مقایسه با ضایعات و همچنین راندمان بهتر استفاده از خوراک حاوی ضایعات بود. بنابراین، استفاده از ضایعات پودر ماهی عملکرد تولید و سودآوری را بهبود ولی در سطوح بالاتر از 5 درصد سبب ایجاد طعم و بوی ملایم ماهی شد.
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