نقش توانمندسازی جوامع محلی در مدیریت پایدار منابع طبیعی (مطالعه موردی: حوزه رامه شهرستان آرادان)
محورهای موضوعی : کالبدیپیمان اکبرزاده 1 , سید حسن کابلی 2 , محمد رضا رجبی 3
1 - کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران
2 - استادیار بوم شناسی و مدیریت مرتع، دانشگاه سمنان، ایران
3 - کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه سمنان، ایران
کلید واژه: جوامع محلی, مشارکت مردمی, مدیریت پایدار, واژگان کلیدی: توانمندسازی, تشکل,
چکیده مقاله :
چکیده منابع طبیعی یکی از ثروت‌های حائز اهمیت برای نسل‌های کنونی و آینده است که نقش بسیار مهمی در تعادل بوم‌شناختی، درآمدزایی و توسعه روستایی دارد؛ اما این منابع اکنون با بهره‌برداری بیش‌ازحد مجاز و غیراصولی در معرض نابودی قرارگرفته است. حفاظت از این منابع به‌صورت حاکمیتی و با برنامه‌ریزی از بالا به پایین انجام می‌شود و علی‌رغم اقدامات سخت‌گیرانه و هزینه‌های زیاد از طرف دولت، تخریب منابع طبیعی همچنان ادامه دارد، این مسئله نیاز به مدیریتی سازگار برای حفاظت منابع طبیعی با تأکید بر همکاری جوامع محلی را ضروری می‌نماید. جامعه آماری در بخش کمی تحقیق شامل بهره برداران مراتع حوزه رامه بود است. حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران تعیین و تعداد 70 پرسشنامه تکمیل و مقایسه نگرش ساکنین و تحلیل عاملی صورت گرفت. یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد اجرای توانمندسازی و توان افزایی جوامع محلی درنهایت منجر به حفاظت بهتر منابع طبیعی شده و گروه‌های محلی پایدار مانده و رضایتمندی مردم با مشارکت در مراحل برنامه‌ریزی اجرا و پایش حاصل‌شده است. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل داده‌های کمی و کیفی مربوط به اثرات اجرای طرح و میزان واریانس تبیین شده آن‌ها نشان می‌دهد مؤلفه مشارکت مردم در اجرای طرح اثربخش تر بوده و توجیه کننده واریانس بیشتری (95/32) نسبت به دیگر مؤلفه‌ها بود؛ به‌عبارت‌دیگر در تلخیص مؤلفه‌های موردبررسی، مشارکت مردم در اجرای طرح بالاترین رتبه را به خود اختصاص داده است.
References
Abrahampour, M., (2000). Status and Status of Participatory Action and Its Effective Factors on Watershed Management, Proceedings of the First Conference of Natural Resources, Participation and Development, Tehran: Public Extension and Public Participation of Forestry, Rangeland and Watershed Management Organization.
Akbarpour, M., (2015). Role and Performance of Villagers Empowerment in Rural Entrepreneurship (Case Study: Central District of Hashtrood), Geography and Environmental Sustainability, 6 (18), 51-66.
Alipour, P., Zahedi, M.J., Shiyan, M., (2008). Trust and Participation (A Study of the Relationship between Trust and Social Participation in Tehran), Journal of Sociology of Iran, Volume 10, Issue pp. 109-135.
Baghai, M., Chizari, M., feali, S., Mirzaie, A., (2012). Investigating the Factors Influencing and Factors of Participation of Villagers in Watersheds and Providing Strategies for Increasing their Participation Rate. Case Study of Abakiz Zarchehshemeh Hangjan, Seminar on Participatory Water & Soil Development Planning Semnan, Semnan.
Babu, S.C., and Reidhead, W. (2000). Monitoring natural resources for policy interventions:a conceptual framework, issues, and challenges, Global Environmental Change, Volume 20, Issue 4, Pages 636-647.
Dwyer, l., Edwards, D., Mistillis, N., Scott, N. (2009). Destination and Enterprise Management for a Tourism Future, Tourism Management,30(1):63-74.
Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of Semnan Province. (2010). Semnan Province Natural Resources, Public Relations Department of Natural Resources of Watershed Management of Semnan province.
Emami, N., Ahmadpour, A., Abedi Sarvestani, A., Shahraki, M. R., (2016). Investigating the effect of carbon sequestration on the ability of local communities (Case study of Til Abad watershed in Golestan province), Quarterly Journal of Agricultural Promotion and Education Research, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 23-36.
Fazeli, M., (2008). Social Impact Assessment, Sociology Publishers.
Ghorbani, M., Dehbzorghi, M., (2014). Stakeholder Analysis, Social Power, and Network Analysis in Participatory Management of Natural Resources, Journal of Range and Watershed Management, 67 (1), 141-157.
Heydarisarban, V., Roknoddin Eftekhari, A., (2015). An Analysis of Factors Affecting the Empowerment of Farmers in Ardabil Province, Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, Volume 47, Issue 3, Pages 743-755.
Hadiyan Ameri, M.A., Lotfi, S., (2004). Investigating the Role of General Education and Public Participation in the Effectiveness of Soil Conservation Projects, Third National Conference on Erosion and Sediment, Tehran, Soil Conservation and Water Conservation Research Center of Iran.
Hudson, N., (1991). A Study of the Reasons for Success or Failure of Soil Conservation Projects. FAO.
Iran Engineering Consulting Engineers (2006). Investigating the Social Structure of Historical Backgrounds and Experiences of Iran and Some Countries on Participation - Iranian Integrated Consulting Engineers, Workshop on Participatory Development of Water and Soil of the Country, Semnan.
Johnson, N.L., Lilja, N., and Ashby, J.A. (2003). Measuring the impact of user participation in agricultural and natural resource management research, Agricultural Systems, Volume 78, Issue 2, Pages 287-306.
Keene, M., and Pullin, A.S. (2011). Realizing an effectiveness revolution in environmental management, Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 92, Issue 9, Pages 2130-2135.
Khan, M., & Ali, Q.U.A. (2016). Socio-Economic Empowerment of Women in Pakistan; Evidences From Gilgit-Baltistan. International Journal of Asian Social Science, 6(8): 462-471.
Malek Hosseini, A. (2010). Assessment of Socio-Economic Impact of Soleymanshah Dam on the Rural Development of the Area Under the Ministry of Agriculture, Razi University of Kermanshah.
Mojtaba Zadeh Khaneghahi, H., Parsaei Raouf, P., (2014). Investigating the Role of Local Communities in Sustainable Development, Considering the Capabilities of Qeshm Geo Park, Tourism Quarterly and Future Prospects, Fourth Edition, No. 3, pp. 81-96.
Park, E.,& Kim, S. (2014). Enhancing Local Community’s Involvement and Empowerment Through Practicing Cittaslow: Experiences from Goolwa, South Australia. SHS Web of Conferences.
Prato, B.,& Longo, R. (2012). Empowerment of Poor Rural People Through Initiatives in Agriculture and Natural Resource Management. Poverty Reduction and Pro-Poor Growth: The Role of Empowerment: https://www.oecd.org/dac/povertyreduction/50157503.pdf.
Rastin, M., Khatami, S.V., Nouveh, M., Miramad, S.H., Glory, A., (2013). The Role of Women Empowerment in Sustainable Natural Resources Management (Case Study: Faroun Village in the Unconventional Plan for Water Resources Management and Housing in the Province of Semnan), First National Conference on Women and Rural Development, Mashhad.
Rashid Pour, L., Hosseini Jamal, F., (2006). Management Based on Rural Community in Protecting Natural Resources, Journal of Jihad, Promoting Agriculture and Rural Development, 27, No. 277, pp. 21-34.
Sahrawat, k.l., wani, s.p., pathak, p., rago, t.j. (2010). Managing natural resources of watersheds in the semi-arid tropics for improved soil and water quality: A review, Agricultural Water Management. Volume 97, Issue 3, March 2010, Pages 375-381.
Sarmad, Z., Bazargan, A., Hejazi, A., (1998). Research Methods in Behavioral Sciences, Third Edition, Pub.
Sa'di, H., Sha'ban Ali Qomi, H., Latifi, S., (1391). Measurement of the Economic and Social Capacity of Rural Women's Carpets and its Effective Factors (Case Study of Hamedan Province), Journal of Women in Development and Seyyat, Volume 10, Issue 2, Pages 107-126.
Shariati, M.R., Ziyad bbakhsh, S., Varamin, N., (2004). Factors Affecting the Participation of Foresters in Protecting the Forests of the North and West of the Countr, Forest and Rangeland Journal, No. 67, pp. 57-47.
Shakouri, A., Rafat Jah, M., Jafari Behtash, M. (2007) The Components of Women's Empowerment and Explaining Effective Factors on Women, Journal of Women's Research, Vol. 5, No. 1, Pages 1-15.
Shafaghati cherdo, Mehdi. (2002). Effects of Popular Participation and Participatory Management in the Conservation and Restoration of Natural Resources and Aquaculture Operations, Third Aqueductive Conference, Urmia, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Institute.
Schandl, H., and West, J. (2010). Resource use and resource efficiency in the Asia–Pacific region. Global Environmental Change , Volume 20, Issue 4, Pages 636-647.
Welch-Devine M. (2008). “From common property to co-management: Implementing Natural 2000 in Soule”. Doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia, Athens. pp. 145-254.
Yavari, G., Khalili, M., Mirkayei, S.H., (2005). Investigating the Economic and Social Impact of the National Project of Hableh Roud by PRA Method in the Pilot Village of Garmsar County Case Study of Behroud Village, Seminar on Participatory Development Planning of Water and Soil of Semnan.
Zamani, G., (1998). The Effectiveness of Higher Education Affected by Students' Goals and Curriculum, Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, No. 18, pp. 75-96.
