Effects of Strain, Age and the Interrelationships between External and Internal Qualities of Eggs in Two Strains of Layer Chickens in Northern Guinea Savannah Zone of Nigeria

محورهای موضوعی : Camel

ام. کبیر ¹ (Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria)
آر.اُ. سلیمان ² (Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria)
آر.کا. ادریس ³ (Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria)
اس.بی. آبدو ⁴ (Department of Geography, Federal College of Education, Zaria, Nigeria)
اُ.ام. دائودو ⁵ (Department of Geography, Federal College of Education, Zaria, Nigeria)
اس.ام. یاشیم ⁶ (Department of Geography, Federal College of Education, Zaria, Nigeria)
ام.آر. حسن ⁷ (Department of Geography, Federal College of Education, Zaria, Nigeria)
اچ.وای. آدامو ⁸ (Department of Geography, Federal College of Education, Zaria, Nigeria)
ان.ام. اچه ⁹ (Department of Geography, Federal College of Education, Zaria, Nigeria)
تی.اس. اُلوگبمی ¹⁰ (Department of Soil Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria)
آی.آی. آددیبو ¹¹ (Department of Soil Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria)

تاریخ دریافت : 1392/06/19 تاریخ پذیرش : 1392/09/09 تاریخ انتشار : 1392/12/10

کلید واژه: Nigeria, Correlation, egg quality traits, layer chicken,

چکیده مقاله :

An experiment was conducted to determine the differences in body weight (BW), feed intake (FI) and some egg production traits of two strains of layer chickens (Isa Brown and Nera Black) and correlate the relationships between the tested traits. The study commenced when the layers were 26 weeks old and a total of 200 (100 of each strain) were used. Sixty fresh eggs (30 from each strain) were collected at 26th, 32nd and 38th weeks of lay. The results of analysis of variance for main effect of strain revealed significant (P<0.05) differences in BW with Isa Brown (IB) weighing heavier (1978 g) than Nera Black (NB) (1887 g). There was however no strain effect on FI. The values for the external egg quality traits for egg weight, shell weight and shell thickness were found, respectively as 58.06 g vs. 54.26 g, 5.4 g vs. 5.00 g and 0.44 mm vs. 0.31 mm in favour of IB. While the values for internal egg quality traits for albumen weight, yolk weight and yolk height were found, respectively as 36.46 g vs. 33.60 g, 15.60 g vs. 12.26 g and 1.86 cm vs. 1.62 cm in favour of IB. Other traits tested (egg lenght, egg width, albumin height and haugh unit) were unaffected by strain. Main effect of age showed that most of the internal and external egg traits decreased with increase in age of the layers. Yolk weight increased with increasing age of the layers, which implies that eggs from younger birds would be expected to have lower amount of cholesterol. The correlation analysis for most of the tested traits were positive. BW positively and significantly (P<0.05) correlated with FI (0.73) and egg weight (0.54). It was concluded that age numerically decreased most of the tested qualities of egg while srain had significant (P<0.05) effect on BW and some egg quality traits with Isa Brown performing better than Nera Black in northern guinea savannah of Nigeria.

چکیده انگلیسی:

آزمایشی برای تعیین تفاوت­های موجود در وزن بدن (BW)، مصرف خوراک (FI) و برخی از صفات تولید تخم دو سویه از طیور تخم‌گذار (ایسا بران و نرا بلاک) و تعیین همبستگی بین صفات مورد بررسی صورت گرفت. مطالعه در سن 26 هفتگی مرغان تخم‌گذار آغاز شد و مجموع 200 مرغ (100 مرغ از هر سویه) مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. 60 تخم مرغ تازه (30 تخم از هر سویه) در هفته­های 26، 32 و 38 تخم‌گذاری جمع آوری شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس اثر اصلی سویه، تفاوت­های معنی‌دار (05/0>P) در BW را نشان می­دهد که ایسا بران (IB) دارای وزن سنگین­تری (1978 گرم) نسبت به نرا بلاک (NB) بود (1887 گرم). در هر حال، سویه بر FI اثری نداشت. مقادیر صفات کیفیت خارجی تخم مرغ برای وزن تخم مرغ، وزن پوسته تخم مرغ و ضخامت پوسته تخم مرغ به ترتیب به صورت 06/58 گرم در مقابل 26/54 گرم، 4/5 گرم در مقابل 00/5 گرم و 44/0 میلی‌متر در مقابل 31/0 میلی‌متر بود که مقادیر مربوطه برای سویه IB بیشتر بود. در‌حالی‌که مقادیر صفات کیفیت داخلی تخم مرغ برای وزن سفیده، وزن زرده و ارتفاع زرده به ترتیب به صورت 46/36 گرم در مقابل 60/33 گرم، 60/15 گرم در مقابل 26/12 گرم و 86/1 سانتی‌متر در مقابل 62/1 سانتی‌متر بود که مقادیر مربوطه برای سویه IB بیشتر بود. صفات دیگر (طول تخم مرغ، عرض تخم مرغ، ارتفاع سفیده و واحد هاو) به وسیله سویه تحت تأثیر قرار نگرفتند. اثر اصلی سن نشان داد که بیشتر صفات داخلی و خارجی تخم مرغ با افزایش سن مرغ­های تخم‌گذار کاهش یافت. وزن زرده با افزایش سن مرغ­های تخم‌گذار افزایش یافت که این مطلب اشاره ضمنی به این موضوع دارد که تخم مرغ­های پرندگان جوان­تر دارای مقدار کلسترول کمتری هستند. تجزیه همبستگی برای بیشتر صفات مورد مطالعه مثبت بود. BW به طور مثبت و معنی­داری (05/0>P) با FI (73/0) و وزن تخم مرغ (54/0) همبسته بود. نتیجه گرفته می­شود که سن از نظر عددی بیشتر صفات کیفیت مورد مطالعه را کاهش داد، درحالیکه سویه اثر معنی­داری بر BW داشت و برخی از صفات کیفیت تخم مرغ در سویه ایسا بران دارای عملکرد بهتری نسبت به سویه نرا بلاک در مناطق جلگه­ای منطقه گینه شمالی در نیجریه هستند.

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