The Effects of Different Levels of Saturated and Unsaturated Fats and Their Composition in Growing and Finishing Periods on Productive Performance and Blood Lipids of Broilers
محورهای موضوعی : Camel
1 - Department of Animal Science, Maragheh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh Branch, Maragheh, Iran
کلید واژه: Performance, broiler chickens, canola oil, blood lipids, beef tallow,
چکیده مقاله :
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of saturated and unsaturated fats and their composition in growing and finishing periods on performance, carcass traits and blood lipids level in broiler chickens. In this experiment, 432 Ross 308 broilers were used from 11 up to 42 days in 9 treatments, 4 replicates and 12 birds in each replicate in growing (11-24 days) and finishing (25-42 days) periods in a completely randomized design. Treatments included: 1) control group (without fat), 2) 2% canola oil, 3) 4% Canola oil, 4) 2% beef tallow, 5) 4% beef tallow, 6) 2% canola oil + 2% beef tallow, 7) 4% canola oil + 2% beef tallow, 8) 2% canola oil + 4% beef tallow and 9) 4% canola oil + 4% beef tallow. In the growing period, different levels of fat sources had no significant effects on the performance of broilers. In the finishing period, the higher amounts of daily weight gain and final live weight were obtained in group 8 (P<0.05). In the whole feeding period, the best feed conversion ratio and final live weight were observed in group 8 (P<0.05). The lowest amount of intestine, abdominal, gizzard and liver weights belonged to control group (P<0.05). However, a difference was observed between the control group and group 8 in these respects. Using different levels of saturated and unsaturated fat in growing and finishing periods had no significant effect on the blood lipids level of broilers (P>0.05). The overall results indicated that in broilers, using mixing of saturated and unsaturated fats have beneficial effects on their performance.
این آزمایش به منظور ارزیابی اثرات سطوح مختلف چربیهای اشباع و غیر اشباع و ترکیب آنها در دورههای رشد و پایانی بر عملکرد، صفات لاشه و سطح چربیهای خون جوجه‌‌های گوشتی انجام گرفت. در این آزمایش تعداد 432 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه راس 308 از 11 تا 42 روزگی در 9 گروه آزمایشی و 4 تکرار و 12 قطعه جوجه در هر تکرار در دورههای رشد (11 تا 24 روزگی) و پایانی (25 تا 42 روزگی) در قالب یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. گروه‌‌های آزمایشی شامل: 1) گروه شاهد (بدون چربی)، 2) گروه حاوی 2 درصد روغن کلزا، 3) گروه حاوی 4 درصد روغن کلزا، 4) گروه حاوی 2 درصد پیه گاوی، 5) گروه حاوی 4 درصد پیه گاوی، 6) گروه حاوی 2 درصد روغن کلزا + 2 درصد پیه گاوی، 7) گروه حاوی 4 درصد روغن کلزا + 2 درصد پیه گاوی، 8) گروه حاوی 2 درصد روغن کلزا + 4 درصد پیه گاوی و 9) گروه حاوی 4 درصد روغن کلزا + 4 درصد پیه گاوی بودند. در دوره رشد، سطوح و منابع مختلف چربی اثرات معنی‌‌داری بر عملکرد جوجهها نداشتند. در دوره پایانی بیشترین مقدار افزایش وزن روزانه و بیشترین وزن نهایی در گروه 8 به دست آمد (05/0>P). در کل دوره تغذیه بهترین ضریب تبدیل خوراک و بیشترین وزن نهایی در گروه 8 مشاهده شد (05/0>P). کمترین مقادیر روده، چربی بطنی، سنگدان و کبد متعلق به گروه شاهد بود (05/0>P). با این وجود، در خصوص این صفات تفاوتی بین گروه شاهد و گروه 8 مشاهده شد. استفاده از سطوح مختلف چربیهای اشباع و غیر اشباع در دورههای رشد و پایانی اثرات معنی‌‌داری بر سطح چربیهای خون جوجهها نداشت (05/0<P). نتایج نهایی نشان داد که در جوجه‌‌های گوشتی استفاده از مخلوط چربیهای اشباع و غیر اشباع دارای اثرات سودمندی بر عملکرد آنها می‌‌باشد.
Al Athari A.K. and Watkins B.A. (1988). Distribution of trans and cis 18:1 fatty acid isomers in chicks fed different fats. Poult. Sci. 67, 778-786.
Aviagen. (2014). Ross 308: Broiler Nutrition Specification.. Aviagen Ltd., Newbridge, UK.
Bezard J., Blond J.P., Bernard A. and Clouet P. (1994). The metabolism and availability of essential fatty acids in animal and human tissues. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 34, 539-568.
Crespo N. and Esteve-Garcia E. (2002). Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids decrease fat deposition in separable fat depots but not in the remainder carcass. Poult. Sci. 81, 1533-1542.
Duraisamy K., Senthilkumar M. and Mani K. (2013). Effect of saturated and unsaturated fat on the performance, serum and meat cholesterol level in broilers. Vet. World. 10, 159-162.
Garrett R.L. and Young R.J. (1975). Effect of micelle formation on the absorption of neutral fat and fatty acids by the chicken. J. Nutr. 105, 827-838.
Huang S.S.Y., Hggis D.A., Brauner C.J. and Satoh S. (2007). Effect on the dietary canola oil level on the growth performance and fatty acid composition of Jurenile red sea bream, Pagrus major. Aquaculture. 271, 420-431.
Ismail I.B., Al-Busadah K.A. and El-Bahr S.M. (2013). Effect of dietary supplementation of canola oil on egg production, quality and biochemistry of egg yolk and plasma of laying hens. Int. J. Biol. Chem. 7, 27-37.
Jeffri D., Firman H. and Kamyab A. (2010). Comparison of soybean oil with an animal/vegetable blend at four energy levels in broiler rations from hatch to market. Int. Poult. Sci. 9, 1027-1030.
Kiani A., Sharifi S.D. and Ghazanfari S. (2016). Effect of graded levels of canola oil and lysine on performance, fatty acid profile of breast meat and blood lipids parameters of broilers. Anim. Sci. Res. J. 26(2), 109-121.
Leeson S. and Atteh J.O. (1995). Utilization of fats and fatty acids by turkey poults. Poult. Sci. 74, 2003-2010.
Leeson S. and Summers J.D. (2001). Nutrition of the Chicken. Published by University Books, Ontario, Canada.
Lopez Ferrer S., Baucells M.D., Barroeta A.C. and Grashorn M.A. (1999). Influence of vegetable oil sources on quality parameters of broiler meat. Arch. Fiir. Geflugelkunde. 63, 29-35.
Nasiri Moghaddam H., Razian S.H.R. and Khajeh Ali F. (2000). The effect different fat sources on performance of broiler. Sci. Thchnol. Agric. Nat. Res. 3(1), 63-72.
Nazifi S. (1997). Hematology and Clinical Biochemistry of Birds. Shiraz University Publication, Shiraz, Iran.
Nobakht A., Ariyana A. and Mazlum F. (2012). Effect of different levels of canola oil with vitamin E on performance and carcass traits of broilers. Int. Res. J. Appl. Bas. Sci. 3(5), 1059-1064.
Nobakht A. and Mehmannavaz Y. (2012). Effects of saturated and unsaturated fats in starter and grower feeds on performance and carcass traits of broilers. J. Bas. Appl. Sci. Res. 2(2), 967-997.
Pinchasov Y. and Nir I. (1992). Effect of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration on performance, fat deposition and carcass fatty acid composition in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 71, 1504-1512.
Poorghasemi M.R., Seidavi A.R. and Tufarelli V. (2013). Influence of dietary fat source on growth performance responses and carcass traits of broiler chicks. Asian Austerilain J. Anim. Sci. 26(5), 705-710.
Renner R. and Hill F.W. (1961a). Factors affecting the absorbability of saturated fatty acids in the chick. J. Nutr. 74, 254-258.
Renner R. and Hill F.W. (1961b). Utilization of fatty acids by the chicken. J. Nutr. 74, 259-264.
Safamehr A.R., Thagavi E. and Nobakht A. (2011). Influence of tallow, soybean and sunflower oils on performance, eggshell quality, biochemical and immune parameters of laying hens. Vet. Res. 7, 19-27.
Salamatdoust Nobar R., Gorbani A., Nazeradl K., Ayazi A., Hamidiyan A., Fani A., Aghdam Shahryar H., Giyasi ghaleh kandi J. and Ebrahim Zadeh Attari V. (2010). Beneficial effects of canola oil on breast fatty acids profile and some of serum biochemical parameters of Iranian native turkeys. J. Cell. Anim. Biol. 4(8), 125-130.
Sanz M., Flores A. and Lopez Bote C.J. (2000). The metabolic use of energy from dietary fat in broilers is affected by fatty acid saturation. Br. Poult. Sci. 41, 61-68.
Sanz M., Flores A., Perez D.E., Ayala P. and Lopez Bote C.J. (1999). Higher lipid accumulation in broilers fed on saturated fats than in those fed unsaturated fats. Br. Poult. Sci. 40, 95-101.
Sanz M., Lopez-Bote C.J., Monoyo D. and Bautista J.M. (2000b). Abdominal fat deposition and fatty acid synthesis are lower and fl- oxidation is higher in broiler chickens fed diets containing unsaturated rather than saturated fat. J. Nutr. 130, 3034-3037.
SAS Institute. (2005). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9.1 SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Scaife J.R., Moyo J., Galbraith H., Michie W. and Campbell V. (1994). Effect of different dietary supplemental fats and oils on the tissue fatty acid composition and growth of female broilers. Br. Poult. Sci. 35, 107-118.
Shahryar H.A., Salamatdoustnobar R., Lak A. and Lotfi A.R. (2011). Effect of dietary supplemented canola oil and poultry fat on the performance and carcass characterizes of broiler chickens. Curr. Res. J. Biol. Sci. 3, 388-392.
Sim J.S. (1990). Flax seed as a high energy/protein/ omega-3 fatty acid feed ingredient for poultry. Pp. 65-72 in Proc. 53rd Flax Inst. Fargo, North Dakota, USA.
Valizadeh M. and Moghaddam M. (1994). Experimental Designs in Agriculture. Pishtaz Elem Publication, Tehran, Iran.
Yau J.C., Denton J.H., Bailey C.A. and Sams A.R. (1991). Customizing the fatty acid content of broiler tissues. Poult. Sci. 70, 167-170.
Young R.J. and Garrett R.L. (1963). Effect of oleic and linoleic acid on the absorption of saturated fatty acids in the chick. J. Nutr. 81, 321-329.
Zollitsch W., Kmaus W., Aichinger F. and Lettner F. (1996). Effects of different dietary fat sources on performance and carcass characteristics of broilers. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 66, 63-73.
