Prevalence and Risk Factors of Subclinical Mastitis in Iranian Holstein Cows
محورهای موضوعی : Camelس. نقشینه 1 , س.ع. رافت 2 , ج. شجاع 3 , غ.ع. مقدم 4 , م. ابراهیمی 5
1 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
4 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
5 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
کلید واژه: subclinical mastitis, Risk Factors, parity, calving season, Holstein cows,
چکیده مقاله :
The present study aimed to estimate the effects of parity, calving season and year of calving on the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in Holstein cows. A total of 2682 records from 869 Holstein cows in a large dairy farm (Azarbaijan province, Iran), respecting the period from 2006 to 2009, were collected. Data was analyzed using Proc Mixed of SAS software by MIVQUE method. Subclinical mastitis was also studied based on three differentmodels including: 1) considering each udder quarter as a separate unit (Udder quarter model), 2) considering all the four udder quarters of a cow as one overall unit (Subclinm model) and 3) considering the sum of positive subclinical mastitis scores in all udder quarters of an animal (Episode model). Diagnosis of subclinical mastitis was based on California Mastitis Test. Results showed that the prevalence of subclinical mastitis was20.83%. The prevalence of cows with only one udder quarter affected by subclinical mastitis was 23.71%. Parity and year of calving significantly affected the prevalence of subclinical mastitis (P>0.001). Older cows with higher parity number had increased prevalence of subclinical mastitis. Therefore, the highest prevalence of subclinical mastitis was observed in cows having number of parities between 5and 11. The lowest subclinical mastitis prevalence (using three mastitis models) was recorded in 2010, whilst its highest prevalence was observed in 2008. Season of calving also significantly influenced subclinical mastitis prevalence (P<0.05): cows calving in autumn had higher prevalence of subclinical mastitis than those calving in the other seasons. Concluding, data from the present study demonstrated thatparity, calving season and year of calving influenced the prevalence of subclinical mastitis on the three mentioned models.
پژوهش حاضر به منظور تخمین اثرات شکم زایش، فصل گوسالهزایی و سال گوسالهزایی بر ورم پستان تحت حاد در گاوهای هلشتاین انجام شد. تعداد 2682 رکورد از 869 گاو هلشتاین در یک مزرعه گاو شیری بزرگ (استان آذربایجان شرقی، ایران) از 2006 تا 2009 برای آنالیز جمعآوری شد. اثرات شکم زایش، فصل گوسالهزایی و سال گوسالهزایی بر ورم پستان تحتحاد به وسیله رویه Mixed نرم افزار SAS و به وسیله روش MIVQUE آنالیز شدند. همچنین ورم پستان تحت حاد بر اساس 3 مدل مورد بررسی قرار گرفت که شامل: 1- در نظر گرفتن هر یک از کارتیههای پستان گاو به عنوان یک واحد جداگانه (مدل کارتیه)، 2- در نظر گرفتن همه کارتیههای یک گاو به عنوان یک واحد کلی (مدل Subclinm)، 3- در نظر گرفتن جمع نمرات ورم پستان تحت حاد در همه کارتیههای یک حیوان (مدل Episode)، بودند. تشخیص ورم پستان تحت حاد بر اساس آزمون ورم پستان کالیفرنیایی انجام شد. نتایج نشان دادند که شیوع ورم پستان تحت حاد 83/20 درصد بود. شیوع ورم پستان تحت حاد تنها در یکی از کارتیههای گاوها، 71/23 درصد بود. شیوع ورم پستان تحت حاد به صورت معنی داری تحت تأثیر شکم زایش و سال گوسالهزایی قرار گرفت (001/0P<). گاوهای مسنتر با تعداد زایش بیشتر شیوع بالاتر ورم پستان تحت حاد داشتند. بنابراین، بیشترین شیوع ورم پستان تحت حاد در گاوهایی با تعداد زایش بین 5 و 11 مشاهده شد. کمترین شیوع ورم پستان تحت حاد (با استفاده از 3 مدل ورم پستان) در سال 2010 مشاهده شد، در حالیکه بیشترین شیوع ورم پستان در سال 2008 مشاهده شد. فصل گوسالهزایی نیز اثر معنیداری بر روی شیوع ورم پستان تحت حاد داشت (05/0P<). بنابراین، گاوهایی که در پاییز زایش داشتند، شیوع بالاتری از ورم پستان تحت حاد نسبت به سایر فصول گوسالهزایی داشتند. از این رو نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان دادند که شکم زایش، فصل گوسالهزایی و سال گوسالهزایی ورم پستان تحت حاد را بر اساس 3 مدل اشاره شده در این پژوهش، تحت تأثیر قرار دادند.
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