The Effect of Powder and Essential Oil of Savory Medicinal Plant Me (Satureja hortensis)on Performance and Antioxidant Status of Broiler Chicks under Heat Stress
محورهای موضوعی : CamelS. Montazeri 1 , M. Jafari 2 , S. Khojasteh 3
1 - Department of Animal Science, Astara Branch, Islamic Azad University, Astara, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Astara Branch, Islamic Azad University, Astara, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, Astara Branch, Islamic Azad University, Astara, Iran
کلید واژه: Performance, Broiler, heat stress, antioxidant status, savory,
چکیده مقاله :
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of savory (Satureja hortensis) powder and its essential oil on performance and antioxidant status of broiler chickens under heat stress (34±2 ˚C for 8 hours per day). A total of 336 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross-308) were divided into 6 treatments and 4 replications (14 birds per replicate). Experimental diets were a corn-soybean based diet with no supplement (control), diet containing 200-ppm vitamin E as positive control, diets containing 1 and 2% of savory powder and diets containing 100 and 200 ppm of savory essential oil. Antioxidant status was measured by analysis of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and super oxide dismutase (SOD) activities in liver tissue. Results indicated that body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not significantly affected by the experimental treatments. Experimental diets except diet containing 1% savory powder, decreased (P<0.05) MDA concentrations and increased SOD activities (P<0.05) in liver tissue as compared to the control diet. However, there were no significant differences in liver GPX activities between treatments. The results of this study concluded that, supplementation of diet with savory powder and its essential oil improved antioxidant status in broiler chickens reared under heat stress and it can be considered as a replacement for synthetic antioxidant in poultry diet in heat stress conditions.
این تحقیق جهت ارزیابی اثر سطوح مختلف پودر و اسانس مرزه بر عملکرد و وضعیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی جوجه‌های گوشتی تحت تنش حرارتی (2±34 سانتی‌گراد برای 8 ساعت در روز) انجام گرفت. برای این آزمایش، تعداد 336 قطعه جوجه یکروزه نر سویه راس 308 به طور تصادفی به 6 تیمار با 4 تکرار (در هر تکرار 14 قطعه) اختصاص یافت. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل جیره پایه بدون افزودنی به عنوان شاهد، جیره حاوی 200 قسمت در میلیون (ppm) ویتامین E به عنوان شاهد مثبت، جیره حاوی 1 درصد پودر مرزه، جیره حاوی 2 درصد پودر مرزه، جیره حاوی 100 قسمت در میلیون اسانس مرزه و جیره حاوی 200 قسمت در میلیون اسانس مرزه بودند. نتایج نشان داد که وزن بدن، افزایش وزن، مصرف خوراک و ضریب تبدیل تحت تأثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفت (05/0P>). تمامی تیمارها به استثنای تیمار 1 درصد پودر مرزه باعث کاهش معنی‌دار مالون‌دی‌آلدهید و افزایش فعالیت آنزیم سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز کبد شدند (05/0>P). تفاوت معنی‌داری بین تیمارها از نظر فعالیت گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز کبد مشاهده نگردید. نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که استفاده از پودر و اسانس مرزه موجب بهبود معنی‌دار وضعیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی در جوجه‌های گوشتی تحت تنش حرارتی شده و می‌تواند جایگزین آنتی‌اکسیدان‌های مصنوعی در شرایط تنش گرمایی در جیره گردد.
Alizadeh A., Khoshkhui M., Javidnia K., Firuzi O., Tafazoli E. and Khalighi A. (2010). Effects of fertilizer on yield, essential oil composition, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in Satureja hortensis (Lamiaceae) cultivated in Iran. J. Med. Plan. Res. 4, 33-40.
Arthur J.R. and Boyne R. (1985). Super oxide dismutase and glutathione-peroxides activities in neutrophils from selenium deficient and copper deficient cattle. Life Sci. 36, 1569-1575.
Botsoglou N.A., Florou Paneri P., Christaki E., Fletouris D.J. and Spais A.B. (2002). Effect of dietary oregano essential oil on performance of chickens and on iron-induced lipid oxidation of breast, thigh and abdominal fat tissues. Br. Poult. Sci. 43, 223-230
Bradford M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72, 248-254.
Bunyapraphatsara N. (2007). Utilization of medicinal plants in animal production. Pp 157-165 in 1th Int. Cong., Leiden. Netherlands, Phytopharmcol.
Deyhim F. and Teeter R.G. (1991). Sodium and potassium chloride drinking water supplementation effects on acid-base balance and plasma corticosterone in broilers reared in thermoneutral and heat-distressed environment. Poult. Sci. 70, 2551-2553.
El Emary N.A. (1993). Egyptian medicinal plants: an over view I. Assiut J. Environ. Stud. 2, 18-19.
Faix S., Faixová Z., Plachá I. and Koppel J. (2009). Effect of cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil on antioxidative status in broiler chickens. Acta Vet. Brno. 78, 411-417.
Ferrini G., Baucells M.D., Esteve Garcia E. and Barroeta A.C. (2008). Dietary polyunsaturated fat reduces skin fat as well as abdominal fat in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 87, 528-535.
Grabley S. and Thiericke R. (1999). Bioactive agents from natural sources: trends in discovery and application. Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol. 64, 101-154.
Huang S.W. and Frankel E.N. (1997). Antioxidant activity of tea catechins in different lipid systems. J. Agric. Food Chem. 45, 3033-3038.
Jo C. and Ahn D.U. (1998). Fluorometric analysis of 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in turkey. Poult. Sci. 77, 475-480.
Kamel C. (2001). Tracing modes of action and the roles of plant extracts in non-ruminants. Pp 135-150 in Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition. P.C. Garnsworthy and J. Weiseman, Eds. Nottingham University Press, Nothingham, UK.
Lavinia S., Dumitrescu G., Drinceanu D., Stef D., Mot D., Julean C., Tetileanu R., Corcionivoschi N. (2009). The effect of medicinal plants and plant extracted oils on broiler duodenum morphology and immunological profile. Romanian Biotechnol. Let. 4, 4606-4614.
McCord J.M. (1979). Superoxide, superoxide dismutase and oxygen toxicity. Rev. Biochem. Toxicol. 1, 109-124.
Nobakht A. (2011). Effects of different levels of chicory (Cichorium intybus), zizaphora (Zizaphora tenuior), nettle (Urtica dioica) and savory (Satureja hortensis) medicinal plants on carcass characteristics of male broilers. J. Med. Plants Res. 5, 4354-4359.
Paglia D.E. and Valentine W.N. (1967). Studies on quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. J. Lab. Med. 70, 158-169.
Ross 308 broiler. (2007). Nutrition specification. Available in: www.aviagen.com.
SAS Institute. (2004).SAS/STAT User’s Guide, Version 9.1. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
Sies H. (1991). Oxidative stress: from basic research to clinical application. Am. J. Med. 91, 31-38.
Singh G., Marimuthu P., De Heluani C.S. and Catalan C. (2005). Antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials of essential oil and acetone extract of Myristica fragrans Houtt. (Aril part). J. Food Sci. 70, 141-148.
Soliman A.Z., Abd El Malak N.Y. and Abbas A.M. (1995). Effect of using some commercial feed additives as promoters on the performance of growing and adult rabbits. Egyptian J. App. Sci. 10, 501-505.
Steel R.G.D. and Torrie J.H. (1980). Principles and Procedures of Statistics. A Biometrical Approach. MC Graw Hill, New York.
Suhaj M. (2006). Spice antioxidants isolation and their antiradical activity: a review. J. Food Compos. Anal. 19, 531-537.
Sumida S., Tanaka K., Kitao H. and Nakadomo F. (1989). Exercise induced lipid peroxidation and leakage of enzyme before and after vitamin E supplementation. Int. J. Biochem. 21, 835-838.
Zhang G.F., Yang Z.B., Wang Y., Yang W.R., Jiang S.Z. and Gai G.S. (2009). Effects of ginger root (Zingiber officinale) processed to different particle sizes on growth performance, antioxidant status and serum metabolites of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 88, 2159-2166.
