Effects of Mega Doses of Phytase on Growth Performance, Bone Status and Nutrient Excretion of Broilers Fed Diets Containing High Levels of Rice Bran

محورهای موضوعی : Camel

ک.جی.اس.سی. کاتوکروندا ¹ ( Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Science, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka )
ان.اس.بی.ام. اتاپتو ² ( Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Mapalana, Kamburupitiya, Sri Lanka )
پی.و.یو. پررا ³ ( Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Mapalana, Kamburupitiya, Sri Lanka )

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/06/13 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/08/10 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/12/11

کلید واژه: phytase, broilers, rice bran, crude protein, mega doses,

چکیده مقاله :

Phytate in poultry rations containing rice bran (RB) critically reduce poultry performance while increasing N and P excretion. The objective of this study was to determine whether the anti-nutritive problems associated with higher inclusions of rice bran in poultry rations (up to 40%) could be mitigated with mega doses of phytase. Twenty days old male broiler chicks (n=180) in 60 floor pens were fed on 10 dietary combinations of a completely randomized factorial design (2×5). Two dietary rice bran (RB) levels (20 or 40%) and five levels (0, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 FTU/kg diet) of phytase (Natuphos 500) were main factors. Cage-wise daily feed/water intakes and body weights on day 28, 35 and 42 were determined. Weekly and total weight gain and feed conversion ratio were determined. Cr2O3 mixed diets were fed from day 35 to determine illeal digestibility of crude protein, phosphorus (P) and dry matter. On day 42, following a 12-hour fast, two birds from each pen were humanely slaughtered to determine visceral organ weights. Fat free tibia ash contents and latency-to-lie test done on day 28, 35 and 42 were used as bone parameters. Growth performance parameters were not enhanced significantly due to mega doses of phytase. Negative effects like body weight reductions affected latency to lie time increments and further confirmed by insignificancy of tibia ash increments. Phytase significantly improved the crude protein digestibility. The optimum levels of phytase for the best crude protein digestibility with 20% and 40% dietary rice bran were 3000 and 4000 FTU/kg, respectively. Digestibility values of P and dry matter also affected. Supplementation of mega doses of phytase improved illeal crude protein digestibilities but not growth performances and bone status. Mega doses of phytase did not mitigate the adverse effects of 40% rice bran included broiler diets.

چکیده انگلیسی:

فیتات در جیره­های طیور حاوی سبوس برنج (RB) منجر به کاهش عملکرد حیوان و افزایش دفع نیتروژن و فسفر می­گردد. هدف از این مطالعه آن است که مشخص نمود که آیا مشکلات ضد تغذیه­ای مرتبط با در نظر گرفتن مقادیر بالاتر (تا 40 درصد) سبوس برنج در جیره­های طیور را می­توان با مگادُزهای فیتاز مرتفع کرد؟ جوجه­های گوشتی نر 20 روزه (180=n) در 60 قفس با 10 ترکیب جیره­ای در قالب یک طرح فاکتوریل کاملاً تصادفی (5×2) تغذیه شدند. فاکتورهای اصلی شامل دو سطح سبوس برنج (20 یا 40 درصد) و پنج سطح فیتاز (ناتوفوس 500) (0، 1000، 2000، 3000 و 4000 FTU در هر کیلوگرم جیره) بودند. از قفس­های هوشمند استفاده شده و مصرف خوراک و آب روزانه و وزن بدن در 28، 35 و 42 روزگی محاسبه گردید. افزایش وزن و ضریب تبدیل خوراک هفتگی و کُل تعیین گردید. جیره­های مخلوط شده با اکسید کروم از 35 روزگی به حیوانات خورانده شد تا بتوان قابلیت هضم ایلئومی پروتئین خام، فسفر و ماده خشک را تعیین نمود. در 42 روزگی، پس از 12 ساعت گرسنگی، دو پرنده از هر قفس با رعایت موارد اخلاقی کشتار شدند و وزن اندام­های احشایی اندازه­گیری گردیدند. اندازه­گیری خاکستر عاری از چربی استخوان درشت نی و تست تأخیر اُفت به عنوان پارامترهای استخوانی در روزهای 28، 35 و 42 انجام شد. مگادُزهای فیتاز تأثیر معنی­داری بر ارتقای پارامترهای عملکرد رشد نداشتند. اثرات منفی نظیر کاهش در وزن بدن بر افزایش زمان تأخیر اُفت تأثیر داشته و افزایش خاکستر درشت نی نیز این موضوع را تأیید می­نمود. فیتاز به صورت معنی­داری قابلیت هضم پروتئین خام را بهبود بخشید. سطح بهینه برای بهترین قابلیت هضم پروتئین خام با 20 و 40 درصد سبوس برنج در جیره به ترتیب برابر با 3000 و 4000 FTU به ازای هر کیلوگرم جیره بوده است. مقادیر قابلیت هضم فسفر و ماده خشک نیز تحت تأثیر قرار گرفت. افزودن مگادُزهای فیتاز قابلیت هضم پروتئین خام ایلئومی را بهبود بخشیده ولی عملکرد رشد و وضعیت استخوان را ارتقا نبخشیدند. مگادُزهای فیتاز اثرات شدید افزودن 40 درصد سبوس برنج به جیره­های گوشتی را مرتفع ننمودند.

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