Amino Acid Digestibility and Energy Value of Bitter Vetch (a Cheap Plant Protein) and Effects of Feeding this Plant Protein on Production and Egg Quality Parameters of Leghorn and Native Layer Strain
محورهای موضوعی : CamelA.A. Saki 1 , M.A. Edris 2 , A. Janjan 3 , H. Mahmoudi 4 , A. Hoseini Siyar 5
1 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
4 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
5 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
کلید واژه: Performance, amino acid digestibility, bitter vetch, laying hen, metabolisable energy,
چکیده مقاله :
Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of bitter vetch. Experiment 1 was conducted to determine the metabolisable energy content of bitter vetch. Sixteen adult Leghorn roosters were used. Forty grams of bitter vetch were precision-fed individually to 12 roosters. In addition, 4 birds were not fed and served as a control treatment in the measurement of metabolic fecal and endogenous urinary energy output. Experiment 2 was a broiler chick bioassay carried out with 24 male boiler chickens (21-d-old) to determine apparent amino acid digestibilities of bitter vetch. Experiment 3 was conducted to evaluate the effect of bitter vetch on performance and egg quality of two strains of laying hens. A control diet based on corn and soybean meal and diets containing 50, 100 and 150 g kg-1 bitter vetch were fed to the Leghorn layers, ISA-Babcock strain, and the native strain. All eggs produced during the last 3 d of each month were collected to evaluate egg quality. True metabolisable energy (TME) and nitrogen-corrected true metabolisable energy (TMEn) values of bitter vetch were 3396 and 3852 kcal/kg DM, respectively. Second experiment showed that the average amino aciddigestibility of bitter vetch (12 amino acids) was 66.65%. Feed intake, egg weight, egg production, and egg mass, were higher and feed conversion ratio was lower in the Leghorn than the native strain. Feed intake and egg production were lower and feed conversion ratio was higher by all bitter vetch diets compared with the control diet. Haugh unit and yolk color were lower (P<0.001) in the Leghorn than the native strain and vice versa in egg shell weight (P<0.001). Eggshell thickness and shape index were not affected by strain (P>0.05). It was concluded that 5% of bitter vetch can be used in laying hen diets without any adverse effect.
آزمایش‌هایی جهت تعیین ارزش غذایی گاودانه طراحی شد. در آزمایش اول، انرژی قابل متابولیسم گاودانه با 16 خروس بالغ، معیین شد. پرندگان با 40 گرم از گاودانه با روش تغذیه اجباری تغذیه شدند. علاوه بر آن 4 پرنده، جهت تعیین انرژی آندوژنوس ادرار و انرژی متابولیکی مدفوع تغذیه نشد. آزمایش دوم بیوسنجشی با 24 جوجه گوشتی نر 21 روزه، جهت تعیین قابلیت هضم اسیدهای آمینه بود. آزمایش سوم به منظور ارزیابی اثر گاودانه بر عملکرد و کیفیت تخم مرغ دو سویه تخمگذار انجام شد. یک جیره کنترل بر مبنای ذرت و سویا و جیرههایی حاوی 50، 100 و 150 گرم در کیلوگرم از گاودانه به لگهورن، سویه بابوک، و یک سویه تخمگذار بومی تغذیه شد. همه تخم مرغ‌ها در سه روز آخر هر ماه به ارزیابی کیفی تخم مرغ اختصاص داده شد. انرژی قابل متابولیسم حقیقی و انرژی قابل متابولیسم حقیقی بر مبنای ازت به ترتیب 3396 و 3852 کیلوکالری در کیلوگرم تعیین شد. در آزمایش دوم قابلیت هضم اسیدهای آمینه، 12 اسیدآمینه، 65/66 درصد به دست آمد. خوراک مصرفی، وزن تخم مرغ، درصد تولید و توده تخم مرغ لگهورن بالاتر و ضریب تبدیل آن پایینتر از سویه بومی بود. خوراک مصرفی و درصد تولید در همه جیرههای گاودانه پایینتر از جیره شاهد بود. واحد هاو و رنگ زرده در لگهورن بالاتر، اما ضخامت پوسته در آن کمتر از سویه بومی بود. ضخامت پوسته و ایندکس شکل، تحت تأثیر اثر متقابل سویه و جیرهها قرار نگرفت. نتایج این مطالعه نشان میدهد که 5 درصد از گاودانه، بدون هیچ اثری سویی در جیره مرغ‌های تخمگذار قابل استفاده است.
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