Effect of Probiotic Administration Route and Dietary Nutrient Density on Growth Performance, Gut Health, and some Hematological Variables in Healthy or Eimeria Infected Broiler Chickens
محورهای موضوعی : Camel
ف. خلیق
1
(Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran)
ا. حسن‌آبادی
2
(Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran)
ح. نصری-مقدم
3
(Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran)
ا. گلیان
4
(Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran)
غ.ع. کلیدری
5
(Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran)
کلید واژه: Broiler, Probiotic, nutrient density, Coccidiosis, <i>in ovo</i> injection,
چکیده مقاله :
This experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotic administration route (PAR),dietary nutrient density (DND) and Eimeria challenge (ECH) on performance, gut morphology, and hematological variables in broiler chickens. Eggs carrying 17.5-day-old broiler embryos were injected with 0.1 mL distilled water (vehicle control) or 0.1 mL distilled water containing probiotic. A group of 72 intact eggs was also included in the experimental design representing un-injected control. Hatchlings from intact and probiotic injected eggs were further evaluated in a 42-d floor-pen trial along with 465 additional hatchmate chicks. Chicks were placed in two environmentally controlled houses, each having 30 floor pens randomly assigned to the following six treatments: conventional chicks receiving a standard diet with (group 1) or without (group 2) probiotic; conventional chicks receiving a 5% diluted diet with (group 3) or without (group 4) probiotic; and in ovo probiotic-administered chicks receiving standard diet (group 5) or 5% diluted diet (group 6). All birds in one of the houses were inoculated with a pathogenic dose of an attenuated live Eimeria vaccine at 28 d. Chicks receiving in ovo probiotic showed reductions in hatch weight and yolk sac weight compared to control (P<0.05); the same group, however, had a significantly higher weight gain (WG) during the first 10 days post-hatch but this improvement disappeared with age. Groups receiving standard diet exhibited better growth performance than those fed the 5% diluted diet. Eimeria challenge caused significant adverse effects on performance traits, intestinal morphology, and hematological variables. It is concluded that neither PAR nor DND could alleviate Eimeria induced deteriorations in productivity and health of broiler chickens.
این آزمایش با هدف ارزیابی تأثیر روش تجویز پروبیوتیک (PAR)، تراکم مواد مغذی جیره (DND) و چالش آیمریا (ECH) بر عملکرد، ریخت‌شناسی روده و متغیرهای خونی جوجه‌های گوشتی انجام شد. تخم مرغ‌های دارای جنین‌های 5/17 روزه با 1/0 میلی‌لیتر آب مقطر (شاهد حامل) یا 1/0 میلی‌لیتر آب مقطر حاوی پروبیوتیک مورد تزریق قرار گرفتند. همچنین 72 عدد تخم مرغ دست نخورده نیز به عنوان گروه شاهد تزریق نشده، در آزمایش گنجانده شد. برای بررسی‌های بیشتر، جوجه‌های خارج شده از تخم‌مرغ‌های شاهد دست نخورده و تخم مرغ‌های دریافت‌کننده پروبیوتیک همراه با تعداد 465 قطعه جوجه از همان خواب ستر و گله مادر، طی یک آزمایش پن-بستر 42 روزه مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. جوجه‌ها در دو سالن با شرایط محیطی کنترل شده مستقر شدند. هر یک از سالن‌ها دارای 30 عدد پن بودند که این پن‌ها به طور تصادفی به 6 گروه تیماری زیر اختصاص یافتند: جوجه‌های عادی دریافت‌کننده جیره استاندارد با پروبیوتیک (گروه 1) یا بدون آن (گروه 2)، جوجه‌های عادی دریافت کننده جیره 5 درصد رقیق شده، با پروبیوتیک (گروه 3) یا بدون آن (گروه 4) و جوجه‌های دریافت‌کننده پروبیوتیک به روش تزریق درون‌تخم مرغی و تغذیه شده با جیره استاندارد (گروه 5) یا با جیره 5 درصد رقیق شده (گروه 6). کلیه پرنده‌های یکی از سالن‌ها در سن 28 روزگی با دز پاتوژنیک از واکسن زنده (تخفیف حدت یافته) آیمریاتلقیح شدند. وزن تفریخ و وزن کیسه زرده جوجه‌هایی که پروبیوتیک را به روش درون‌تخم مرغی دریافت کرده بودند، در مقایسه با جوجه‌های شاهد کاهش یافته بود (05/0>P)؛ با این وجود، گروه یاد شده دارای بیشترین مقدار افزایش وزن بدن در 10 روز نخست پساتفریخ بود؛ هر چند این بهبود در سنین بالاتر مشاهده نشد. گروه‌های دریافت‌کننده جیره استاندارد در مقایسه با گروه‌های دریافت کننده جیره 5 درصد رقیق شده، عملکرد رشد بهتری داشتند. چالش آیمریا اثرات منفی معنی‌داری بر صفات عملکردی، ریخت‌شناسی روده و متغیرهای خون‌شناختی داشت. روی هم رفته، PAR و DND اثرات زیان‌بار ناشی از عفونت آیمریا بر عملکرد تولیدی و سلامت جوجه‌های گوشتی را کاهش ندادند.
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