Effect of Diets Formulated on the Basis of Four Critical Essential Amino Acids on Performance and Blood Biochemical Indices of Broiler Finisher Chickens Reared under Tropical Environment

محورهای موضوعی : Camel

ِا. اوپولا ¹ , اس.اُ. اُگوندیپ ² , ج.اس. باوا ³ , پ.آ. اُنیمیسی ⁴

1 - Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
2 - Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
3 - Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
4 - Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/07/05 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/11/12 تاریخ انتشار : 1396/03/11

کلید واژه: Performance, Broiler, carcass quality, haematology, essential amino acids, tropical environment,

چکیده مقاله :

A study was conducted in a completely randomized design to evaluate the effect of diets formulated on the basis of four critical essential amino acids (lysine, methionine, tryptophan and threonine) on the crude protein requirement, carcass quality, nutrient digestibility, haematological and blood biochemical indices of broiler finisher chickens (28-56 days) reared under tropical environment. One hundred and eighty chickens were used in this experiment. There were four experimental diets each with three replicates (15 birds per replicate). The experimental diets were formulated with a gradual crude protein increase from 18 to 21% in 1% intervals. Diet 1, 2, 3 and 4 contained 18, 19, 20 and 21% dietary crude protein, respectively. Ileal digestible quantities of all essential amino acids (EAA) were almost equal in the diets and total amount of each EAA was maintained at or above NRC requirements. The performance of chickens fed 19% crude protein (CP) was similar to chickens fed 20 and 21% CP diets in terms of final weight, weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Feeding 18% CP with essential amino acids resulted in significantly (P<0.05) lower final weight, weight gain, average daily weight gain and poorer feed conversion ratio (FCR) than those fed diets higher crude protein diets. Generally, it was observed that chickens fed 19, 20 and 21% CP supplemented with balanced essential amino acids were statistically similar in terms of the carcass weight, dressing percentage, thighs, drumsticks, heart, lung and back weights compared to the chickens fed 18% CP supplemented with balanced essential amino acids. Chickens fed 21% CP fortified with balanced essential amino acids had the best values for apparent digestible crude protein, crude fibre (CF) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) compared with the chickens fed 18% CP with balanced essential amino acid. The observed means for most of the haematological and blood biochemical indices fell within the normal values for healthy chickens. It can be concluded that crude protein requirement of broiler finisher chickens (28-56 days) can be reduced to 19% with essential amino acids supplementation without having any adverse effect on growth, nutrient digestibility, carcass quality and haematological parameters of broiler finisher chickens reared under the tropical environment.

چکیده انگلیسی:

مطالعه­ای در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی برای ارزیابی اثر جیره­های فرموله شده بر مبنای چهار اسید آمینه ضروری (لیزین، متیونین، تریپتوفان و ترئونین) بر نیازمندی پروتئین خام، کیفیت لاشه، قابلیت هضم ماده مغذی، شاخص­های هماتولوژی و بیوشیمایی خون در مرحله پایانی پرورش (28 تا 56 روزگی) جوجه­های گوشتی تحت شرایط محیطی گرمسیری، صورت گرفت. در این آزمایش از 180 جوجه استفاده شد. چهار جیره آزمایشی و هر کدام با سه تکرار (15 جوجه به ازای هر تکرار) در نظر گرفته شد. جیره­های آزمایشی با میزان پروتئین خام از 18 تا 21 درصد (با فواصل یک درصدی) فرموله شدند. جیره­های 1، 2، 3 و 4 به ترتیب حاوی 18، 19، 20 و 21 درصد پروتئین خام بودند. مقادیر قابل هضم ایلیومی کلیه اسیدهای آمینه ضروری (EAA) تقریباً در همه جیره­ها برابر بوده و مقدار کُل هر EAA بالاتر در سطح یا بالاتر از سطح نیازمندی­های NRC در نظر گرفته شد. عملکرد (در قالب وزن پایانی، افزایش وزن و ضریب تبدیل خوراک) جوجه­های تغذیه شده با 19 درصد پروتئین خام (CP) مشابه جوجه­هایی بود که با جیره­های حاوی 20 و 21 درصد پروتئین خام تغذیه شده بودند. استفاده از 18 درصد CP همراه با اسیدهای آمینه ضروری سبب شد که به طور معنی‌داری وزن پایانی، افزایش وزن، میانگین افزایش وزن روزانه کمتر و ضریب تبدیل خوراک (FCR) ضعیف­تر از جیره­های با سطح پروتئین خام بالاتر گردد (05/0<P). به طور کلی مشاهده شد که جوجه­های تغذیه شده با 19، 20 و 21 درصد CP همراه با اسیدهای آمینه ضروری متعادل شده، در صفات وزن لاشه، درصد پوشش و وزن­های پا، ران، قلب، ریه و پشت در مقایسه با جوجه­های تغذیه شده با 18 درصد CP همراه با اسیدهای آمینه ضروری متعادل شده، از نظر آماری مشابه بودند. جوجه­های تغذیه شده با 21 درصد CP همراه با اسیدهای آمینه ضروری متعادل شده، در مقایسه با جوجه­های تغذیه شده با 18 درصد CP همراه با اسیدهای آمینه ضروری متعادل شده، بهترین مقادیر را برای پروتئین خام قابل هضم ظاهری، فیبر خام (CF) و عصاره عاری از نیتروژن (NFE) داشتند. میانگین­های مشاهده شده برای بزرگترین مقادیر شاخص­های هماتولوژی و بیوشیمیایی خون در محدوده مقادیر نرمال برای جوجه­های سالم قرار داشتند. از این مطالعه می­توان نتیجه گرفت که نیازمندی پروتئین خام جوجه­های گوشتی در مرحله پایانی پرورش (28 تا 56 روزگی) را می­توان تا 19 درصد همراه با اسیدهای آمینه ضروری متعادل شده کاهش داده و در عین حال این موضوع هیچ­گونه تأثیر منفی بر رشد، قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی، کیفیت لاشه و پاترامترهای هماتولوژی جوجه­های گوشتی در مرحله پایانی پرورش تحت شرایط محیطی گرمسیری نخواهند داشت.

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