The Effect of Restricted Nutrition on Ewe Milking Performance and Lamb Growth Characteristics in Creep Feeding Conditions

محورهای موضوعی : Camel

M. Yıldırır ¹ ( International Center for Livestock Research and Training, Ankara, Turkey )
H.I. Akbağ ² ( Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey )
İ.Y. Yurtman ³ ( Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey )

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/06/23 تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/01/11 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/06/10

کلید واژه: Sheep, Milk, creep feeding, restricted nutrition,

چکیده مقاله :

Nutrient deficiency during lactation period negatively affects dams milk production and lamb growth performance. However, the effect of ewe nutrition level on growth rate of Karacabey Merino lambs raised with access to creep feeding is not clear. Therefore to study these effects, a total of 84 single lambed Karacabey Merino ewes (aged 3, 4, 5 years old, 68.05±0.96 kg of live weight (LW); 2.64±0.07 of body condition scores (BCS)), and their lambs (n=84) were divided into two feeding treatment groups: group with 32-35% (energy and protein) nutrient restriction (restricted feeding; RF) and control (control feeding; CF) group according to 100% of nutrient requirements. Lambs had free access to concentrate feed in creep feeding conditions until 96 days of weaning. Lactation milk yield was higher in CF group than RF group (P=0.01). Except for milk fat content (P=0.495), milking characteristics as daily milk yield, protein, lactose, and non-fat solids (NFS) contents of milk were found higher (P≤0.001) in CF group than RF group. Significant interaction was observed between feeding treatment groups (RF and CF) with lamb gender on the daily weight gain (P=0.01) and weaning weight (P=0.036) of the lambs. Male lambs in CF group were heavier than male lambs in RF group (P=0.01) while female lambs in both groups had similar weaning weight (P>0.05). Growth performance of male lambs was negatively affected by restricted nutrition of their dams, while no significant difference was observed in female lambs. Restricted ewe nutrition negatively affects the potential growth rate of suckling lambs in creep feeding condition.

منابع و مأخذ:

Akbulut N.K., Harman H., Kal Y. and Kırbaş M. (2021). Examination of blood cortisol and some parameters at parturition and on 30^th day postpartum in single and twin-pregnant ewes. Livest. Stud. 61(2), 55-59.

Akgündüz V., Ak İ., Deligözoğlu F., Karabulut A. and Filya İ. (1993). Effects of different protein sources on fattening performance and carcass characteristics of Merino male lambs conducted to intensive fattening. Lalahan Hayvan. Araşt. Derg. 33(1), 28-48.

Alexandre G., Archimede H., Chevaux E., Aumont G. and Xande A. (2001). Feeding supply of suckling Martinik ewes reared in intensive conditions effects of supplement levels and litter size. Ann. Zootech. 50, 213-221.

Altınel A., Güneş H., Yılmaz A., Kırmızıbayrak T. and Akgündüz V. (2000). Comparison of the important production traits of Turkish Merino and indigenous Kıvırcık sheep breed. J. İstanbul Univ. Vet. Fac. 26(2), 527-542.

Angeles-Hernandez J.C., Alberto R.V., Kebreab E., Appuhamy J.A.R.N., Dougherty H.C., Castelan-Ortega O. and Gonzalez-Ronquillo M. (2020). Effect of forage to concentrate ratio and fat supplementation on milk composition in dairy sheep: A meta-analysis. Livest. Sci. 238, 104069.

AOAC. (1985). Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I. 13^th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.

Başpınar H., Oğan M., Batmaz E.S., Petek M. and Karamustafaoğlu M. (1996). An investigation on the main production performances of Karacabey Merino sheep under semi-intensive conditions. I. Fertility traits, milk production and body weight at mating. J. Cent. Anim. Res. Inst. 6(1), 40-44.

Batmaz E.S. and Başpınar H. (1999). A study on the decrease lambing interval of Karacabey Merino sheep under semi-intensive conditions. Turkish J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 23(4), 665-672.

Brand T.S. and Brundyn L. (2015). Effect of supplementary feeding to ewes and suckling lambs on ewe and lamb live weights while grazing wheat stubble. South African J. Anim. Sci. 45(1), 89-95.

Brett D.J., Cornett J.L. and Inskip M.W. (1972). Estimation of the energy value of ewe milk. Proc. Australian Soc. Anim. Prod. 9, 286-291.

Caja G. and Bocquier F. (2001). Effects of nutrition on the composition of sheep's milk. Pp. 210 in Sheep and Goat Nutrition: Intake, Digestion, Quality of Products and Rangelands. I. Ledin, Ed. CIHEAM Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.

Calderia R.M., Belo A.T., Santos C.C., Vazques M.I. Portugal A.V. (2007). The effect of long-term feed restriction and over-nutrition on body condition score, blood metabolites and hormonal profiles in ewes. Small Rumin. Res. 68, 242-255.

Cannas A. (2004). Feeding of lactating ewes. Pp. 79-108 Dairy Sheep Nutrition. G. Pulina, Ed. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, United Kingdom.

Chillard Y., Bocquier F. and Doreau M. (1998). Digestive and metabolic adaptations of ruminants to under nutrition, and consequences on reproduction. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 38, 131-152.

Ciuryk S., Molik E., Kaczor U. and Bonczar G. (2004). Chemical composition of colostrum and milk of Polish Merino sheep lambing at different times. Arch. Tierz. 47, 129-134.

Croston D. and Pollott G. (1994). Animal Resources in Planned Sheep Production. Blackwell Science Publication, United Kingdom.

Degen A.A. and Benjamin R.W. (2005). Milk and herbage intakes and growth rate of lambs from 32 to 130 days of age raised on natural pasture in the semi-arid Negev. Small Rumin. Res. 58, 39-45.

Economides S. (1986). Comparative studies of sheep and goats: Milk yield and composition and growth rate of lambs and kids. J. Agric. Sci. 106, 477-484.

Galvani D.B., Pires C.C., Hübner C.H., Carvalho S. and Wommer T.P. (2014). Growth performance and carcass traits of early-weanedlambs as affected by the nutritional regimen of lactating ewes. Small Rumin. Res. 120, 1-5.

Hernandez T.G. and Hohenboken W. (1980). Relationships between ewe milk production and composition and pre-weaning lamb weight gain. J. Anim. Sci. 50, 597-603.

Hutton P.G., Kenyon P.R., Bedi M.K., Kemp P.D., Stafford K.J., West D.M. and Morris S.T. (2011). A herb and legume sward mix increased ewe milk production and ewe and lamb live weight gain to weaning compared to a ryegrass dominant sward. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 164, 1-7.

Jandal J.M. (1996). Comperative aspects of goat and sheep milk. Small Rumin. Res. 22, 177-185.

Kiani A. (2013). Plasma levels of anabolic hormones in suckling lambs are affected by late gestational nutrition. Iranian J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 3(4), 755-760.

Köycü E., Sezenler T., Özder M. and Karadağ O. (2008). The relationship between body weight and body condition score in Karacabey Merino ewes. J. Tekirdağ Agric. Fac. 5(1), 61-65.

Koyuncu M. (2008). Growth performance and carcass quality of fattening lambs of Kıvırcık and Karacabey Merino breeds. Livest. Res. Rural Dev. 20, 12-24.

Koyuncu M. and Uzun Ş.K. (2009). Growth performance of Karacabey Merino and Kıvırcık lambs under semi-intensive management in Turkey. Small Rumin. Res. 83, 64-66.

Martin G.B. and Kadokawa H. (2006). Clean, green and ethical’ animal production. case study. Reproductive efficiency in small ruminants. J. Reprod. Dev. 52, 145-152.

Martínez M.E., de la Barra R. and de la Fuente F. (2015). Effect of early creep feeding in the performance of Chilota breed lambs. J. Livest. Sci. 6(11), 56-64.

Molik E., Murawski M., Bonczar G. and Wierzchoś E. (2008). Effect of genotype on yield and chemical composition of sheep milk. Anim. Sci. Pap. Rep. 26(3), 211-218.

Nickerson S.C. (1995). Milk production: Factors affecting milk composition. Pp. 3-24 in Milk Quality, F. Harding, Ed. Springer, Boston, Massachusetts.

NRC. (2007). Nutrient Requirements of Sheep. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.

Nudda A., Atzori A.S., Correddu F., Battacone G., Lunesu M.F., Cannas A. and Pulina G. (2020). Effects of nutrition on main components of sheep milk. Small Rumin. Res. 184, 106015-106024.

Ochoa-Cordero M.A., Torres-Hernandez G., Ochoa-Alfaro A.E., Vega-Roque L. and Mandeville P.B. (2002). Milk yield and composition of Rambouillet ewes under intensive management. Small Rumin. Res. 43, 269-274.

Oğan M. (1994). Possibilites of improving important production characteristics of Karacabey Merino through selection. I. performance levels for different characteristics. Livest. Stud. J. 34(1), 47-58.

Özcan L. (1989). Küçükbaş Hayvan Yetiştirme-II. Çukurova Üniversitesi. Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Adana, Turkey.

Özcan M., Ekiz B., Yılmaz A. and Ceyhan A. (2004). The effects of some environmental factors affecting on the growth and greasy fleece yield at first shearing of Turkish merino (Karacabey Merino) lambs. J. Fac. Vet. Med. Istanbul Univ. 30(2), 159-167.

Park Y.W., Ju´arez M., Ramos M. and Haenlein G.F.W. (2007). Physico-chemical characteristics of goat and sheep milk. Small Rumin. Res. 68, 88-113.

Ploumi K., Belibasaki S. and Triantaphyllidis G. (1998). Some factors affecting daily milk yield and composition in a flock of Chios ewes. Small Rumin. Res. 28, 89-92.

Pulina G., Macciotta N. and Nudda A. (2005). Milk composition and feeding in the Italian dairy sheep. Italian J. Anim. Sci. 4, 5-14.

Pulina G., Nudda A., Battacone G., Dimauro C., Mazzette A., Bomboi G. and Floris B. (2012). Effects of short-term feed restriction on milk yield and composition, and hormone and metabolite profiles in mid-lactation Sarda dairy sheep with different body condition score. Italian J. Anim. Sci. 11(2), 150-158.

Ribeiro D.M., Madeira M.S., Kilminster T., Scanlon T., Oldham C., Greeff J., Freire J.P.B., Mourato M.P., Prates J.A.M. and Almeida A.M. (2019). Amino acid profiles of muscle and liver tissues of Australian Merino, Damara and Dorper lambs under restricted feeding. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 103(5), 1295-1302.

Russel A.J.F., Doney J.M. and Gunn R.G. (1969). Subjective assessment of body fat in live sheep. J. Agric. Sci. 72, 451-454.

SAS Institute. (2014). SAS^®/STAT Software, Release 9.1.3. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.

Sevi A., Taibi L., Albenzio M., Muscio A. and Annicchiarico G. (2000). Effect of parity on milk yield, composition, somatic cell count, renneting parameters and bacteria counts of Comisana ewes. Small Rumin. Res. 37, 99-107.

Sezenler T., Soysal D., Yıldırır M., Yüksel M.A., Ceyhan A., Yaman Y., Erdoğan İ. and Karadağ, O. (2013). Influence of some environmental factors on litter size and lamb growth performance in Karacabey Merino sheep. J. Tekirdag Agric. Fac. 10(1), 40-47.

Tekin M. and Akçapınar H. (1994). The comparison of growth, fattening and carcass characteristics of Turkish Merino and Lincoln x Turkish Merino and Lincoln (F1) lambs. I. Growth and survival rate. Turkish J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 18, 181-187.

Titi H.H. and Obeidat B.S. (2008). Effects of Ca salt supplementation on milk yield and composition and on lamb growth rate of Awassi ewes. Livest. Sci. 119, 154-160.

TSE. (1991). Metabolic Energy Estimation in Animal Feed (Chemical method), TSE 9610, Ankara, Turkey.

TSMS. (2019). Turkish State Meteorological Service. WebMD. https://mgm.gov.tr/ Accessed Dec. 2020.

Van Soest P.V., Robertson J.B. and Lewis B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74, 3583-3597.

Wilson L.L., Varela-Alvarez H., Hess C.E. and Rugh M.C. (1971). Influence of energy level, creep feeding and lactation stage on ewe milk and lamb growth characters. J. Anim. Sci. 33(3), 686-690.

Yalçın B.C. (1986). Sheep and goats in Turkey. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Animal Production and Health Paper, Rome, Italy.

Yılmaz A. and Altınel A. (2003). The effects of some environmental factors affecting on the milk production and growth characteristics of the German Black-Headed Mutton × Fj (Chios×Kıvırcık) crossbreds in comparison with Kıvırcık and Turkish Merinos. J. Fac. Vet. Med. Istanbul Univ. 29(2), 259-266.