Traditional and local use of medicinal plants by local communities in Hezar Jerib summer area, north of Iran
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان داروییعیسی جعفری فوتمی 1 , موسی اکبرلو 2
1 - دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
2 - دانشیار مدیریت مراتع، دانشگاه منابع طبیعی و کشاورزی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
کلید واژه: Iran, Essential oil, Ethnobotany, Traditional medicine, Hezar Jerib area,
چکیده مقاله :
Background & Aim: Some knowledge about medicinal plants is available in old references or books. But important point is the information of traditional usage of medicinal plants from different parts of Iran will be worthwhile and in addition to encouraging people to it provides a good background for future examination about medicinal plants.The objectives of this study is to identify the medicinal plants along with local names, utilized parts, administration route, ailments treated, therapeutic effect and preparation methods. Experimental: So to get this information, we use semi-structured interviews. This research was conducted in the summer and spring of 2016. During this period around 150 individuals (75 men, 75 women; in an age group between 20 and 95 years) were interviewed in 6 villages. Number of questions in this survey was 15 questions. Ethno botanical data were analyzed by use-reports. In addition important indices like Informant Agreement Ratio (IAR), Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) and Cultural Importance (CI) were calculated. Furthermore, a traditional null hypothesis testing was adopted. These are the most popular indices in quantitative ethno botany. Results: A total of 54 medicinal plants belonging to 22 families were identified. The most common families are Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Apiaceae and Rosaceae, with 22, 17, 5 and 4%, respectively. The most common preparations methods were infusion (52%), eaten raw and decoction (13%). Also, between different parts of the plant, the leaves are mostly used. According to RFC and CI indices, the most important plant is Gallium verum. Nervous disease has the highest Informant Consensus Factor value with the rate of 0.80.Recommended applications/industries: Introduction of medicinal plants in each region, along with their use can be a great help to create jobs and Encouraging people to cultivate these plants.
سابقه و هدف: اطلاعات و نحوه مصرف گیاهان دارویی در منابع قدیمی و یا کتب ترجمه شده مختلف قابل دسترس می‌باشد. اما نکته قابل توجه این است که اطلاعات سنتی مناطق مختلف ایران مورد توجه قرار گیرد و با اطلاع‌رسانی مناسب افراد علاقه‌مند را تشویق به مصرف آنها نموده و زمینه را برای تحقیقات جامع در زمینه خواص و ترکیبات این گیاهان مهیا شود. هدف از این مطالعه شناسایی گیاهان بومی به همراه نام محلی، اندام مورد استفاده، روش استفاده، بیماری که درمان می‌کند، اثر درمانی و روش آماده سازی است. مواد و روش‌ها: برای بدست آوردن این اطلاعات، از مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته استفاده شد. این تحقیق در تابستان و بهار سال 1395 انجام شد. در طول این دوره تعداد 150 نفر (75زن و 75 مرد، رده سنی بین 20 تا 95 سال) در 6 روستا مورد مصاحبه قرار گرفتند. داده‌های دانش بومی بدست آمده از گزارشات به همراه شاخص‌های مهم مانند فراوانی نسبی نقل و قول (RFC)، نسبت توافق گویندگان (IAR)و شاخص اهمیت فرهنگی (CI) محاسبه شدند. به علاوه، آزمون فرض صفر نیز انجام پذیرفت. این شاخص‌ها پرکاربردترین شاخص‌ها در مطالعات دانش بومی کمی هستند. نتایج و بحث: مجموع 54 گونه دارویی متعلق به 22 خانواده شناسایی شدند. خانواده هایی که بیشترین استفاده را دارند به ترتیب، Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Apiaceae و Rosaceae با درصد فراوانی 22، 17، 5 و 4 هستند. متداول ترین روش‌های آماده سازی دم‌نوش (52٪)، خام خوری و جوشانده (13%) می باشند. همچنین بین قسمت های مختلف گیاه، برگ های بیشترین استفاده را دارند. با توجه به شاخص های RFC و CI، مهمتین گیاه دارویی Gallium verumمی باشد.بیماری های عصبی بیشتری مقدار (80/0) IAR را دارند. توصیه صنعتی و عملی: معرفی گیاهان دارویی در هر منطقه، همراه با کاربردهای آنها می‌تواند کمک زیادی برای اشتغال‌زایی و تشویق مردم به کشت این گیاهان باشد.
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