Effects of Replacing Barley with Processed Corn on the Growth Performance, Microbial Protein Synthesis and Profitability of Fattening Lambs
محورهای موضوعی : Camel
F. Kazemi
1
,
T. Ghoorchi
2
,
B. Dastar
3
,
F. Eshraghi
4
1 - Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 - Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
3 - Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
4 - Department of Agricultural Economics, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
کلید واژه: profitability, body weight, barley, lambs, corn, Regression Analysis,
چکیده مقاله :
Barley as a native cereal is the main source of carbohydrates in fattening sheep. Substituting barley with other sources of carbohydrates, such as corn, could decrease digestive disorders. The objective of this study was to assess profitability, growth performance, and microbial protein production in fattening lambs by replacing barley with different processed corn. To achieve this, a completely randomized design including seven rations with five lambs as replicates were used. The treatments reared in individual cages during an 84-day time frame allowed us to determine body weight, dry matter intake (DMI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), gross profit, and microbial protein production. The results showed that the 40% barley ration had minimum means of final body weight, DMI, daily weight gain (P<0.05), FCR, and gross profit (P<0.10) versus the other rations. Also, the rates of allantoin, uric acid, xanthine, hypoxanthine, and microbial protein in a 100% pelleted corn diet were the highest with a significant difference compared to other treatments. Furthermore, the results of economic models indicated that initial weight and feed cost had negative effects, as opposed to that of daily body weight gain and DMI, which yielded positive effects on the gross profit. In addition, a greater initial weight could decrease partial production elasticity, but utilization of the corn-based rations resulted in more growth rate overall. Of course, the 40% pelleting corn could create a more accelerated growth rate compared to the other processed corn.
Aldrich J.M., Muller L.D., Varga G.A. and Griel L.C. (1993). Nonstructural carbohydrate and protein effects on rumen fermentation, nutrient flow, and performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 76, 1091-1105.
Brassard M.E., Chouinard P.Y., Berthiaume R., Tremblay C.F., Gervais R., Martineau R. and Cing-mars D. (2015). Effects of grain source, grain processing, and protein degradability on rumen kinetics and microbial protein synthesis in Boer kids. J. Anim. Sci. 93, 5355-5366.
Casper D.P., Maiga Brouk M.J. and Schingoethe D.J. (1999). Synchronization of carbohydrate and protein sources on fermentation and passage rates in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 82, 1779-1790.
Cevger Y. (2003). Quantitative methods to determine factors affecting profits of lamb fattening enterprises. Vet. Med. Czech. 48, 25-31.
Chalupa W. (1975). Rumen bypass and protection of proteins and amino acids. J. Dairy Sci. 58, 1198-1218.
Chen G. and Russell J.B. (1989). More monensin-sensitive, ammonia-producing bacteria from the rumen. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55, 1052-1057.
Clark J.H., Klusmeyer T.H. and Cameron M.R. (1992). Microbialprotein synthesis and flows of nitrogen fractions to the duodenum of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 75, 2304-2323.
Elfadl E.A., Abo Fardos A.M. and Radwan H.A.A. (2015). Quantitative methods to determine factors affecting productivity and profitability of beef fattening enterprises in Egypt. Glob. Vet. 14, 77-82.
Galyean M. and Rivera J. (2003). Nutritionally related disorders affecting feedlot cattle. Canadian J. Anim. Sci. 83, 13-20.
Ghoorchi T., Lund P., Larsen M., Hvelplund T., Hansen-Moller J. and Weisbjerg M.R. (2013). Assessment of mobile bag method for estimating of in vivo starch digestibility. Animal. 7, 265-271.
Haddad S.G. and Naser R.E. (2007). Partial replacement of barley grain for corn grain. Associative effects on lambs’ growth performance. Small Rumin. Res. 72, 92-95.
Herrera-Saldana R.E., Huber J.T. and Poore M.H. (1990). Dry matter,crude protein, and starch degradability of five cereal grains. J. Dairy Sci. 73, 2386-2393.
Horadagoda A., Fulkerson W., Barchia I., Dobos R. and Nandra K. (2008). The effect of grain species, processing, and time of feeding on the efficiency of feed utilization and microbial protein synthesis in sheep. Livest. Sci. 114, 117-126.
Javanmard M.R., Kazemi-Bonchenari M. and Afshar S. (2014). Investigation on optimal initial live weight and sex effect for fattening in fat-tailed Lori-Bakhtiari sheep in intensive rearing system. J. Anim. Sci. 3, 240-245.
Koc H. (1996). The effect of sex and initial body weight of the fattening and carcass characteristics of Karaman lambs and economic analysis of fattening. MS Thesis. Gaziosmanpasa Univ., Tokat, Turkey.
Lehmann M. and Meeske R. (2007). Substituting maize grain with barley grain in concentrates fed to Jersey cows grazing Kikuyu-ryegrass pasture. South African J. Anim. Sci. 36, 175-180.
Matras J., Bartle S.J. and Preston R.L. (1991). Nitrogen utilization in growing lambs: Effects of grain (starch) and protein sources with various rates of ruminal degradation. J. Anim. Sci. 69, 339-347.
McAllister T.A., Rode L.M., Major D.J., Cheng K.J. and Buchanan-Smith J.G. (1990). Effect of ruminal microbial colonization on cereal grain digestion. Canadian J. Anim. Sci. 70, 571-579.
McDonald P., Edwards R.A., Greenhalgh J.F.D., Morgan C.A., Sinclair L.A. and Wilkinson R.G. (2011). Animal Nutrition. Longman Group, Harlow, United Kingdom.
NRC. (2007). Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants, Sheep, Goats, Cervids, and New World Camelids. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
Ørskov E.R., Fraser C., Gill J.C. and Corse E.L. (1971). The effect of an intensive production system of the type of cereal and time of weaning on the performance of lambs. Anim. Prod. Sci. 13, 485-492.
Owens F.N. (2005). Impact of grain processing and quality on Holstein steer performance. Pp. 121-140 in Proc. Manag. Market. Qual. Holstein Steers Conf., University of Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Ramsey R., Doye D., Ward C., Mc-Grann J., Falconer L. and Bevers S. (2005). Factors affecting beef cow-herd costs, production, and profits. J. Agric. Appl. Econ. 37, 91-99.
Rotger A., Ferret A., Calsamiglia S. and Manteca X. (2006). Effects of nonstructural carbohydrates and protein sources on intake, apparent total tract digestibility, and ruminal metabolism were studied in vivo and in vitro with high-concentrate beef cattle diets. J. Anim. Sci. 84, 1188-1196.
SAS Institute. (2003). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9.1. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Sayili M., Cimen M. and Karaalp M. (2009). The effects of different initial weight and sex on the fattening performance and economic analysis of fat-tailed lambs in pasture feeding in Turkey Bulgarian. J. Agric. Sci. 15, 435-440.
Seo K.J., Yang J., Kim H.J., Upadhaya S.D., Cho W.M. and Ha J.K. (2010). Effects of synchronization of carbohydrate and protein supply on ruminal fermentation, nitrogen metabolism, and microbial protein synthesis in Holstein steers. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 23, 1455-1461.
Stern M.D., Varga G.A., Clark J.H., Firkins J.L., Huber J.T. and Palmquist D.L. (1994). Evaluation of chemical and physical properties of feeds that affect protein metabolism in the rumen. J. Dairy Sci. 77, 2762-2786.
Storm E. and Ørskov E.R. (1983). The nutritive value of rumen micro-organisms in ruminants. British J. Nutr. 50, 463-470.
Tuncel E., Yildirim Z. and Ak I. (1985). The effect of initial live weight on fattening performance in Malaya lambs. J. Agric. Fac. Uludag Univ. 6, 57-63.
Yahaghi M., Liang J.B., Balcells J., Valizadeh R., Alimon A.R. and Ho Y.W. (2012). Effect of replacing barley with corn or sorghum grain on rumen fermentation characteristics and performance of Iranian Baluchi lamb fed high concentrate rations. Anim. Prod. Sci. 52, 263-268.
Yu P., Huber J.T., Santos F.A.P., Simas J.M. and Therurer C.B. (1998). Effects of ground, steam-faked, and steam-rolled corn grains on performance of lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 81, 777-783.
Zhang J., Zheng N., Shen W., Zhao S. and Wang J. (2020). Synchrony degree of dietary energy and nitrogen release influences microbial community, fermentation, and protein synthesis in a rumen simulation system. Microoranisms. 8(2), 231-239.
Ziani K. and Khaled M.B. (2015). Partial substitution of barley for corn. effect on "Hamra" lamb growth performance, carcass and meat characteristics. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 23, 1573-7438.
