Optimal Forage Choices for Lactating Murciano-Granadina Dairy Goats: Feed Intake, Behavior Time Budget, Milk Production, and Blood Metabolites
محورهای موضوعی : CamelM.H. Khabbazan 1 , H. Amanlou 2 , D. Zahmatkesh 3 , E. Mahjoubi 4 , A. Nikkhah 5
1 - Ferdows Pars Agriculture and Livestock Holding Co., Tehran, Iran|Department of Animal Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
4 - Department of Animal Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
5 - Ferdows Pars Agriculture and Livestock Holding Co., Tehran, Iran|Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
کلید واژه: Milk, metabolite, Forage, feeding behavior, Murciano-Granadina goat,
چکیده مقاله :
It is important to optimize forage choices for improved milk production and goat health under intensive raising systems. Our hypothesis was that alfalfa hay (AH), corn silage (CS), and wheat straw (WS) can be utilized by lactating Murciano-Granadina goats towards efficient milk production and that feed intake and efficiency and milk quantity and quality responses as well as metabolic parameters would differ among the forage sources. The objective was to determine effects of feeding different major forages on feed intake, behavior time budget, milk production and composition, and circulating blood metabolites in lactating Murciano-Granadina goats. Thirty lactating goats were used in a completely randomized design study with three treatments including diets containing 1) WS, 2) AH, or 3) CS at 40.3% of diet dry matter. Treatment diets were formulated to be isoenergetic (ME) and isonitrogenous (CP). Ten goats were assigned to each treatment. Forage source affected (P<0.01) dry matter intake (DMI), such that the highest intake was for CS (1904 g/d) and the lowest intake was for WS (1406 g/d) with AH being intermediate (1674 g/d). The yields of raw and fat-corrected milk, milk protein, lactose, and solids-nonfat were greater (P<0.01) for CS than for other two forages. Milk contents of fat, total solids, urea nitrogen, unsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and blood concentrations of total proteins were greater (P<0.05) for AH than for other forages. Milk somatic cell counts tended to be lower (P<0.10) for CS than for AH and WS. Treatments did not affect (P>0.10) times spent standing, lying and ruminating, and blood concentrations of glucose, albumin, and non-esterified fatty acids. Total protein concentrations in serum were, however, greater (P<0.05) for AH than for CS and WS. In conclusion, different forage choices can be fed to lactating Murciano-Granadina goats with different aims; CS for increased milk yield, AH for improved milk fat content, and WS for lower feed cost. Changes in forage cost and availability, production systems and strategies, and consumers' demand will determine how to optimize forage choices for lactating goats.
Allen M.S. (2000). Effects of diet on short-term regulation of feed intake by lactating dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 83, 1598-1624.
AOAC. (2002). Official Methods of Analysis. 17th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, Washington, DC., USA.
Askar A.R., Nassar M.S., Badawy H.S., Eid E.Y., Guada J.A. and Farid M.F.A. (2016). Recovered energy and efficiency of digestion in sheep and goats fed Atriplex nummularia compared to alfalfa hay. Livest. Sci. 194, 1-6.
Assis P.O.A., Guerra G.C.B., Araújo D.F.S., Araújo Júnior R.F., Machado T.A.D.G., Araújo A.A. and Queiroga R.C.R.E. (2016). Intestinal anti- inflammatory activity of goat milk and goat yoghurt in the acetic acid model of rat colitis. Int. Dairy J. 56, 45-54.
Beatriz E.B., Marzall do Amaral R., Gloria L.S., Fonseca e silva F., Rodrigues M.T. and Mendonca Vieria R.A. (2019). Ingestive behavior of dairy goats fed diets containing increasing levels of neutral detergent fiber and particle size using multivariate analysis. Acta Scientiarum. Anim. Sci. 41, 125-135.
Beauchemin K.A. (1994). Effects of dietary neutral detergent fiber concentration and alfalfa hay quality on chewing, rumen function, and milk production of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 74, 3140-3151.
Casamassima D., Palazzo M. and Pizzo R. (2007). Evaluation of milk production and some bood parameters in lactating autochthonous goat extensively reared in Molise region. Italian J. Anim. Sci. 6(1), 615-617.
Clark S. and García M.B. (2017). A 100-year review: Advances in goat milk research. J. Dairy Sci. 100(12), 10026-10044.
Curro S., Manuelran C.L., De Marchi M., De Palo P., Claps S., Maggiolino A., Campanile G., Rufrano D., Fontana A., Pedota G. and Neglia G. (2019). Autochthonous dairy goat breeds showed better milk quality than Saanen under the same environmental conditions. Arch. Anim. Breed. 62, 83-89.
Desnatie R., Byeng R.M., Nar G., Wendell M., Jung H.L., Sandra S. and Olga B. (2020). Influence of tannin-rich pine bark supplementation in the grain mixes for meat goats: Growth performance, blood metabolites, and carcass characteristics. Anim. Nutr. 6, 85-91.
El-Meccawi S., Kam M., Brosh A. and Degen A.A. (2009). Energy intake, heat production and energy and nitrogen balances of sheep and goats fed wheat straw as a sole diet. Livest. Sci. 125, 88-91.
Evan T., Dolores Carro M., Fernandez Yapez J.E., Haro A., Arbesu L., Romero-Huelva M. and Molina-Alcaide E. (2020). Effects of feeding multinutrient blocks including avocado pulp and peels to dairy goats on feed intake and milk yield and composition. Animals. 10, 194-201.
FAO. (2011). Crop Prospects and Food Situation. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy.
Fernandez C., Pérez-Baena I., Marti J.V., Palomares J.L. and Segarra J.V. (2019). Use of orange leaves as a replacement for alfalfa in energy and nitrogen partitioning, methane emissions and milk performance of murciano-granadina goats. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 24, 103-111.
Iranian Council on Animal Care (1995). Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
Kowsar R., Ghorbani G.R., Alikhani M., Khorvash M. and Nikkhah A. (2008). Corn silage partially replacing short alfalfa hay to optimize forage use in total mixed rations for lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 91, 4755-4764.
Leiber F., Kreuzer M., Nigg D., Wettstein H.R. and Leo Scheeder M.R. (2005). A study on the causes for the elevated n-3 fatty acids in cows’ milk of alpine origin. Lipids. 40, 191-202.
Lu C.D. (1988). Grazing behavior and diet selection of goats. Small Rumin. Res. 1, 205-216.
Lu C.D., Kawas J.R. and Mahgoub O.G. (2005). Fibre digestion and utilization in goats. Small Rumin. Res. 60, 45-52.
Marcos C.N., Carro M.D., Fernandes J.E., Haro A., Romero-Huelva M. and Molina-Alcaide M. (2020). Effects of agroindustrial by-product supplementation on dairy goat milk characteristics, nutrient utilization, ruminal fermentation, and methane production. J. Dairy Sci. 103(2), 1472-1483.
Miller B.A. and Christopher D.L. (2019). Current status of global dairy goat production: an overview. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 32(8), 1219-1232.
NRC. (2007). Nutrient Requirements of Sheep. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.
Park Y.W., Juarez M., Ramos M. and Haelein G.F.W. (2007). Physico-chemical characteristics of goat and sheep milk. Small Rumin. Res. 68, 88-113.
Reid R.L., Jung G.A., Cox-Ganser J.M., Rybeck B.F. and Townsend E.C. (1990). Comparative utilization of warm- and cool-season forages by cattle, sheep and goats. J. Anim. Sci. 68, 2986-2994.
Romero-Huelva M., Ramirez-Fenosa M.A., Planelles-Gonzales R., Planelles-Gonzales R. and Garcia-casodo P. (2017). Can by-products replace conventional ingredients in concentrate of dairy goat diet? J. Dairy Sci. 100, 1-13.
Sahlu T., Hart S.P. and Fernandez J.M. (1993). Nitrogen metabolism and blood metabolites in three goat breeds fed increasing amounts of proteinncreasing amounts of protein. Small Rumin. Res. 10, 281-292.
Sanz Sampelayo M.R., Chilliard Y., Schmidely P. and Boza J. (2007). Influence of type of diet on the fat constituents of goat and sheep milk. Small Rumin. Res. 68, 42-63.
Sanz Sampelayo M.R., Perez L., Martin Alonso J.J., Amigo L. and Boza J. (2002). Effects of concentrates with different contents of protected fat rich in PUFAs on the performance lactating Granadina goats Part II. Milk production and composition. Small Rumin. Res. 43, 141-148.
SAS Institute. (2004). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9.4. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Silvani V., Adriana D. and Elane S.P. (2019). Functionality of the components from goat’s milk, recent advances for T functional dairy products development and its implications on human health. J. Funct. Foods. 52, 243-257.
Van Soest P.J., Robertson J.B. and Lewis B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74, 3583-3597.
Vasta V., Nudda A., Cannas A., Lanza M. and Priolo A. (2008). Alter- native feed resources and their effects on the quality of meat and milk from small ruminants. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 147, 223-246.
Whitney T.R., Glasscock J.L., Muir J.P., Stewart W.C. and Scholljegerdes E.J. (2017). Substituting ground woody plants for cottonseed hulls in lamb feedlot diets: growth per- formance, blood serum chemistry, and rumen fluid parameters. J. Anim. Sci. 95, 4150-4163.
Yang W.Z., Beauchemin K.A. and Rode L.M. (2000). Effects of barley grain processing on extent of digestion and milk production of lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 83, 554-568.
