Evaluation of Chemical Characteristics and Effects of Different Manganese Sources on Kinetics of Manganese Absorption and Performance of Broiler Chickens
محورهای موضوعی : Camel
ف. خاکپور ایرانی
1
(
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
)
ح. جانمحمدی
2
(
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
)
ر. کیانفر
3
(
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
)
م. صحرائی
4
(
Department of Animal Science, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ardabil, Iran
)
کلید واژه: absorption, Broiler, bioavailability, chemical characteristics, everted gut sac,
چکیده مقاله :
Three experiments wereconducted to evaluate chemical characteristics, intestinal absorption and bioavailability of manganese(Mn)from organic, inorganic and nano sources of Mn. In experiment 1, inorganic sources of Mn including Mn-sulphate and Mn-oxide, organic sources of Mn as Mn-glycinate and Mn-bioplex and FRA® easy dry Mn as a nano source of Mn were subjected to elemental analysis and solubility in deionized water, 0.4% hydrochloric acid, 2% citric acid and neutral ammonium citrate. In the experiment 2, intestinal absorption of Mn from these sources was investigated by in vitro everted gut sacs technique in broiler chicks. In the experiment 3, the bioavailability of Mn-sulphate, Mn-Glycinate and FRA® easy dry Mn was determined in chicks fed a corn-soybean meal-basal diet that was supplemented with 0, 40, 100, and 160 mg of Mn from these sources per kg of diet based on body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) for 21 days from d 7 to 28. The results showed Mn-sulfate dissolved completely in all solvents. The solubility of all Mn sources was the lowest and the highest in deionized water and neutral ammonium citrate, respectively. The uptake percentages of Mn as nano Mn and Mn-oxide were significantly the highest and the lowest by duodenal and jejunal sacs, respectively. Mn as either Mn-Glycinate or nano Mn was absorbed more efficiently than Mn from other sources by ileal sacs. Amoung organic and inorganic sources, Mn-Glycinate and Mn-sulfate had the higher Mn absorption, respectively. BWG, FI and FCR did not affect by either Mn level or source. We concluded that ileum was the main site of Mn absorption for broilers and among different Mn sources, Mn-Glycinate and nano Mn had the highest Mn absorption. Furthermore, growth was not appropriate criteria to assess bioavailability of different Mn sources.
سه آزمایش برای ارزیابی خصوصیات شیمیایی، جذب رودهای و زیستفراهمی منابع مختلف آلی، غیر آلی و نانو‌منگنز انجام شد. در آزمایش 1، منابع غیر آلی منگنز شامل سولفات منگنز و اکسید منگنز، منابع آلی شامل منگنز-گلایسینات و بایوپلکس منگنز و FRA® easy dry Mn به عنوان منبع نانو منگنز تحت آنالیز مواد معدنی و حلالیت در آب مقطر دوبار تقطیر شده، هیدروکلریدریک اسید 4/0 درصد، اسید سیتریک 2 درصد و آمونیوم سیترات خنثی قرار گرفت. در آزمایش 2، جذب رودهای منگنز از این منابع با تکنیک آزمایشگاهی (in vitro) قطعات وارونه شده روده مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در آزمایش 3، زیستفراهمی سولفات منگنز، منگنز-گلایسینات و FRA® easy dry Mn در جوجههای تغذیه شده با جیرههایی بر پایه ذرت-کنجاله سویا که با سطوح 0، 40، 100 و 160 میلیگرم منگنز در کیلوگرم جیره از این منابع مکملسازی شده بودند، بر اساس افزایش وزن بدن، مصرف خوراک و ضریب تبدیل خوراک به مدت 21 روز (از روز 7 تا 28) تعیین شد. نتایج نشان داد سولفات منگنز به طور کامل در تمامی حلالها حل شد. حلالیت تمام منابع منگنز در آب مقطر دوبار تقطیر شده و آمونیوم سیترات خنثی به ترتیب کمترین و بیشترین مقدار بود. درصد جذب منگنز از منابع نانو منگنز و اکسید منگنز در قطعات دئودنوم و ژوژنوم به ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین مقدار بود. منگنز-گلایسینات و نانو منگنز نسبت به سایر منابع منگنز جذب کارآمدتری در قطعات ایلئومی داشتند. در بین منابع آلی و غیر آلی منگنز، منگنز-گلایسینات و سولفات منگنز به ترتیب بیشترین میزان جذب را داشتند. افزایش وزن بدن، مصرف خوراک و ضریب تبدیل خوراک تحت تأثیر سطح یا منبع منگنز قرار نگرفت. ما نتیجه گرفتیم که محل اصلی جذب منگنز در جوجههای گوشتی ایلئوم بود و در میان منابع مختلف منگنز، منگنز-گلایسینات و نانو منگنز دارای بیشترین میزان جذب بودند. علاوه بر این، رشد معیار مناسبی برای ارزیابی زیستفراهمی منابع مختلف منگنز نبود.
Ammerman C.B., Baker D.H. and Lewis A.J. (1995). Bioavailability of Nutrients for Animals Amino Acids, Minerals, and Vitamins. Academic Press, Massachusetts, USA.
Angel R. (2007). Metabolic disorders: limitations to growth of and mineral deposition into the broiler skeleton after hatch and potential implications for leg problems. J. App. Poult. Res. 16, 138-149.
AOAC. (2000). Official Methods of Analysis. 17th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.
Bai S.P., Lu L., Luo V. and Liu B. (2008). Kinetics of manganese absorption in ligated small intestinal segments of broilers. Poult. Sci. 87, 2596-2604.
Bai S.P., Lu L., Wang R.L., Xi L., Zhang L.Y. and Luo X.G. (2012). Manganese source affects manganese transport and gene expression of divalent metal transporter 1 in the small intestine of broilers. Br. J. Nutr. 108, 267-276.
Black J.R., Ammerman C.B., Henry R.P. and Miles R.D. (1984). Biological availability of manganese sources and effects of high dietary manganese on tissue mineral composition of broiler-type chicks. Poult. Sci. 63, 1999-2006.
Brooks M.A., Grimes J.L., Lloyd K.E., Valdez F. and Spears J.W. (2012). Relative bioavailability in chicks of manganese from manganese propionate. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 21, 126-130.
Cao J., Henry P.R., Guo R., Holwerda R.A., Toth J.P., Little R.C., Miles R.D. and Ammerman C.B. (2000). Chemical characteristics and relative bioavialability of supplemental organic zinc sources for poultry and ruminants. J. Anim. Sci. 78, 2039-2054.
Davda J. and Labhasetwar V. (2002). Characterization of nanoparticle uptake by endothelial cells. Int. J. Pharm. 233, 51-59.
Ji F., Luo X.G., Lu L., Liu B. and Yu S.Y. (2006a). Effects of manganese source and calcium on manganese uptake by in vitro everted gut sacs of broilers’ intestinal segments. Poult. Sci. 85, 1217-1225.
Ji F., Luo X.G., Lu L., Liu B. and Yu S.Y. (2006b). Effects of manganese source on manganese absorption by the intestine of broilers. Poult. Sci. 85, 1947-1952.
Leach G.A. and Patton R.S. (1997). Analysis techniques for chelated minerals evaluated. Feedstuffs. 69, 13-15.
Ledoux D.R., Henry P.R., Ammerman C.B., Rao P.V. and Miles R.D. (1991). Estimation of the relative bioavailability of inorganic copper sources for chicks using tissue uptake of copper. J. Anim. Sci. 69, 215-222.
Li S., Luo X., Liu B., Crenshaw T.D., Kuang X., Shao G. and Yu S. (2004). Use of chemical characteristics to predict the relative bioavailability of supplemental organic manganese sources for broilers. J. Anim. Sci. 82, 2352-2363.
Li S., Luo X.G., Lu L., Crenshaw T.D., Bu Y.Q., Liu B., Kuang X., Shao G.Z. and Yu S.X. (2005). Bioavailability of organic manganese sources in broilers fed high dietary calcium. Anim.. Feed Sci. Technol. 123, 703-715.
Li S., Lu L., Hao S., Wang Y., Zhang L., Liu S., Liu B., Li K. and Luo X. (2011). Dietary manganese modulates expression of the manganese-containing superoxide dismutase gene in chickens. J. Nutr. 141, 189-194.
Mohapatra P., Swai R.K., Mishra S.K., Behera T., Swain P., Mishra S.S., Behura N.C., Sabat S.C., Sethy K., Dhama K. and Jayasankar P. (2014). Effects of dietary nano selenium on tissue selenium deposition, antioxidant status and immune function in layer chicks. Int. J. Pharmacol. 10, 160-167.
Moshtaghie A.A., Badii A.A. and Hassanzadeh T. (2006). Investigation of manganese and iron absorption by rat everted gut sac. Pakistan J. Biol. Sci. 9, 1346-1349.
Nollet L., Van der klis J., Lensing M. and Spring P. (2007). The effect of replacing inorganic with organic trace minerals in broiler diets on productive performance and mineral excretion. J. App. Poult. Res. 16, 592-597.
Rostango H.S., Teixeira Aalbino L.F., Donzele J.L., Gomez P.C., Oliveria R.F.D., Lopes D.C., Ferreira A.S., Toledo Barreto S.L. and Euclides R.F. (2011). Brazalian Tables for Poultry and Swine. Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazal.
Rubio Zapata N.K. (2016). Effect of Increasing Levels of Dietary Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn), and Copper (Cu) from Organic and Inorganic Sources on Egg Quality and Egg Zn, Mn, and Cu Content in Laying Hens. MSc, Louisiana State Univ. Zamorano.
SAS Institute. (2003). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9.3. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Sirirat N., Lu J., Alex Tsung-Yu H., Shih-Yi C. and Tu-Fa L. (2012). Effects different levels of nanoparticles chromium picolinate supplementation on growth performance, mineral retention and immune responses in broiler chickens. J. Agric. Sci. 12, 48-58.
Wang F., Lin L., Sufen L., Songbai L., Liyang Z., Junhu Y. and Xugang L. (2012). Relative bioavailability of manganese proteinate for broilers Fed a conventional corn soybean meal diet. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 146, 181-186.
Yan F. and Waldroup P.W. (2006). Evaluation of Mintrex® manganes as a source of manganese for young broilers. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 5, 708-713.
Yu Y., Lu L., Luo X.G. and Liu B. (2008).Kinetics of zinc absorption by in situ ligated intestinal loops of broilers involved in zinc transporters. Poult. Sci. 87, 1146-1155.
Zaboli K.H., Aliarabi H., Bahari A.A. and Abbasalipourkabir R. (2013). Role of dietary nano zinc oxide on growth performance and blood levels of mineral. A study on in Iranian Angora (Markhoz) goat kids. J. Pharm. Health Sci. 2, 19-26.
Zha L., Zeng J., Sun S., Deng H., Luo H. and Li W. (2008). Chromium (III) nanoparticles affect hormone and immune responses in heat-stressed rats. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 129, 157-169.
Zhang J.S., Gao X.Y., Zhang L.D. and Bao Y.P. (2001). Biological effects of a nano red elemental selenium. Biofactors. 15, 27-38.
