Effects of Bioassay and Age on Amino Acid Digestibility and Metabolizable Energy of Soybean, Sunflower and Canola Meals
محورهای موضوعی : Camel
1 - Animal Science Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
کلید واژه: Broiler, caecectomized, intact cockerels, soybean, sunflower and canola meals,
چکیده مقاله :
These experiments were conducted to determine metabolizable energy and amino acid digestibilities of soybean meal, sunflower meal and canola meal in broiler chickens by using titanium oxide as indigestible marker in intact or caecectomized cockerels. Ileal and total tract digestibility of amino acids were measured using broiler chickens, moreover, digestibility were also determined in the intact and caecectomized cockerels. The mean excreta apparent and true digestibility of amino acid in broiler and intact cockerel were 76.99, 78.07 and 84.18, 88.35 for soybean meal 92.16, 92.84 and 78.09, 85.94 for sunflower meal and 69.82, 70.22 and 86.47, 88.50% for canola meal respectively. The mean values of ileal apparent and true digestibilities (standardized ileal digestibility) of amino acid in broiler were 72.18, 73.12 for soybean meal; 47.48, 48.47 for sunflower meal and 62.05, 62.45% for canola meal respectively. The mean values of apparent and true digestibilities of amino acid obtained from caecectomized cockerel and broiler were 80.34, 84.45 for soybean meal, 74.48, 82.47 for sunflower meal and 84.74, 87.12% for canola meal respectively. The experiments shown that apparent amino acid digestibility of soybean (9 to 11%), sunflower (34 to 50%) and canola meals (19 to 27%) from broiler (excreta and ileum), were lower than those intact and caecectomized cockerel. The result of experiments indicated that apparent metabilizable energy (AME), True metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn), True Metabolizable Energy (TME) and Nitrogen correction of True Metabolizable Energy (TMEn) values for canola and sunflower meals at 21 and 42 d broiler were significantly higher than cockerels. However, data shown that amount of metabolizable energy obtained from canola and sunflower meals were higher than those of broiler excreta or ileal and caecectomized cockerels.
Angkanaporn K., Ravindran V. and Bryden W.L. (1997). Influence of caecectomy and dietary protein concentration on apparent excreta amino acid digestibility in adult cockerels. Br. Poult. Sci. 38, 270-276.
AOAC. (1990). Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I. 15th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA.
Batal A.B. and Parsons C.M. (2002a). Effect of fasting versus feeding oasis after hatching on nutrient utilization in chicks. Poult. Sci. 81, 853-859.
Carre B.J., Gomez B. and Changeup A.M. (1995). Contribution of oligosaccharide and polysaccharide digestion, and excreta losses of lactic acid and short chain fatty acids, to dietary metabolisable energy values in broiler chickens and adult cockerels. Br. Poult. Sci. 36, 611-629.
Chung T.K. and Baker D.H. (1992). Apparent and true amino acid digestibility of a crystalline amino acid mixture and of casein: comparison of values obtained with ileal-cannulated pig and cecectomized cockerels. J. Anim. Sci. 70, 3781-3790.
Crissey S.D. and Thomas S. (1983). The amount of fecal amino acids from roosters fasted, fed non-protein diet, soybean meal, or autoclaved soybean meal. Poult. Sci. 62, 1406-1409.
Enyster H.M. (1984). Effect of feeding and energy source on endogenous and metabolic amino acid in determining true amino acid availability of hard and soft wheat. Poult. Sci. 63(1), 97-102.
Garcia A.R., Batal A.B. and Dale N.M. (2007). A comparison of methods to determine amino acid digestibility of feed ingredients for chickens. Poult. Sci. 86, 94-101.
Green S., Solange L., Bertrand M., Duron J.G. and Mallard R. (1987). Digestibilities of amino acids in soybean, sunflower and groundnut meals, determined with intact and caecectomised cockerels. Br. Poult. Sci. 28, 643-652.
Green S. (1988). Effect of dietary fiber and caecectomy on the excretion of endogenous amino acids from adult cockerels. Br.
Poult. Sci. 29, 419-429.
Haakansson J. and Erirsson S. (1974). Digestibility, nitrogen retention and consumption of metabolizable energy by chickens on feeds of low and high concentration. Swedish J. Agric. Res.4, 195-207.
Huang K.H., Ravindran V., Li X., Ravindran G. and Bryden W.L. (2007). Apparent ilea digestibility of amino acids in feed ingredients determined with broilers and layers. J. Agric. Sci.87, 47-53.
Huang K.H., Li X., Ravindran V. and Bryden W.L. (2006). Comparison of apparent ileal amino acid digestibility of feed ingredients measured with broilers, layers and roosters. Poult. Sci. 85, 625-634.
Huang K.H., Ravindran V., Li X. and Bryden W.L. (2005). Influence of age on the apparent ileal digestibility of feed ingredients for broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 46, 236-245.
Johns D.C., Low C.K., Sedcole J.R. and James K.A. (1986). Determination of amino acid digestibility using caecectomised and intact adult cockerels. Br. Poult. Sci. 27, 451-461.
Kadim T.P., Moughan J. and Ravindran V. (2002). Ileal amino acid digestibility assay for the growing meat chicken comparison of ileal and excreta amino acid digestibility in the chicken. Br. Poult. Sci. 42, 587-597.
Kessler J.W., Nguyen T.H. and Thomas O.P. (1981). The amino acid excretion values in intact and caecectomized negative control roosters used for determining metabolic plus endogenous urinary losses. Poult. Sci. 60, 1576-1577.
Lemme A., Ravindran V. and Bryden W.L. (2004). Ileal digestibility of amino acids in feed ingredients for broilers. Wld’s Poult. Sci. J. 60, 421-435.
Muztar A.J. and Slinger S.J. (1980b). The effect dry matter on metabolic and endogenous amino acid excretion in mature cockerels. Nutr. Reprod. Int. 22, 901-906.
Nitsan Z. and Alumot E. (1963). Role of the cecum in the utilization of raw soybean in chicks. J. Nutr. 80, 299-304.
Nouri-Emmamzadeh A. and Yaghobfar A. (2009). Influence of caecectomy on digestibility of amino acids for soybean, canola and sunflower meals in adult cockerels. J. Poult. Sci. 46, 19-24.
NRC. (1994). Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 9th Rev. Ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
Parsons C.M. (1984). Influence of caecectomy and source of dietary fiber or starch on excretion of endogenous amino acids by laying hens. Br. Poult. Sci. 51, 541-548.
Parsons C.M. (1985). Influence of caecectomy on digestibility of amino acids by roosters fed distillers dried grains with soluble. J. Agric. Sci. 104, 469-472.
Parsons C.M. (1986). Determination of digestible and available amino acids in meat meal using conventional and caecectomised cockerels or chick growth assays. Br. J. Nutr. 56, 227-240.
Parsons C.M., Potter L.M. and Brown R.D.Jr. (1983). Effect dietary carbohydrate and of intestinal microflora on excretion of endogenous amino acids by poultry. Poult. Sci. 62, 483-489.
Ragland D., Thomas C.R., Elkin R.G., Shafer D.J. and Adeola O. (1999). The influence of caecectomy on metabolizable energy and amino acid digestibility of feedstuffs for white pekin duc-
ks. Br. Poult. Sci. 78,707-713.
Ravindran V. and Bryden W. (1999). Amino acid availability in poultry in vitro and in vivo measurement. Aust. J. Agric. 50, 889-908.
Ravindran V., Hew L.I. and Bryden W.L. (2001). Comparison of methodology to estimate endogenous amino acid losses in poultry. Proc. Aust. Poult. Sci. Symp. 12, 197-201.
Ravindran V., Hew L.I., Ravindran G. and Bryden W.L. (1999). A comparison of ileal digesta and excreta analysis for the determination of amino acid digestibility in food ingredients for poultry. Br. Poult. Sci. 40, 266-274.
Ravindran V.L., Hew G., Ravindran B. and Bryden W.L. (2005). Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in feeding redients for broiler chickens.Anim. Sci. 81, 85-97.
Rhône-Poulenc. (1993). Rhodimet Nutrition Guide. 2nd Ed. Rhone-Poulenc Anim. Nutrition Antony, France.
Rostagno H.S., Pupa J.M.R. and Pack M. (1995). Diet formulation for broilers based on total versus digestible amino acids. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 4, 293-299.
SAS Institute. (1996). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 6.11. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC.
Sibbald I.R. and Wolynetz M.S. (1985). Relationships between estimates of bioavailable energy made with adult cockerels and chicks: effects of feed intake and nitrogen retention. Poult. Sci. 64, 127-138.
Siriwan P., Bryden W.L., Mollah Y. and Annison E.F. (1993). Measurement of endogenous amino acid losses in poultry. Bri Poult. Sci. 34, 339-949.
Song G.L., Li X.S., Piao F., Chi Y., Chen G.F. and Moughan P.J. (2004). True amino acid availability in Chinese high-oil corn varieties determined in two types of chickens. Poult. Sci. 83, 683-688.
Ten Doeschate R.A.H.M., Scheele V.V.A.M. and Van derKlis J.D. (1993). Digestibility studies in broiler chickens influence of genotype, age, sex and method of determination. Br. Poult. Sci. 34, 131-146.
Uni Z., Noy Y. and Sklan D. (1995). Posthatch change in morphology and function of the small intestines in heavy and high strain chicks. Poult. Sci.74, 1622-1629.
Wakita M., Hoshing S. and Morimoto K. (1970). Factors affecting the accumulation of amino acid by chick intestine. Poult. Sci. 49, 1046-1050.
Wallis I.R. and Balnave D. (1984a). The influence of environmental temperature, age and sex on the digestibility of amino acid in growing broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci.25, 401-407.
Wallis I.R. and Balnave D. (1984b). A comparison of amino acid digestibility bioassays for broilers. Br. Poult. Sci. 25, 389-399.
Woyengo T.A., Kiarie E. and Nyachoti C.M. (2010). Metabolizable energy and standardized ileal digestible amino acid contents of expeller-extracted canola meal fed to broiler chicks. Poult. Sci.89, 1182-1189.
Yaghobfar A. (2001). Effect of genetic line, sex of birds and the type of bioassay on the metabolizable energy value of maize. Br. Poult. Sci.42, 350-353.
Yaghobfar A. and Boldaji F. (2002). Influence of level of feed input and procedure on metabolisable energy and endogenous energy loss (EEL) with adult cockerels. Br. Poult. Sci. 43,
696-704.
Yaghobfar A. and Zahedifar M. (2003). Endogenous losses of energy and amino acids in birds and their effect on true metabolizable energy values and availability of amino acids in maize. Br. Poult. Sci. 44(5), 719-725.
