Rumen Microbial Community of Saanen Goats Adapted to a High-Fiber Diet in the Northeast of Iran
محورهای موضوعی : Camelس.ه. ابراهیمی 1 , ر. ولی‌زاده 2 , و. حیدریان میری 3
1 - گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
2 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
کلید واژه: Iran, rumen microbial community, Sannen goats,
چکیده مقاله :
Swiss Saanen goat is a widespread breed frequently found in commercial herds across the world. The present study aimed to identify the rumen microbial community of exotic Saanen goats adapted to a fibrous diet using barcoded pyrosequencing. Rumen content samples were collected from the four animals via a stomach tube after the morning graze and freeze-dried for DNA extraction. Bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA and protozoal 18S rRNA genes were sequenced by 454 titanium pyrosequencing and analyzed using the quantitative insights into microbial ecology (QIIME) software package. Obtained results indicated that at the genus level, Prevotella (Bacteroidetes phylum) dominated the assigned sequence, with the relative abundance accounting for 29.41 ± 4.27% of the total bacteria. The second most abundant bacteria in the rumen of Saanen goats was an unclassified Bacteroidales (Bacteroidetes phylum) (11.01±0.94%). In addition, Firmicutes phylum was recorded as the second most frequent phylum and three unclassified genera, which belonged to the order Clostridiales, constituted21.42% of the total bacteria. Entodinium was the most abundant protozoal genus, comprising 46.78 ± 9.13% of the protozoal community, followed by Epidinium and Ophryoscolex (12.37±0.06 and 11.92±7.7, respectively). Almost half the archaeal community (43.71±1.57%) was composed of Methanoplasmatales- related sequences and Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii clade (35.79±4.84%) and Methanobrevibacter ruminantium clade (13.36±6.34%) were the second and third most dominant archaea, respectively. Overall, further efforts should be made to apply culture-based methods for the identification of remarkable number of unclassified bacteria in the rumen of goats.
بز سوئیسی سانن نژادی است که در گله‌های تجاری سراسر جهان یافت می‌شود. در مقاله حاضر، ساختار جمعیت میکروبی بز سانن که به جیره‌های حاوی علوفه خشبی عادت کرده بودند با استفاده از تکنیک پایروسکوئنسینگ مطالعه شده است. نمونه محتویات شکمبه از تعداد 4 رأس بز با استفاده از لوله شکمی پس از چرای صبحگاهی گرفته شد. پس از خشک کردن نمونه‌های فوق با روش فریز درایر و استخراج دی‌ان‌ای، ژن‌های 16S rRNA باکتریایی و آرکه‌ای و 18S rRNA پروتوزوآیی با واکنش زنجیره پلیمراز تکثیر شدند و پس از توالی‌یابی با روش پایروسکوئنسینگ تیتانیوم 454، با نرم افزار کیمه آنالیز شدند. تجزیه داده‌ها نشان داد که در سطح جنس، پریوتلا که در شاخه باکتریودتز قرار دارد با غالبیت نسبی 41/29 درصد کل باکتری‌ها اکثریت جنس باکتریایی شکمبه را تشکیل داده بود. جنس طبقه‌بندی نشده‌ای از گروه باکتریودالز در همین شاخه (باکتریودتز) با سهم 01/11 درصد جمعیت باکتریایی به عنوان باکتری غالب دوم تعیین شد. شاخه غالب دوم باکتریایی در شکمبه بزهای سانن فرمیکوتس بود و 3 جنس طبقه‌بندی نشده رده کلستریدیالز ذیل این شاخه جمعا 42/21 درصد جمعیت باکتریایی را به خود اختصاص داده بودند. غالب‌ترین جنس پروتوزوآیی انتودینیوم بود که 78/46 درصد کل جمعیت پروتوزوآ را به خود اختصاص داده بود. پس از آن، اپیدینیوم و افریسکولکس با سهم 37/12 و 92/11 درصدی از کل جمعیت پروتوزوآ در رتبه دوم و سوم قرار داشتند. توالی‌های مرتبط با متانوپلاسماتالز به عنوان آرکه غالب جمعیت میکروبی در شکمبه بزهای سانن شناسایی شدند. متانوبرویباکتر گوتسچالکی کلید و متانوبرویباکتر رمیننتیوم کلید با فراوانی به ترتیب 79/35 و 36/13 درصد دومین و سومین گروه تولید‌کننده متان بودند. نسبت توالی‌های طبقه‌بندی نشده بالا در نمونه‌های محتویات شکمبه بزهای سانن در شرایط این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد باید مطالعات بیشتری بر اساس روش‌های مبتنی بر کشت در خصوص شناسایی گونه‌های مربوطه که احتمالاً در هضم فیبر نقش مهم و اساسی دارند انجام شود.
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