Effect of Peppermint (Mentha piperita) Powder on Immune Response of Broiler Chickens in Heat Stress
محورهای موضوعی : Camel
س. عرب عامری
1
(Department of Animal Science, University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources of Gorgan, Gorgan, Iran)
ف. صمدی
2
(Department of Animal Science, University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources of Gorgan, Gorgan, Iran)
ب. دستار
3
(Department of Animal Science, University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources of Gorgan, Gorgan, Iran)
س. زره داران
4
(Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran)
کلید واژه: Broiler, Peppermint, immune system, heat stress,
چکیده مقاله :
To study the effect of different levels of peppermint (Mentha piperita) plant powder, on immune system of broilers under heat stress condition, 192 one-day old chickens (Ross, 308) were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments with 4 replicates of 12 chicks each, using a completely randomized design. The four groups were characterized by a basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with 1 and 2 percent peppermint powder and basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg vitamin E. Heat stress was created by setting room temperature at 34 ˚C for 8 hour/day from the 35th to the 42nd day of experiment. Results showed differences (P<0.05) for feed conversion ratio (FCR) at 21 days and body weight (BW) at 42 days of the experiment. Birds treated by 2 percent peppermint powder and 1 percent peppermint powder showed higher and lower body weight gain, respectively, at 21 days of age, when compared with birds fed basal diet and vitamin E. A significantly higher level of total Ig, IgM and IgG was found for peppermint powder than other treatment groups at 35 days and 42 days of age. Significant interactions were observed between diet and sex on IgG at 35 days of the experiment (P<0.05). There were significant (P<0.05) differences among the treatments for total white blood cells, lymphocytes, heterophils, heterophils to lymphocytes ratio at 42 days of experiment and 2 percent peppermint powder increased total white blood cells values compared to basal diet and vitamin E. The peppermint powder significantly made a difference for serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, globulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDLC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDLC) and very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDLC)at 21days and 42 days of age (P<0.05). Blood serum concentration of HDLC increased by peppermint powder treatment, whereas they were lower for basal diet and vitamin E at 42 days of age. Liver weight was higher and lower in 1 percent peppermint powder and basal diet treated groups, respectively (P<0.05). In general, results indicated that supplementation of peppermint powder in the diet did not improve bursa of fabricius and spleen weight of broiler chicken, but ha an antioxidative potential to improve oxidative stability and immune response.
برای مطالعه تأثیر سطوح مختلف پودر گیاه نعناع فلفلی بر سیستم ایمنی جوجه‌های گوشتی در شرایط تنش گرمایی، تعداد 192 قطعه جوجه یکروزه (راس، 308) به طور تصادفی به 4 تیمار غذایی با 4 تکرار و 12 جوجه در هر تکرار در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی اختصاص داده شد. تیمارهای غذایی شامل جیره پایه (شاهد)، جیره پایه مکمل شده با 1 و 2 درصد پودر نعناع فلفلی و جیره پایه مکمل شده با 300 میلیگرم ویتامین E در هر کیلوگرم جیره بودند. جهت اعمال تنش گرمایی، دمای سالن از روز 35 تا 42 پرورش، روزانه به مدت 8 ساعت در دمای 34 درجه سانتی­گراد تنظیم گردید. نتایج تفاوت معنی­داری برای ضریب تبدیل خوراک در روز 21 و برای افزایش وزن بدن در روز 42 آزمایش نشان داد )05/0 .(P<پرندههای تیمار شده با 2 و 1 درصد پودر نعناع فلفلی به ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین افزایش وزن بدن را در روز 21 آزمایش در مقایسه با پرندههای تغذیه شده با جیره پایه و جیره پایه مکمل شده با ویتامین E نشان دادند. بیشترین سطح معنیداری ایمنوگلوبین کل، ایمنوگلوبین M و ایمنوگلوبین G برای پودر نعناع فلفلی در مقایسه با سایر تیمارها در روزهای 35 و 42 مشاهده شد. اثر متقابل معنیداری بین تیمار و جنس بر ایمنوگلوبین G در روزهای 35 آزمایش مشاهده شد (05/0P<). تفاوت معنیداری بین تیمارها برای کل گلبول­های سفید، لنفوسیت، هتروفیل و نسبت هتروفیل به لنفوسیت در روز 42 آزمایش مشاهد شد. در این زمینه، 2 درصد پودر نعناع فلفلی نسبت به جیره پایه و جیره پایه مکمل شده با ویتامین E منجر تعداد کل گلبول های سفید را افزایش داد (05/0P<). تیمار مکمل شده با پودر نعناع فلفلی منجر به تفاوت معنیداری برای پروتیئن کل، آلبومین، گلوبولین، تری گلیسرید، کلسترول کل، HDL، LDL و VLDL در روزهای 21 و 42 شد (05/0P<). پودر نعناع فلفلی غلظت HDL سرم خون را افزایش داد، در حالی که غلظت فوق در تیمار شاهد و جیره مکمل شده با ویتامین E در روزهای 42 کاهش یافت. به ترتیب، بیشترین و کمترین وزن کبد در گروههای تیمار شده با 1 درصد پودر نعناع فلفلی و جیره پایه مشاهد شد (05/0P<). بطور کلی این مطالعه نشان داد که مکمل شدن پودر نعناع فلفلی در جیره وزن بورس فابرسیوس و طحال جوجه‌های گوشتی را بهبود نداد اما با پتانسیل آنتیاکسیدانی، ثبات اکسیداتیو و پاسخ ایمنی را بهبود بخشید.
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