Effects of Four Diet Structure and Two Protein Percentage Content on Growth Performance and Biometric Measurements of Holstein Calves
محورهای موضوعی : Camelع. شاهورانی 1 , 1. سراج 2 , ک. جعفری خورشیدی 3
1 - گروه علوم دامی- دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد قایم شهر
2 - Department of Animal Science, Islamic Azad University, Azad shahr Branch, Azad shahr, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, Islamic Azad University, Gayemshahr Branch, Qayemshahr, Iran
کلید واژه: Protein, growth performance, starter, biometric measurements, diet structure,
چکیده مقاله :
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different diet structure and protein levels on the growth performance and biometric measurements of male Holstein calves during starter period (from 1 to 60 days of age). In this experiment, 56 Holstein male calves were randomly divided into a 4 × 2 factorial experimental design with 4 levels of diet structure (grinding, nutty, pelleted and grain) and 2 levels of protein (22 and 24%) in a completely randomized design with 8 treatments and 7 replications. The measured traits were: body weight gain, average daily feed intake, body temperature, biometric measurements (height, chest girth, length and width), blood parameters (glucose and beta hydroxyl butyrate), fecal score and rumen fatty acids. The results showed that average feed intake, body weight and glucose and beta-hydroxyl butyric acid concentration in the blood at two levels of protein, had no differences. But the structure of feed mostly influenced traits. Nutty diet showed higher feed intake and body weight. The grinding diet increased volatile fatty acids in rumen of valves. The structure of diet affected biometric measurements, grain and nutty diets increased the body height and chest girth. The fecal score and concentration of volatile fatty acids was variable in different diet structures but the difference was not meaningful. In terms of body temperature, nutty and pelleted diets containing 22% protein increased body temperature spite of the grinding diet that decreased the temperature up to 0.25 ˚C, it is mentioned that changing the structure of diet may be a useful way for controlling heat stress. The findings of this study indicated that nutty starter increased feed intake and significant weight gain compared to grinding, grain and pelleted diets, it is suggested to use nutty starter to increase the growth performance of the production period of calves.
این تحقیق برای ارزیابی اثرات بافت و سطوح مختلف پروتئین در جیره غذایی بر عملکرد رشد و ابعاد بیومتری گوسالههای نر هولشتاین طی دوره آغازین (از سن 1 تا 60 روزگی) انجام شد. در این آزمایش، از 56 رأس گوساله نر استفاده شد و به طور تصادفی در طرح آزمایشی فاکتوریل 2 × 4 با 4 سطح بافت جیره غذایی (آسیاب شده، آجیلی، پلت شده و دانهای) و دو سطح پروتئین (22 و 24 درصد) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 8 تیمار و 7 تکرار قرار داده شدند. صفات مورد اندازهگیری عبارت بودند از: افزایش وزن بدن، میانگین خوراک مصرفی روزانه، دمای بدن، ابعاد بیومتری (ارتفاع از جدوگاه، طول و عمق دوره سینه)، شاخصهای خونی (گلوکز و بتا هیدروکسی بوتیرات)، امتیاز مدفوع و اسیدهای چرب شکمبه. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین مصرف خوراک، وزن بدن و غلظت گلوکز و بتاهیدروکسیبوتیرات در خون برای دو سطح پروتئین اختلافی نداشتند. امّا ساختار خوراک عمدتاً بر این صفات مؤثر بود. جیره آجیلی سبب افزایش مصرف خوراک و وزن زنده شدند. جیره آسیاب شده سبب افزایش تولید اسیدهای چرب فرّار درون شکمبه گوسالهها شد. بافت جیره بر ابعاد بیومتری تأثیر داشت. جیره دانهای و آجیلی سبب افزایش ارتفاع بدن و دور سینه شدند. امتیاز مدفوع و تراکم اسیدهای چرب فرار با مصرف جیرههای مختلف دارای تغییراتی بود ولی اختلاف معنیداری مشاهده نشد. در رابطه با دمای بدن، جیرههای آجیلی و پلت شدهی حاوی 22 درصد پروتئین سبب افزایش دمای بدن شده و جیره آسیاب شده سبب کاهش دمای بدن به میزان 25/0 درجه سانتیگراد گردید و نشان داد که تغییر بافت جیره غذایی ممکن است ابزار مفیدی برای کنترل استرس گرمایی باشد. یافتههای این تحقیق نشان داد که مصرف جیره استارتر آجیلی سبب افزایش مصرف خوراک و افزایش وزن معنیدار در مقایسه با بافت آسیاب شده، دانهای و پلت شده گردید. پیشنهاد میگردد برای افزایش عملکرد رشد دوره پرورش گوساله از آن استفاده شود.
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