طراحی الگوی آمادگی آموزش الکترونیکی در نظام آموزشی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی مهاباد
محورهای موضوعی : آموزش مجازی
روح اله باقری مجد
1
(استادیار گروه مدیریت آموزش عالی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران)
ناصر صدقی بوکانی
2
(استادیار گروه مدیریت آموزش عالی، واحد مهاباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مهاباد، ایران)
کلید واژه: آموزش الکترونیکی, آموزش عالی, موانع آموزش الکترونیکی, آمادگی آموزش الکترونیکی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف تحقیق حاضر، طراحی الگوی آمادگی آموزش الکترونیکی در نظام آموزشی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی مهاباد بود. روش تحقیق آمیخته با رویکرد کیفی و کمی بود. جامعه تحقیق اعضای هیأت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی مهاباد بود. نمونه تحقیق در بخش کمی 120 نفر بود که به روش تصادفی طبقه ای انتخاب شدند. در بخش کیفی 10 نفر با توجه به نمونه گیری هدف‌مند انتخاب شدند. ابزار تحقیق در بخش کمی شامل دو پرسش‌نامه آمادگی آموزش الکترونیکی با پایایی 0/91 و موانع آموزش الکترونیکی با پایایی 0/86 بود. روایی صوری با توجه به نظر متخصصان مناسب گزارش شد. و ابزار در بخش کیفی مصاحبه نیمه ساخت‎مند بوده است. به منظور تحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون تی و تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و تحلیل محتوا (کدگذاری باز، محوری و گزینشی) استفاده شد. نتایج در بخش آمادگی آموزش الکترونیکی با توجه به آزمون تی معنی دار بود و در بخش موانع آموزش الکترونیکی با توجه به تحلیل عامل اکتشافی (چرخش واریماکس) 5 عامل پداگوژی- رفتاری، مدیریتی- ساختاری، اقتصادی- فرهنگی، زمینه ای- تکنولوژی و فردی- حرفه ای شناسایی شد. هم‌چنین، در بخش مصاحبه 59 گزاره مفهومی اولیه و 5 گزاره مقوله اصلی و 14 مقوله فرعی در سه بخش علی، زمینه ای و محیطی شناسایی شده است.
The purpose of the present study was to design an e-learning education model in educational system of the Islamic Azad University of Mahabad. The research method included a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. The statistical population of research included faculty members of the Islamic Azad University of Mahabad. In the quantitative section, through a simple stratified random sampling method 120 individuals were selected as the sample. In the qualitative section 10 individuals were selected as the sample of the study through a purposive sampling method. In quantitative section, data collection instruments were two questionnaires of preparation for electronic education and barriers of electronic education which had a reliability of 0.91 and 0.86, respectively. The face validity was reported appropriate according to the experts' opinion. In the qualitative section the instrument was semi-structured interview. In order to analyze data, t test, exploratory factor analysis and content analysis (open, axial and selective coding) tests were used. Results were significant in the e-learning readiness section according to t test and in the barriers section of e-learning according to exploratory factor analysis (Varimax rotation), five factors were recognized e.g. pedagogy-behavioral, managerial-structural, economic-cultural, context-technological and individual-professional. Also during interviews, 59 primary conceptual propositions in addition to 5 main category propositions and 14 subsidiary propositions were identified in three sections of causal, contextual and environmental.
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Al-Osaimi, K., Alheraish, A., & Bakry, S. H. (2006). An integrated STOPE framework for e-readiness assessments. 18th National Computer Conference.
Anstead, T., Ginzburg, R., Mike, K., & Belloli, R. (2004). Using technology to further the dine college mission. Michigan: University of Michigan Business School.
Asghari, M., Alizadeh, M., Kazemi, A., Safari, H., Asghari, F., & Bagheri-Asl, M. (2012). An investigation of the challenges of e-learning in medical sciences from the faculty members’ viewpoints of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Medical Education and Development, 7(1), 26-34.
Bagheri Majd, R., Seyed Abbaszadeh, M. M., Mehr Alizadeh, Y., & Shahi, S. (2013). Studying and designing the pedagogical pattern in virtual higher education. Information and Communication Technology in Educational Sciences, 3(1), 127-144.
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Boyd-Barrett, O. (2000). Distance education provision by universities: How institutional contexts affect choices. Information, Communication & Society, 3(4), 474-493.
Byrne, J. (1999). The search for the young and gifted. Business Week, 3649, 108-112.
CID. (2002). Harvard University’s Center for International Developments Readiness for the Networked World. The Harvard Model.
CIDCM. (2007). Center for International Development and Conflict Management at the University of Maryland. Retrieved from http://www.bsos.umd.edu/cidcm/projects/ neo.html
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Davidrajuh, R. (2008). Building a fuzzy logic based tool for e-readiness measurement. Electronic Government, An International Journal, 5(2), 120-130.
Dreyfus, H. (2001). How far is distance learning from education? Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 21(3), 165-174.
Elida, T., Nugroho, W., & Suyudi, I. (2012). Cost effectiveness of web based learning. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 65, 1071-6.
Fresen, J. W. (2005). Quality assurance practice in online (web-supported) learning in higher education: An exploratory study. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pretoria.
Fu, Z., Yue, J., Li, D., Zhang, X., Zhang, L., & Gao, Y., (2007). Evaluation of learner adoption intention of e‐learning in China: A methodology based on perceived innovative attributes. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 50(5), 609-615.
Gulati, S. (2008). Technology-enhanced learning in developing nations: A review. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 9(1), 1-16.
Gulati, S. (2008). Technology-enhanced learning in developing nations: A review. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 9(1), 1-16.
Hanafizadeh, P., & Ravasan, A. Z. (2011). A McKinsey 7S model-based framework for ERP readiness assessment. International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems (IJEIS), 7(4), 23-63.
Harrington, S., & Guimaraes, T. (2005). Corporate culture, absorptive capacity and IT success. Information and Organization, 15(1), 39-63.
Harrington, S., & Guimaraes, T. (2005). Corporate culture, absorptive capacity and IT success. Information and Organization, 15(1), 39-63.
Illinois Online Network (ION) University of Illinois. (2007). A tools to assist in the design redesign, and /or evaluation of online courses. Retrieved from http://www. ion.illinois.edu.
Keramati, A., Afshari-Mofrad, M., & Kamrani, A. (2011). The role of readiness factors in elearning outcomes: An empirical study. Computers & Education, 57(7), 1919-1929.
Kheyrandish, M. (2011). Feasibility pattern of executing virtual education. Educ Strategy Med Sci, 4(3), 137-142.
Knight, J. (2004). Internationalization remodeled: Definition, approaches, and rationales. Studies in International Education, 8(1), 5-31.
Lagzian, M., Malekzadeh, G. H., & Hossieni, Z. (2014). A proposed model for examining the organizational readiness assessment of information systems development: A case study of a public university. Information Processing and Management, 29(1), 61-93. (in Persian)
Lepak, P. (2006). A conceptual review of human resource managment system in strategic human resource management research. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 25, 217-271.
Mc Sweeney, Al. (2009). BPM implementation – Success criteria and best practice. Retrieved from www.docstoc.com
Meyen, E., Poggio, J., Seok, S., & Smith, S. (2006). Equity for students with high-incidence disabilities in statewide assessments: A technology-based solution. Focus on Exceptional Children, 38(7), 1.
Miller, B., & Rector, C. (2002). Distance learning in a school nurse credential program. School Nursing, 18(6), 338-345
Mutula, S. M., & Van Brakel, P. (2006). An evaluation of e-readiness assessment tools with respect to information access: Towards an integrated information rich tool. International Journal of Information Management, 26(3), 212-223.
Olson, C. A. (2002). Leadership in online education: Strategies for effective online administration and governance. In K. E. Rudestam & J. SchoenholtzRead (Eds.), Handbook of Online learning: Innovations in higher education and corporate training. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Pavel, A. P., Fruth, A., & Neacsu, M. N. (2015). ICT and e-learning–catalysts for innovation and quality in higher education. Procedia Economics and Finance, 23, 704-711.
Pérez López, S., Manuel Montes Peón, J., & José Vázquez Ordás, C. (2004). Managing knowledge: The link between culture and organizational learning. Knowledge Management, 8(6), 93-104.
Ravesteyn, P., & Versendaal, J. (2007). Success factors of business process management systems implementation. ACIS 2007 Proceedings, 60.
Reichert, R., & Hartmann, W. (2004). On the learning in e-learning. In Proceedings of EDMEDIA (Vol. 4).
Saekow, A., & Samson, D. (2011). E-learning readiness of Thailand's universities comparing to the USA's cases. International Journal of E-Education, E-Business, E-Management and e-Learning, 1(2), 126-131.
Sanayei, A., Torkestani, M. S., & Ahadi, P. (2009). Readiness assessment of Iran’s insurance industry for e-commerce and e-insurance success. International Journal of Information Science and Management, 7(1), 91-105.
Shea, P., Pickett, A., & Sauli, C. (2005). Increasing access to higher education: A study of the online teaching among 913 college faculty. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 6(2). Retrieved from http://www.irrodl. org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/238/493
SIBIS Consortium (2003). SIBIS benchmarking highlights: Towards the information society in Europe and the US. Retrieved from http://www.sibiseu.org/files/Sibis Highlights2002.pdf
Tavangarian, D., Leypold, M. E., Nölting, K., Röser, M., & Voigt, D. (2004). Is
e-learning the solution for individual learning. Electronic E-learning, 2(2), 273-280.
Al-Adwan, A., & Smedley, J. (2012). Implementing e-learning in the Jordanian higher education system: Factors affecting impact. International Journal of Education and Development Using Information and Communication Technology, 8(1), 121.
Al-Osaimi, K., Alheraish, A., & Bakry, S. H. (2006). An integrated STOPE framework for e-readiness assessments. 18th National Computer Conference.
Anstead, T., Ginzburg, R., Mike, K., & Belloli, R. (2004). Using technology to further the dine college mission. Michigan: University of Michigan Business School.
Asghari, M., Alizadeh, M., Kazemi, A., Safari, H., Asghari, F., & Bagheri-Asl, M. (2012). An investigation of the challenges of e-learning in medical sciences from the faculty members’ viewpoints of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Medical Education and Development, 7(1), 26-34.
Bagheri Majd, R., Seyed Abbaszadeh, M. M., Mehr Alizadeh, Y., & Shahi, S. (2013). Studying and designing the pedagogical pattern in virtual higher education. Information and Communication Technology in Educational Sciences, 3(1), 127-144.
Bagheri Majd, R., Shahi, S., & Mehralizadeh, Y. (2014). Assessing challenges in the development of electronic learning in higher education (A case study of Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz). J Med Educ Dev, 6(12), 1-13. (in Persian).
Boyd-Barrett, O. (2000). Distance education provision by universities: How institutional contexts affect choices. Information, Communication & Society, 3(4), 474-493.
Byrne, J. (1999). The search for the young and gifted. Business Week, 3649, 108-112.
CID. (2002). Harvard University’s Center for International Developments Readiness for the Networked World. The Harvard Model.
CIDCM. (2007). Center for International Development and Conflict Management at the University of Maryland. Retrieved from http://www.bsos.umd.edu/cidcm/projects/ neo.html
Connick, G. P. (1999). The distance learner's guide. Western cooperative for educational telecommunications. Prentice-Hall, Inc., One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
Dada, D. (2006). E-readiness for developing countries: Moving the focus from the environment to the users. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 27.
Davidrajuh, R. (2008). Building a fuzzy logic based tool for e-readiness measurement. Electronic Government, An International Journal, 5(2), 120-130.
Dreyfus, H. (2001). How far is distance learning from education? Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 21(3), 165-174.
Elida, T., Nugroho, W., & Suyudi, I. (2012). Cost effectiveness of web based learning. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 65, 1071-6.
Fresen, J. W. (2005). Quality assurance practice in online (web-supported) learning in higher education: An exploratory study. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pretoria.
Fu, Z., Yue, J., Li, D., Zhang, X., Zhang, L., & Gao, Y., (2007). Evaluation of learner adoption intention of e‐learning in China: A methodology based on perceived innovative attributes. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 50(5), 609-615.
Gulati, S. (2008). Technology-enhanced learning in developing nations: A review. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 9(1), 1-16.
Gulati, S. (2008). Technology-enhanced learning in developing nations: A review. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 9(1), 1-16.
Hanafizadeh, P., & Ravasan, A. Z. (2011). A McKinsey 7S model-based framework for ERP readiness assessment. International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems (IJEIS), 7(4), 23-63.
Harrington, S., & Guimaraes, T. (2005). Corporate culture, absorptive capacity and IT success. Information and Organization, 15(1), 39-63.
Harrington, S., & Guimaraes, T. (2005). Corporate culture, absorptive capacity and IT success. Information and Organization, 15(1), 39-63.
Illinois Online Network (ION) University of Illinois. (2007). A tools to assist in the design redesign, and /or evaluation of online courses. Retrieved from http://www. ion.illinois.edu.
Keramati, A., Afshari-Mofrad, M., & Kamrani, A. (2011). The role of readiness factors in elearning outcomes: An empirical study. Computers & Education, 57(7), 1919-1929.
Kheyrandish, M. (2011). Feasibility pattern of executing virtual education. Educ Strategy Med Sci, 4(3), 137-142.
Knight, J. (2004). Internationalization remodeled: Definition, approaches, and rationales. Studies in International Education, 8(1), 5-31.
Lagzian, M., Malekzadeh, G. H., & Hossieni, Z. (2014). A proposed model for examining the organizational readiness assessment of information systems development: A case study of a public university. Information Processing and Management, 29(1), 61-93. (in Persian)
Lepak, P. (2006). A conceptual review of human resource managment system in strategic human resource management research. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 25, 217-271.
Mc Sweeney, Al. (2009). BPM implementation – Success criteria and best practice. Retrieved from www.docstoc.com
Meyen, E., Poggio, J., Seok, S., & Smith, S. (2006). Equity for students with high-incidence disabilities in statewide assessments: A technology-based solution. Focus on Exceptional Children, 38(7), 1.
Miller, B., & Rector, C. (2002). Distance learning in a school nurse credential program. School Nursing, 18(6), 338-345
Mutula, S. M., & Van Brakel, P. (2006). An evaluation of e-readiness assessment tools with respect to information access: Towards an integrated information rich tool. International Journal of Information Management, 26(3), 212-223.
Olson, C. A. (2002). Leadership in online education: Strategies for effective online administration and governance. In K. E. Rudestam & J. SchoenholtzRead (Eds.), Handbook of Online learning: Innovations in higher education and corporate training. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Pavel, A. P., Fruth, A., & Neacsu, M. N. (2015). ICT and e-learning–catalysts for innovation and quality in higher education. Procedia Economics and Finance, 23, 704-711.
Pérez López, S., Manuel Montes Peón, J., & José Vázquez Ordás, C. (2004). Managing knowledge: The link between culture and organizational learning. Knowledge Management, 8(6), 93-104.
Ravesteyn, P., & Versendaal, J. (2007). Success factors of business process management systems implementation. ACIS 2007 Proceedings, 60.
Reichert, R., & Hartmann, W. (2004). On the learning in e-learning. In Proceedings of EDMEDIA (Vol. 4).
Saekow, A., & Samson, D. (2011). E-learning readiness of Thailand's universities comparing to the USA's cases. International Journal of E-Education, E-Business, E-Management and e-Learning, 1(2), 126-131.
Sanayei, A., Torkestani, M. S., & Ahadi, P. (2009). Readiness assessment of Iran’s insurance industry for e-commerce and e-insurance success. International Journal of Information Science and Management, 7(1), 91-105.
Shea, P., Pickett, A., & Sauli, C. (2005). Increasing access to higher education: A study of the online teaching among 913 college faculty. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 6(2). Retrieved from http://www.irrodl. org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/238/493
SIBIS Consortium (2003). SIBIS benchmarking highlights: Towards the information society in Europe and the US. Retrieved from http://www.sibiseu.org/files/Sibis Highlights2002.pdf
Tavangarian, D., Leypold, M. E., Nölting, K., Röser, M., & Voigt, D. (2004). Is
e-learning the solution for individual learning. Electronic E-learning, 2(2), 273-280.
