Dietary Inclusion of Thyme Essential Oil Alleviative Effects of Heat Stress on Growth Performance and Immune System of Broiler Chicks
محورهای موضوعی : Camelک. رافت خفار 1 , ع. مجتهدین 2 , ن. رستگار 3 , م. کلوانی نیتلی 4 , ع. الفتی 5
1 - Department of Animal Physiology, Sulaimani Technical Institute, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
2 - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources Moghan, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, Abouraihan Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
4 - Department of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agriculture Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
5 - Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
کلید واژه: performance, immunity, heat stress, broiler chicks, blood metabolites,
چکیده مقاله :
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of thyme essential oil (TEO) on growth performance and immune responses of broiler chicks subjected to heat stress (HS). Broilers were divided into five groups; group 1) chicks fed with basal diet and reared under thermoneutral condition; group 2) chicks fed with basal diet and subjected to HS condition; and groups 3, 4 and 5) chicks exposed to HS and fed with basal diet containing 100, 150 and 200 mg TEO/kg of diet, respectively. Broiler chicks were evaluated for antibody titre against sheep red blood cell (SRBC) on 35 and 42 days. Broiler chicks were bled at the end of the experiment (day 42) for blood metabolites measurements. Heat stress increased feed conversion ratio and mortality and decreased body weight gain and feed intake (P<0.05). Dietary inclusion of TEO at 150 and 200 mg/kg of diet alleviated negative effects of HS on growth performance (P<0.05). Heat stress increased the serum concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, corticosterone, malondialdehyde and heterophil count (P<0.05) and reduced antibody titre against SRBC, lymphocyte count and lymphoid organs weight (P<0.05). Dietary inclusion of TEO at 150 and 200 mg/kg of diet reversed negative effects of HS on blood biochemical metabolites and immune responses (P<0.05). In conclusion, thyme essential oil supplementation at 150 and 200 mg kg of diet can be advised for improving the growth performance and immune responses of broiler chicks in heat stress condition.
استرس گرمایی به عنوان تغییر دهنده عملکرد رشد و سیستم ایمنی شناخته میشود. گیاهان دارویی به عنوان بهبود دهنده رشد و ایمنی استفاده میشوند. بنابراین، این آزمایش به منظور بررسی اثرات بهبود دهنده افزودن روغن ضروری گیاه آویشن به جیره بر عملکرد رشد و سیستم ایمنی جوجههای گوشتی تحت استرس گرمایی طراحی گردید. جوجههای گوشتی به پنج گروه تقسیم شدند؛ 1) جوجهها جیره پایه دریافت کرده و تحت شرایط دمایی نرمال قرار داشتند، 2) جوجهها جیره پایه دریافت کرده همراه با شرایط استرس گرمایی، 3، 4 و 5) جوجههای گوشتی به ترتیب جیره پایه شامل 100، 150 و 200 میلیگرم روغن ضروری آویشن/کیلوگرم وزن بدن دریافت کرده و تحت شرایط استرس گرمایی قرار داشتند. جوجههای گوشتی در روزهای 35 و 42 آزمایش از جهت بررسی تولید آنتی‌بادی علیه گلبول‌های قرمز گوسفند مورد ارزیابی واقع شدند. همچنین در روز 42 آزمایش از جوجههای گوشتی به منظور بررسی پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی خون نمونه تهیه شد. استرس گرمایی میزان ضریب تبدیل غذایی و نرخ مرگ و میر را افزایش و باعث کاهش نرخ رشد و مصرف غذا گردید (05/0P<). افزودن روغن ضروری آویشن در سطوح 150 و 200 میلیگرم/کیلوگرم وزن بدن موجب بهبود اثرات منفی استرس گرمایی بر عملکرد رشد شد (05/0P<). استرس گرمایی باعث افزایش سطوح سرمی کلسترول، تری گلیسرید، کورتیکواستروئید، مالون دی آلدئید و میزان هتروفیل خون گردید (05/0P<)، و همچنین باعث کاهش تولید آنتی‌بادی علیه گلبول‌های قرمز گوسفند، میزان لنفوسیت خون و وزن ارگانهای لنفاوی شد (05/0P<). افزودن روغن ضروری آویشن به جیره در سطوح 150 و 200 میلیگرم/کیلوگرم وزن بدن باعث بهبود اثرات منفی استرس گرمایی بر پارامترهای بیوشیمیای خون و پاسخهای ایمینی گردید (05/0P<). روغن ضروری آویشن به جیره در سطوح 150 و 200 میلیگرم/کیلوگرم وزن بدن میتواند به عنوان بهبود دهنده عملکرد رشد و پاسخهای ایمنی در پرورش جوجههای گوشتی در مناطق گرمسیری توصیه شود.
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