Journal of Water Science & Engineering: 1 (4)

Open Access Article

1 - Laboratory study of the effect of vegetation arrangement and density on flow resistance coefficient
سمیرا سلمان زاده منوچهر فتحی مقدم جواد احدیان سید محسن ساجدی

This paper has been done by considering the hydraulic conditions of the river flow and the morphological conditions of the vegetation along the river and floodplain. The hydrodynamic drag force was measured directly by use of loadcell in the presence of flexible vegetat More

This paper has been done by considering the hydraulic conditions of the river flow and the morphological conditions of the vegetation along the river and floodplain. The hydrodynamic drag force was measured directly by use of loadcell in the presence of flexible vegetation. Accordingly, all experiments were performed in a flume named "knife edge flume" with 8.3 m length, 0.8 m width and a 0.55 m height. Flexible non-submerged vegetation models with 3 densities (30, 50 and 100%) and staggered arrangement in three relative water depths (0.6, 0.8 and 1) were tested. In this study, vegetation density changed with increasing distance and leaf area of models. The results showed that the drag force significantly depends on the density of vegetation as one of the measurable morphological features of the plant. Density results can be used as a useful criterion in estimating the resistance due to the presence of plant roughness in the river. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Analysis of hydraulic flow changes under the influence of pipe age
وحید یزدانی سپیده یکه باش مازیار بهرامی

The increasing population of cities and the development of industriousness in all countries for water supply has created a twisted problem that can solve only with the help of skilled experts and technicians. This study was completed on several transmission lines, inclu More

The increasing population of cities and the development of industriousness in all countries for water supply has created a twisted problem that can solve only with the help of skilled experts and technicians. This study was completed on several transmission lines, including fiberglass pipes and polyethylene with 110 to 400 mm diameters. Based on the hydraulic analysis, it was found that in the fiberglass pipe transmission line, by increasing the coefficient c from 140 to 135 and from 135 to 130, the rate of increase is equal to 3.2 and 3.5 percent. It should be noted that by creating changes of 3.5 and 7.1 percent in the roughness coefficient values, the portion of the hydraulic drop has increased by 3.2 and 6.7 percent, in pipelines where the water flow rate is close to 1.5 meters per second, the sensitivity increases. According to the results, the increase in drop by changing the coefficient c from 135 to 130 and from 130 to 125 on average in all routes is about 6%. As time goes on and the pipes get old, the designed pressures in the nodes are removed, and to solve this problem, pumping stations should be used, which increases the operating costs. The fiberglass and polyethylene pipes results displayed that the effect of roughness coefficient on drop changes in fiberglass pipes is less than in polyethylene. The results showed that the flow velocity is the aspect influencing the drop changes due to the difference in the Hayes-Williams coefficient. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The effect of the initial relative rate of salt dissolution in the tank on the salinity changes of the dissolved receiving environment (Case study: Gotvand Olya Dam)
علی شفیعی سرارودی مهدی قمشی

The presence of salt domes and streaks around reservoir dams with evaporation formations is one of the most important challenges created around them, which went under water after dewatering the dam and led to excessive salinity of water in the reservoir and downstream o More

The presence of salt domes and streaks around reservoir dams with evaporation formations is one of the most important challenges created around them, which went under water after dewatering the dam and led to excessive salinity of water in the reservoir and downstream of these dams. The general goal of the current research is to obtain an estimate of dissolution amount of rock salt (available in the Gotvand olya dam reservoir) in water. Firstly, the relative speed of rock salt dissolution and then the effect of released salt amount on the salinity changes of different heights of the reservoir water were investigated in a laboratory manner at a period of 27 days. In this study, a physical model including a polyethylene tank with 3 vertical layers and an electronic panel programmed using a PLC device was used in the Faculty of Water Science Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The results of the analysis of dissolved rock salt samples (mg/day) showed that the salinity profile changes initially increased and reached an almost constant value over time. In such a way that on average 25 gr of rock salt was dissolved in the water of the reservoir daily, which indicated the annual dissolution of 5 cm of the salt formation of the Gotvand dam reservoir. On the other hand, the changes in the salinity of the soluble receiving environment bed of the static environment in the laboratory tank indicated a 40-fold difference in the bottom depths salinity of the tank compared to the upper layers and it was a saline supersaturated environment in the receiving environment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Investigation of scour of bridge piers group in different angles using mathematical model and regression analysis
رضا فرزاد ابراهیم نوحانی علی افروس حسن کیامنش

With the advancement of technology for design and construction of structures, it has witnessed the construction of bridges with modern forms, including bridges at different angles. Bridges are one of the most important river structures. One of the major causes of bridge More

With the advancement of technology for design and construction of structures, it has witnessed the construction of bridges with modern forms, including bridges at different angles. Bridges are one of the most important river structures. One of the major causes of bridge collapse is scouring around the bridges. The scouring of various forms of sustainability of hydraulic structures is threatened and erosion. All year round many bridges around the world are damaged due to the role of hydraulic elements. In this research, numerical simulation of scouring in groups 3 and 4 of the bridge at 0, 10, and 15 degrees, and using the flow rate and constant diameter of the foundations using the Flow3D software are considered and the regression analysis is evaluated. . The simulation results indicate that with increasing the slope of the foundations, from 0 to 15 degrees, the scouring rate is reduced, and scouring is high above the base of the base. Also, maximum scouring has been reported around the bases. This research confirms that the slope of the cylindrical bridges of the bridge relative to the straight line directly affects the scouring around the bridges. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Evaluation of water quality loushan olive orchards and negative effects of agriculture on the environment
علی لاهیجی علیرضا قدرتی

Loushan is also one area of the Gilan province with arid southern climates due to low rainfall (average 250 mm per year) and has the highest level of drought to irrigate olive orchards in the province that is dependent on the water from these wells , since the Loushan a More

Loushan is also one area of the Gilan province with arid southern climates due to low rainfall (average 250 mm per year) and has the highest level of drought to irrigate olive orchards in the province that is dependent on the water from these wells , since the Loushan area quality of water of wells is not defined. In order to evaluation of the quality of these waters that about 40 water samples were collected of olive gardens in this area. The results showed that 62.16 % salinity waters are between 700 and 3,000 μmohs/cm and 27 % of waters with a salinity of over 3000 μmohs/cm , that based on classification Wilcox about 13 % of waters are in-class C2S1 and 60 % of waters are in class C3S1 that are component of salt water by applying devices to use and 27 % waters are in-class C4S1 a saline waters and harmful for agriculture . The study found that salinity in irrigation water was very high in some areas and neglect in this area will be a threat to this gardens which caused the accumulation of salts , soil degradation and reduction of yield, thus is essential to strategies for utilizing of this waters and soluble dissolved waters accumulated in the soil. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Investigation of Water Ponds rehabilitations for Control and Storage of Surface Waters in Province of Mazandaran
علی باقری

The water pond is one of water storage structures in the Mazandaran province. In fact, water pond is an earthen storage pool and very large, that by using rake up and excavation of a range and pouring and banging and creating of wall in this area achieved. Surplus surfa More

The water pond is one of water storage structures in the Mazandaran province. In fact, water pond is an earthen storage pool and very large, that by using rake up and excavation of a range and pouring and banging and creating of wall in this area achieved. Surplus surface waters were stored in these ponds during non-agricultural seasons and used in growing seasons. Since most of the water ponds have a long history and were constructed with basic equipment, they have little depth and the walls have not sufficient strength. The heavy rain may destroy walls and cause damages. Besides, the amount of water loss through leakage is high. With the arrival of sediments, water storage volume in the ponds decreased. Considering the foregoing, the water ponds need to dredging, increasing the depth of the reservoir, consolidation of wall. In this study, seven water ponds in the mazandaran province were considered and the impact of their improvements on increasing the water storage volume and control of surface water were evaluated. The results showed that after rehabilitation, storage volume of Water Ponds 19.35 Mm3 increases, this means that for every hectare of water pond after rehabilitations storage volume on average 28043 m3 increases. that this increase of storage volume for every hectare of water pond is equivalent to 185/7 percent. Manuscript profile

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