چالش‌ها و موانع آموزش در بسترهای مجازی: سنتزپژوهی براساس مدل روبرتس
محورهای موضوعی : آموزش مجازی
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کلید واژه: چالش‌ها, آموزش مجازی, سنتزپژوهی, مدل روبرتس,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه:آموزش دربسترهای مجازی رویکرد نوین آموزش در نظام‌های آموزشی رسمی و غیررسمی شناخته می‌شود. در این میان شناسایی چالش‌ها و موانع این بستر آموزشی موجب بهبود کارایی و اثربخشی این رویکرد آموزشی می‌شود. روش: رویکرد پژوهش حاضر کیفی و روش آن سنتزپژوهی است. جامعه پژوهش کلیه مقالاتی هستند(296 مقاله) در زمینه چالش‌ها و موانع آموزش مجازی می‌باشد. نمونه پژوهش 31 مقاله است که این تعداد بر اساس پایش موضوعی، اشباع نظری داده‌ها و به صورت هدفمند انتخاب شده‌اند. داده‌های پژوهش از تحلیل کیفی مقالات مورد مطالعه، گردآوری شده-اند.یافته‌ها: با تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها، چالش‌های آموزش مجازی را در 5 بُعد، 18 عامل و 86 مؤلفه سازمان یافت. براساس یافته‌ها مؤلفه‌های منتخب چالش‌های آموزش مجازی شامل چالش‌های رفتاری، چالش‌های سازمانی، چالش‌های آموزشی، چالش‌های فرهنگی- اقتصادی و چالش‌های زیرساختی می‌باشد.نتیجه‌گیری:شناسایی چالش‌های آموزش مجازی، بستر مناسبی جهت رفع این چالش‌ها و از سویی بهبود رویکردهای آموزش مجازی فراهم می‌آورد. امیداست برنامه‌ریزان درسی با توجه به نتایج این پژوهش و پژوهش‌هایی از این قبیل که برآیندی از پیشینه پژوهشی موجود در این زمینه است در راستای تنظیم مناسب برنامه‌های آموزش مجازی گام‌های اساسی بردارند.
Background: Virtual education is a new approach to education in formal and informal education systems. In the meantime, identifying the challenges and obstacles of this educational platform will improve the efficiency and effectiveness of this educational approach. Method: The approach of the present study is qualitative and its method is synthesis research. The research community is all articles (296 articles) on the challenges and barriers of e-learning. The research sample is 31 articles, which have been purposefully selected based on thematic monitoring, theoretical data saturation. Research data were collected from qualitative analysis of the studied articles.Results: By analyzing the data, the challenges of e-learning were organized in 5 dimensions, 18 factors and 86 components. Based on the findings, the selected components of e-learning challenges include behavioral challenges, organizational challenges, educational challenges, cultural-economic challenges and infrastructural challenges.Conclusion: Identifying the challenges of e-learning provides a good platform to address these challenges and improve e-learning approaches. It is hoped that curriculum planners, taking into account the results of this study and research such as this, which is the result of the existing research background in this field, will take basic steps in order to properly organize e-learning programs
Asghari, Mehrdad, Alizadeh, Mahasti, Kazemi, Abdolhassan, Safari, Hossein, Asghari, Farhad, Bagheri Asl, Mohammad Mehdi Heidarzadeh&Siamak (2012). Challenges of e-learning in medical sciences from the perspective of faculty members. Journal of Yazd Medical Education Research and Development Center,7(1),26-34.(in Persian).
Ahmed, T.T. (2013).Toward Successful E-Learning Implementation in Developing Countries: A Proposed Model for Predicting and Enhancing Higher Education Instructors' Participation.International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,3(1), 422- 435.
Andersson, A.(2008). Seven major challenges for e-learning in developing countries: Case study eBIT, Sri Lanka. International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology (IJEDICT), 4(3), 45-62.
Andone, L. & Sireteanu, N-A. (2009). Strategies for technology-basedlearning in higher education. The FedUni Journal of Higher Education,4(1), 31-42.
Aboagye, E. Yawson, J.A. & Nyantakyi Appiah, K.(2020). COVID-19 and E-Learning: the Challenges of Students in Tertiary Institution, 2(1), 1-8s.
Bora, U. J. & Ahmed, M.(2013). E-learning using cloud computing. International Journal of Science and Modern Engineering, 1(2), 9-12.
Bremer, C. (2012). “New format for online courses: the open course future of learning”, paper presented at the eLearning Baltics (5th International eLBa Conference), Rostock:1, 63-90
Casey, D. M. (2008). A journey to legitimacy: The historical development of distance education through technology. TechTrends, 52(2), 45–51.
Conole, G.(2010). Learning design–Making practice explicit.
Geczy P, Izumi N, Hasida K, Mori A, Eto K, & Hirano S. (2014). Social intelligence
Cooper, H. & Hedges, L. V. (2009). Research Synthesis as a scientific process. In H. Cooper, L. V. Hedges, and J. C. Valentine (eds.), The Handbook of Research synthesis and meta-Analysis (pp. 3-16). US: Russell Sage.
Gillett-Swan, J.(2017). The Challenges of Online Learning Supporting and Engaging the Isolated Learner. Journal of Learning Design, 10(1), 20-30.
Groff, J. &Mouza, C. (2008). A framework for addressing challenges to classroom technology use. AACE Journal, 16(1), 21-46
Gunduz, S.(2017). Relationship Between Social Netwoorks Adoption and Social
Ghorbankhani, Mehdi and Salehi& Keyvan(2016) Representing the Challenges of Virtual Education in the Iranian Higher Education System: A Phenomenological Study. Information and Communication Technology in Educational Sciences, 7 (2), 123-148. (in Persian).
Kian& Maryam (2013) Challenges of Virtual Education: Narrating what is not taught in a virtual university. E-learning, 3 (5), 11-22. (in Persian).
iritongthaworn, s. Krairit, D. Nicholas, J. & Dimmitt, H. (2006). The study of e-learning technology implementation: A preliminary investigation of universities in Thailand. Education and Information Technologies, 11(2): 137-160.
Kearns, L. R.(2016). Student assessment in online learning: Challenges and effective practices. Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 8(3), 198-214.
Khan SH, Hasan M and Clement CK (2012) Barriers to the introduction of ICT into education in developing countries: The example of Bangladesh. International Journal of Instruction 5(2): 61–80.
Kisanga D & Ireson G.(2015). Barriers and strategies on adoption of e-learning in Tanzanian higher learn-ing institutions: Lessons. International Journal of Education and Development Information and Communication Technology 11(2): 126–137.
Li HM (2015) The analysis of the ownership and protection mechanism of the intellectual property of univer-sity digital teaching resources [in Chinese]. Journal of Guangxi University for Nationalities (Philosophy and Social Science Edition) 37(3): 113–117.
Lian CH (2009) The phenomenon of ‘Information Isolated Island’ in the construction of university informa-tization and its countermeasures [in Chinese]. Educational Review 2009(1): 36–38
Maben, S. & Helvie-Mason, L.(2017). When Twitter Meets Advocacy: A Multicultural Undergraduate Research Project From a First-Year Seminar. International Journal of Teaching and Learning Higher Education; 29(1), 162-176.
Moakofh, M. Leteane, O. Phiri, T. Pholele, Th. Sebalatlheng, P.(2017). Challenges of introducing e-learning at Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources: Lecturers’ perspective. International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology, 13(2), 4-20.
Moffett, J. (2015). Twelve tips for “flipping” the classroom. Medical Teacher, 37(4), 331-336.
Mohammadi, Mehdi, Keshavarz, Fahimeh, Naseri Jahromi, Reza, Naseri Jahromi, Raheel, Hesampour, Zahra, Mirghafari, Fatemeh and Ebrahimi(2020) Analysis of first graders' experiences of e-learning challenges with social media during the corona outbreak. Educational Research, 7 (18), 29-52. (in Persian).&Shima
Moubayed, A. Injadat, M.N. ou Nassif, A. Lutfiyya, H. Shami, A.(2019). e-Learning: Challenges and Research OpportunitiesUsing Machine Learning & Data Analytics. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 6(1), 1-21.
Moghnian D(2016), Banici P. New outlooks of virtual education. Tehran: Shahrab, Ayandesazan publication. 2(2):183-190.
Naresh, B.& Reddy, B. S.(2015).Challenges and Opportunity of E-Learning in Developed and Developing Countries-A Review.International Journal of Emerging Research in Management &Technology,4(6), 259-262...
Olukayode S. A. (2015). Challenges and Prospects of E-learning at National Open University of Nigeria. Journal of Education and Learning. 9(3), 207-216.
Oroma, J. O.Wanga, H.& Fredrick, N. (2012).Challenges of e-learning in developing countries: The Ugandan experience.InProceedings of INTED2012 Conference, 5th-7th March. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/2.1.4754.1448.
Pakistan. Informing Science and Information Technology,7(1), 1-8.
Prashar A. (2015). Assessing the flipped classroom in operations management: A pilot study. Journal of Education for Business, 90(3), 126-38.
Pani, A.K. Srimannarayana, M. Premarajan, R.K.(2015). e-Learning: Challenges and Solutions –A Case Study. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 13(4),33-40.
Peterson, G.D. & Feisel, L.D.(2002). e-Learning: The Challenge forEngineering Education. A ENGINEERINGFOUNDATION CONFERENCE, 11, 164-169.
Rasmussen, J.(2016). E-learning for choral conductors: a study of how e-learning can be used to change the way we teach and learn conducting
Raspopovic, M. Cvetanovic, S. and Jankulovic, V.(2015). Challenges of Transitioning to an e-learning System with Learning Objects Capabilities.
Rehman, S. & Vivian, R. (2004). "Internet Use by Health Professionals at the Health Sciences of Kuwait University. Online Information Review, 28. 1: 53-60.
Roshani Ali Baneh Si, Hassan, Fathi Vajargah, Kourosh, Khorasani & Abasalat(2017) Quality Challenges of Virtual Education Curriculum Evaluation (Case Study: Shahid Beheshti University). Journal of Educational Measurement and Evaluation Studies, 7 (18), 29-52. (in Persian).
Rezaei, Ali Mohammad (2019). Assessing what students have learned during the Corona: Challenges and solutions. Educational Psychology,16(56),179-214.)in persion.
technologies: menace or aid? The International of Science in Society. 5(1); 47-56.
Intelligence. European Journal of Education Studies, 3(6), 199-214.
Ren YQ, Zheng XD and Wu MY (2016) Promoting the integration and innovation of information technology with education: Interpretation of China’s 13th five-year plan for ICT in education [in Chinese]. Modern Distance Education Research 2016(5): 3–9.
Sangrà Morer, A. Vlachopoulos, D. Cabrera Lanzo, N. & Bravo, S.(2011). Towards and inclusive definition of e-learning. Barcelona: eLearn Center. UOC.
Shafiei Sarvestani, M. Mohammadi, M. Afshin, J. Raeisy, L.(2019). Students’ Experiences of E-Learning Challenges; a Phenomenological Study. Interdisciplinary Journal of Virtual Learning in Medical Sciences, 10(3), 1-10.
Sife, A. Lwoga, E.& Sanga, C.2007.New technologies for teaching and learning: Challenges for higher learning institutions in developing countries.International Journal of Education and Development using ICT,3(2), 1-12.
Sedghi Bukani, Nasser, Mohajeran, Behnaz, Bagheri Majd& Ruhollah (2015). Challenges of Virtual Education in the Educational System of Islamic Azad University. Educational Research Journal, 10(42), 35-50. (in Persian).
Thakker, Sh.V, Parab, J. & Kaisare, sh.(2020). Systematic research of e-learningplatforms for solving challengesfaced by Indianengineering students. Asian Association of Open Universities Journal, 10(1), 1-19.
Wang, Y. Liu, X. & Zhang, Zh.(2018). An overview of e-learning in China: History, challenges and opportunities. Research in Comparative & International Education, 13(1), 195 –210.
Wei L (2016) Discussion on the supply mechanism of government information resources development and utilization under the background of big data [in Chinese]. Industry B 2016(12): 292.
Zameer, A. (2010). Virtual education system:Current myth & future realityin
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Asghari, Mehrdad, Alizadeh, Mahasti, Kazemi, Abdolhassan, Safari, Hossein, Asghari, Farhad, Bagheri Asl, Mohammad Mehdi Heidarzadeh&Siamak (2012). Challenges of e-learning in medical sciences from the perspective of faculty members. Journal of Yazd Medical Education Research and Development Center,7(1),26-34.(in Persian).
Ahmed, T.T. (2013).Toward Successful E-Learning Implementation in Developing Countries: A Proposed Model for Predicting and Enhancing Higher Education Instructors' Participation.International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,3(1), 422- 435.
Andersson, A.(2008). Seven major challenges for e-learning in developing countries: Case study eBIT, Sri Lanka. International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology (IJEDICT), 4(3), 45-62.
Andone, L. & Sireteanu, N-A. (2009). Strategies for technology-basedlearning in higher education. The FedUni Journal of Higher Education,4(1), 31-42.
Aboagye, E. Yawson, J.A. & Nyantakyi Appiah, K.(2020). COVID-19 and E-Learning: the Challenges of Students in Tertiary Institution, 2(1), 1-8s.
Bora, U. J. & Ahmed, M.(2013). E-learning using cloud computing. International Journal of Science and Modern Engineering, 1(2), 9-12.
Bremer, C. (2012). “New format for online courses: the open course future of learning”, paper presented at the eLearning Baltics (5th International eLBa Conference), Rostock:1, 63-90
Casey, D. M. (2008). A journey to legitimacy: The historical development of distance education through technology. TechTrends, 52(2), 45–51.
Conole, G.(2010). Learning design–Making practice explicit.
Geczy P, Izumi N, Hasida K, Mori A, Eto K, & Hirano S. (2014). Social intelligence
Cooper, H. & Hedges, L. V. (2009). Research Synthesis as a scientific process. In H. Cooper, L. V. Hedges, and J. C. Valentine (eds.), The Handbook of Research synthesis and meta-Analysis (pp. 3-16). US: Russell Sage.
Gillett-Swan, J.(2017). The Challenges of Online Learning Supporting and Engaging the Isolated Learner. Journal of Learning Design, 10(1), 20-30.
Groff, J. &Mouza, C. (2008). A framework for addressing challenges to classroom technology use. AACE Journal, 16(1), 21-46
Gunduz, S.(2017). Relationship Between Social Netwoorks Adoption and Social
Ghorbankhani, Mehdi and Salehi& Keyvan(2016) Representing the Challenges of Virtual Education in the Iranian Higher Education System: A Phenomenological Study. Information and Communication Technology in Educational Sciences, 7 (2), 123-148. (in Persian).
Kian& Maryam (2013) Challenges of Virtual Education: Narrating what is not taught in a virtual university. E-learning, 3 (5), 11-22. (in Persian).
iritongthaworn, s. Krairit, D. Nicholas, J. & Dimmitt, H. (2006). The study of e-learning technology implementation: A preliminary investigation of universities in Thailand. Education and Information Technologies, 11(2): 137-160.
Kearns, L. R.(2016). Student assessment in online learning: Challenges and effective practices. Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 8(3), 198-214.
Khan SH, Hasan M and Clement CK (2012) Barriers to the introduction of ICT into education in developing countries: The example of Bangladesh. International Journal of Instruction 5(2): 61–80.
Kisanga D & Ireson G.(2015). Barriers and strategies on adoption of e-learning in Tanzanian higher learn-ing institutions: Lessons. International Journal of Education and Development Information and Communication Technology 11(2): 126–137.
Li HM (2015) The analysis of the ownership and protection mechanism of the intellectual property of univer-sity digital teaching resources [in Chinese]. Journal of Guangxi University for Nationalities (Philosophy and Social Science Edition) 37(3): 113–117.
Lian CH (2009) The phenomenon of ‘Information Isolated Island’ in the construction of university informa-tization and its countermeasures [in Chinese]. Educational Review 2009(1): 36–38
Maben, S. & Helvie-Mason, L.(2017). When Twitter Meets Advocacy: A Multicultural Undergraduate Research Project From a First-Year Seminar. International Journal of Teaching and Learning Higher Education; 29(1), 162-176.
Moakofh, M. Leteane, O. Phiri, T. Pholele, Th. Sebalatlheng, P.(2017). Challenges of introducing e-learning at Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources: Lecturers’ perspective. International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology, 13(2), 4-20.
Moffett, J. (2015). Twelve tips for “flipping” the classroom. Medical Teacher, 37(4), 331-336.
Mohammadi, Mehdi, Keshavarz, Fahimeh, Naseri Jahromi, Reza, Naseri Jahromi, Raheel, Hesampour, Zahra, Mirghafari, Fatemeh and Ebrahimi(2020) Analysis of first graders' experiences of e-learning challenges with social media during the corona outbreak. Educational Research, 7 (18), 29-52. (in Persian).&Shima
Moubayed, A. Injadat, M.N. ou Nassif, A. Lutfiyya, H. Shami, A.(2019). e-Learning: Challenges and Research OpportunitiesUsing Machine Learning & Data Analytics. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 6(1), 1-21.
Moghnian D(2016), Banici P. New outlooks of virtual education. Tehran: Shahrab, Ayandesazan publication. 2(2):183-190.
Naresh, B.& Reddy, B. S.(2015).Challenges and Opportunity of E-Learning in Developed and Developing Countries-A Review.International Journal of Emerging Research in Management &Technology,4(6), 259-262...
Olukayode S. A. (2015). Challenges and Prospects of E-learning at National Open University of Nigeria. Journal of Education and Learning. 9(3), 207-216.
Oroma, J. O.Wanga, H.& Fredrick, N. (2012).Challenges of e-learning in developing countries: The Ugandan experience.InProceedings of INTED2012 Conference, 5th-7th March. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/2.1.4754.1448.
Pakistan. Informing Science and Information Technology,7(1), 1-8.
Prashar A. (2015). Assessing the flipped classroom in operations management: A pilot study. Journal of Education for Business, 90(3), 126-38.
Pani, A.K. Srimannarayana, M. Premarajan, R.K.(2015). e-Learning: Challenges and Solutions –A Case Study. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 13(4),33-40.
Peterson, G.D. & Feisel, L.D.(2002). e-Learning: The Challenge forEngineering Education. A ENGINEERINGFOUNDATION CONFERENCE, 11, 164-169.
Rasmussen, J.(2016). E-learning for choral conductors: a study of how e-learning can be used to change the way we teach and learn conducting
Raspopovic, M. Cvetanovic, S. and Jankulovic, V.(2015). Challenges of Transitioning to an e-learning System with Learning Objects Capabilities.
Rehman, S. & Vivian, R. (2004). "Internet Use by Health Professionals at the Health Sciences of Kuwait University. Online Information Review, 28. 1: 53-60.
Roshani Ali Baneh Si, Hassan, Fathi Vajargah, Kourosh, Khorasani & Abasalat(2017) Quality Challenges of Virtual Education Curriculum Evaluation (Case Study: Shahid Beheshti University). Journal of Educational Measurement and Evaluation Studies, 7 (18), 29-52. (in Persian).
Rezaei, Ali Mohammad (2019). Assessing what students have learned during the Corona: Challenges and solutions. Educational Psychology,16(56),179-214.)in persion.
technologies: menace or aid? The International of Science in Society. 5(1); 47-56.
Intelligence. European Journal of Education Studies, 3(6), 199-214.
Ren YQ, Zheng XD and Wu MY (2016) Promoting the integration and innovation of information technology with education: Interpretation of China’s 13th five-year plan for ICT in education [in Chinese]. Modern Distance Education Research 2016(5): 3–9.
Sangrà Morer, A. Vlachopoulos, D. Cabrera Lanzo, N. & Bravo, S.(2011). Towards and inclusive definition of e-learning. Barcelona: eLearn Center. UOC.
Shafiei Sarvestani, M. Mohammadi, M. Afshin, J. Raeisy, L.(2019). Students’ Experiences of E-Learning Challenges; a Phenomenological Study. Interdisciplinary Journal of Virtual Learning in Medical Sciences, 10(3), 1-10.
Sife, A. Lwoga, E.& Sanga, C.2007.New technologies for teaching and learning: Challenges for higher learning institutions in developing countries.International Journal of Education and Development using ICT,3(2), 1-12.
Sedghi Bukani, Nasser, Mohajeran, Behnaz, Bagheri Majd& Ruhollah (2015). Challenges of Virtual Education in the Educational System of Islamic Azad University. Educational Research Journal, 10(42), 35-50. (in Persian).
Thakker, Sh.V, Parab, J. & Kaisare, sh.(2020). Systematic research of e-learningplatforms for solving challengesfaced by Indianengineering students. Asian Association of Open Universities Journal, 10(1), 1-19.
Wang, Y. Liu, X. & Zhang, Zh.(2018). An overview of e-learning in China: History, challenges and opportunities. Research in Comparative & International Education, 13(1), 195 –210.
Wei L (2016) Discussion on the supply mechanism of government information resources development and utilization under the background of big data [in Chinese]. Industry B 2016(12): 292.
Zameer, A. (2010). Virtual education system:Current myth & future realityin
