Effect of Autoclave, Microwave Radiation and Their Combination on the Metabolic Energy and Nutrient Digestibility of Wheat Screening Waste in Broilers
محورهای موضوعی : CamelM. Hashemi 1 , B. Navidshad 2 , H. Lotfollahian 3 , F. Mirzaei Aghjehgheshlagh 4 , S. Karamati 5
1 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran (ASRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
4 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
5 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
کلید واژه: digestibility, Broiler, metabolisable energy, Microwave, autoclave, wheat screening waste,
چکیده مقاله :
This study investigated the effect of autoclaving and microwave radiation on the chemical composition, metabolic energy, and nutrient digestibility of wheat screening waste. Autoclave treatment involved heating the waste at 120 °C for 45 minutes, while microwave treatment utilized 1000 watts for 5 minutes. The experimental treatments included untreated waste, autoclaved waste, microwaved waste, and autoclaved followed by microwaved waste. Both heat treatments resulted in a decrease in gross energy, with the microwave treatment exhibiting the most significant effect. Additionally, the microwave treatment and the sequential autoclave followed by microwave treatment led to a slight reduction in dry matter content. Autoclaving improved the metabolisable energy of the waste by 23.4%, while the combined autoclave and microwave treatment improved it by 9.7%. However, microwave processing alone reduced the metabolisable energy by 25.4%. The heat treatments also resulted in notable changes in the waste's chemical composition, including decreased crude protein, gross energy, and sugar content, as well as increased dry matter, crude fiber, acid-insoluble ash, calcium, and phosphorus.
Afsharmanesh M., Scott T.A. and Silversides F.G. (2008). Effect of wheat type, grinding, heat treatment, and phytase supplementation on growth efficiency and nutrient utilization of wheat-based diets for broilers. Canadian J. Anim. Sci. 88, 57-64.
Al-Kaisey M.T., Mohammed M.A., Alvan A.K.H. and Mohammed M.H. (2002). The effect of gamma irradiation on the viscosity of two barley cultivars for broiler chicks. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 63, 295-297.
AOAC. (2005). Official Methods of Analysis. 18th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
Borges F.M.O., Rostagno H.S., Saad C.E.P., Rodriguez N.M., Teixeira E.A., Lara L.B., Mendes W.S. and Araújo V.L. (2003). Regression equations to evaluate the energy values of wheat grain and its by-products for broiler chickens from chemical analyses. Brazilian J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 55, 734-746.
Crouch A.N., Grimes J.L., Ferket P.R., Thomas L.N. and Sefton A.E. (1997). Enzyme supplementation to enhance wheat utilization in starter diets for broilers and turkeys. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 6, 147-154.
Golian A. and Parsaie S. (1996). Utilization of wheat screening in laying hen nutrition. Iranian J. Agric. Sci. 27, 105-114.
Gracia M.I., Latorre M.A., Garci M., Lazaro R. and Mateos G.G. (2008). Influence of enzyme supplementation and heat processing of barley on digestive traits and productive performance of broilers. Poult. Sci. 87, 940-948.
Kianfar R., Moravej H., Shivazad M., Taghinejad-Roudbaneh M. and Alahyari Shahrasb M. (2013). The effects of dry heat processing, autoclaving and enzyme supplementation on the nutritive value of wheat for growing Japanese quails. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 41, 93-102.
Mariscal C., Gómez M. and Méndez L. (2004). Effects of different thermal treatments on isoflavone content and antioxidant activity of tempeh. J. Agric. Food Chem. 52, 2554-2559.
Mohammadi Ghasem Abadi M.H., Riahi M., Shivazad M., Zali A. and Adibmoradi M. (2014). Efficacy of Wheat Based vs. Corn based diet formulated based on digestible amino acid method on performances, carcass traits, blood parameters, immunity response, jejunum histomorphology, cecal microflora and excreta moisture in broiler chickens. Iranian J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 4, 105-110.
NRC. (1994). Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 9th Rev. Ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC., USA.
Perić L., Živančev J. and Ušćumlić G. (2020). Wheat quality characteristics after microwave-assisted batch and continuous flow processing. Foods. 9, 561-569.
Skrede A., Sahlstrom S., Ahlstrom Ø., Connor K.H. and Skrede G. (2007). Effects of lactic acid fermentation and gamma irradiation of barley on antinutrient contents and nutrient digestibility in mink (Mustela vison) with and without dietary enzyme supplement. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 61, 211-221.
