Regulation of Follicular Growth and Development in Sheep
محورهای موضوعی : Camel
1 - Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Selçuk University, 42075, Konya, Turkey
کلید واژه: growth, Sheep, atresia, Follicle, Ovary,
چکیده مقاله :
This manuscript reviews the present knowledge related to folliculogenesis in sheep.Folliculogenesis starts with formation of primordial follicles before birth, present as a pool containing a certain number of follicles. By the attainment of puberty, a group of follicles from that pool starts to grow, a process known as primordial follicle activation or recruitment. The number of growing primordial follicles directly affects the number of available oocytes for fertilization. Many studies, especially in rodents, have been performed to understand the mechanisms that control the primordial follicle growth. Therefore, many autocrine, paracrine, intacrin factors from oocyte, granulasa and surrounding stroma have been identified. These regulating factors depend on species, age, physiological condition of the gonad and the environment. Also, interactions between these regulating factors have been observed and some discrepancies among results were found. The factors regulating primordial follicle activation probably act in concert with gonadotropins and regulate follicle growth and atresia before the antrum formation. Although many studies have been performed to understand the mechanisms controlling preantral follicle growth, no precise key points have been identified. The majority of the factors that affect primordial follicle transition have not yet been studied in sheep, while many studies have been performed to understand the controlling mechanisms of follicular growth through the antral the stages. Therefore new experimental studies are needed to understand the controlling mechanisms of preantral follicle growth.
این مقاله دانش مربوط به فولیکولوژنز در گوسفند را بررسی می‌کند. فولیکولوژنز که با تشکیل فولیکول‌های اولیه قبل از تولد شروع می‌شود، به عنوان یک مخزن شامل تعداد معینی از فولیکول‌ها معرفی می‌شود. با رسیدن به بلوغ، گروهی از فولیکول از آن مخزن شروع به رشد می‌کنند، فرایندی که به عنوان فعال شدن فولیکول اولیه و یا تجدید شناخته می‌شود. تعداد فولیکول‌های اولیه در حال رشد به طور مستقیم بر تعداد اووسیت‌های موجود برای باروری تأثیر می‌گذارد. مطالعات بسیاری، به ویژه در جوندگان، برای درک سازوکار‌هایی که کنترل‌کننده رشد فولیکول اولیه هستند انجام شده است. بنابراین، بسیاری از عوامل اتوکرین، پاراکرین، اینتاکرین از تخمک، گرانولوزا و استرومای اطراف آن شناسایی شده است. این عوامل تنظیم به گونه، سن، وضعیت فیزیولوژیکی گناد و محیط بستگی دارد. همچنین، اثر متقابل بین این عوامل تنظیمی مشاهده شده است و اختلافاتی نیز در میان نتایج وجود دارد. عوامل تنظیم‌کننده فعالیت فولیکول اولیه، احتمالا همراه با گنادوتروپین‌ها عمل کرده و رشد فولیکول و آترزی قبل از تشکیل آنتروم را تنظیم می‌کنند. اگر‌چه بسیاری از مطالعات به درک سازوکار‌های کنترل رشد فولیکول پره آنترال انجام شده است، نکات کلیدی دقیقی مشخص نشده است. اکثر عوامل مؤثر بر انتقال فولیکول اولیه هنوز در گوسفند مورد مطالعه قرار نگرفته است. البته مطالعات زیادی برای درک سازوکار‌های کنترل رشد فولیکولی از طریق مراحل آنترال انجام شده است بنابراین، مطالعات تجربی جدیدی برای درک سازوکار‌های کنترل‌کننده رشد فولیکول پره آنترال لازم است.
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