Urban Sociological Studies: 4 (32)

Open Access Article

1 - .Development of a generic model for crime ridden neighborhood
Mostafa Ejtehadi Salahaldin Qaderi Farshid Khezri

The existence of numerous theories and studies about crime at the level of neighborhood, despite having positive points, suffers from certain kinds of reductionism and ambiguity. Many of these studies have focused on social, economic, cultural and environmental variable More

The existence of numerous theories and studies about crime at the level of neighborhood, despite having positive points, suffers from certain kinds of reductionism and ambiguity. Many of these studies have focused on social, economic, cultural and environmental variables as the prime causes of crime, and have not systematically studied crime at the neighborhood level. Also, theories and studies that have tried to provide a more integrated model for crime analysis at the neighborhood level are still not well suited to combining different levels and dimensions. The purpose of this paper was to present a multidimensional and multilevel model emphasizing the causal factors and mechanisms for explaining crime at the neighborhood level. Without attempting to present a theory, this article tries to provide a comprehensive model for community-based crime studies by reviewing existing theories on social, cultural, economic and environmental dimensions and combining them. The article tries to increase the explanatory power of neighborhood and crime studies. The success rate of this goal is conditional on testing this model using data within and between neighborhoods and also on being criticized by researchers in this area. The model presented in this paper is a multidimensional and multilevel model in which it attempts to combine the external and internal characteristics of the neighborhood with the power of collective and individual actors to explain the crime. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Relationship between the right to city and Legalism (Case of Study: Citizens 18 years of age and above of the city of Yazd)
Akbar Zareshahabadi meysam gholami

The right to city, in addition to indicating active membership of the city along with universal rights and obligations, introduces the city as the most important level of policy and decision –making, emphasizes the right of access to space and the right of citizen More

The right to city, in addition to indicating active membership of the city along with universal rights and obligations, introduces the city as the most important level of policy and decision –making, emphasizes the right of access to space and the right of citizens to participate in shaping their everyday urban life through recognizing the city as a place for the reproduction of social relationships and power. Thus the right to city is considered one of the most controversial urban issues and one of the essentials of urban life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the right to city and law-abiding. The present study was an applied cross-sectional survey-based research. The research population consisted of 411051 citizens of Yazd aged 18 years and above in 1397. By using the Cochran formula, 365 of them were studied by a three-step sampling method. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was verified through face validity and reliability through Cronbach's alpha. The obtained results indicate that the feeling of the right to city and law-abiding among Yazdi citizens is lower than the average level and that there was a significant relationship between the sense of right to city and law-abiding. Regression analysis showed that independent variables could explain 20% of the variations of law-abiding. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Studying the Effects of Social and Economic Factors of Citizens on Urban Metabolism Model with an emphasis on the environmental justice approach
sareh ghorbani Esmaeil Salehi Shahrzad Faryadi hamidreza jafari

This research aimed to investigate the relationship between Socioeconomic Status of Citizens with some urban metabolism Variable with an emphasis on the environmental justice approach. Socioeconomic status index consisted of the average price per square meter of land, P More

This research aimed to investigate the relationship between Socioeconomic Status of Citizens with some urban metabolism Variable with an emphasis on the environmental justice approach. Socioeconomic status index consisted of the average price per square meter of land, Per capita housing, land ownership, housing value, Percentage of employers، Percentage of managers، higher education attainment and illiteracy.  Urban metabolism included items such as energy consumption, and waste and sewage production. Simple linear regression analysis was utilized. The findings demonstrated that, of the various urban metabolism indicators, only gas consumption has a significant relationship with social and economic status of the people. Other indicators such as water consumption, electricity, waste and sewage productions did not have any Statistically Significant Relationship with consumption and socioeconomic status. Finally, this study presents an environmental justice and urban metabolism model conceptual framework by combining three aspects of environmental justice approach in order to make an effective urban metabolism model and improve urban management methods. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Investigating Social Factors Affecting Health (Case of Study: Citizens at the age of thirty and older in Mashhad)
golamreza hassani darmiyan Pejman Ebrahimi Sirizi alireza afshani

The present study aimed at investigating social factors related to the health of citizens at the age of thirty and older in Mashhad. The ideas of Parsons, Keas, network theory, Putnam, Kawachi and Berkman, Hans, Korkila, McIntosh and Spilka were used as the theoretical More

The present study aimed at investigating social factors related to the health of citizens at the age of thirty and older in Mashhad. The ideas of Parsons, Keas, network theory, Putnam, Kawachi and Berkman, Hans, Korkila, McIntosh and Spilka were used as the theoretical framework. This was a survey research and 384 participants were selected via a multi-stage cluster sampling method. A questionnaire was used as the research instrument. The findings indicated that the level of the citizens’ health was moderately high and the highest mean value was related to the physical dimension. Also, there was a direct and significant relationship between social capital, life satisfaction, social support and religiosity with health and there was, as well, a significant negative relationship between social isolation and health variables. Regression model analysis revealed that the examined variables explained about 51/0 of the variations in health. Finally, the results of path analysis indicated that social capital had the most direct effect, while religiosity had the most indirect effect, and life satisfaction had the biggest share in explaining health. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Recognition of the Components of Represented Identity Signs in Isfahan City and their effects on National Identity
Hamidreza Sadighi reza esmaili Mansour Haghighatian

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of recognition of identity signs represented in urban symbols of the city of Isfahan on national identity. The research method was survey. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data.  A class- proport More

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of recognition of identity signs represented in urban symbols of the city of Isfahan on national identity. The research method was survey. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data.  A class- proportional sampling method was utilized to select 620 individuals. The results showed that national identity was a little above the medium level among the respondents. It was also shown that identity components represented in urban signs and symbols of Isfahan were significantly related to national identity. Given that the coefficient of effect was 0.21, it could be said that the effect was direct but relatively weak. The results also showed that the effect of knowing social components (0.63) and of knowing cultural components (0.46) on national identity were direct and high and the effect of knowing religious components was reverse and high (-0.51). In contrast, the effect of knowing political and historical components on the national identity variable was not statistically significant (p <0.05). Therefore, it can be said that the recognition of the social and cultural components represented in urban symbols of Isfahan were able to help the reproduction of national identity among the citizens, but the recognition of religious, political and historical components has not succeeded in this area. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Identifying the components of social entrepreneurship and investigating their effects on empowerment of street children
alieh shekarbeigi parisa farahani

The emergence of different social harms and lack of strategic and macro planning in countries has disrupted the natural growth and development of some children and has presented societies with emerging phenomena of labor children and street children. Therefore this rese More

The emergence of different social harms and lack of strategic and macro planning in countries has disrupted the natural growth and development of some children and has presented societies with emerging phenomena of labor children and street children. Therefore this research aims to identify the components of social entrepreneurship and to find its effects on empowerment of labor and street children. This is a descriptive -correlative study. The research population consisted of managers and the staff of empowerment offices of the city of Tehran that numbered close to 600 persons. Data collecting tool is a 27 items questionnaire that its validity was achieved by content and structure method and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha (0.935). The results showed that social entrepreneurship has direct effect on empowerment of street children. Of the components of entrepreneurship, highest and lowest effects were as follows, respectively: "basic principles of social entrepreneurship" with regression coefficient of 0.831 and "social entrepreneurial program" with regression coefficient of 0.691. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - City, spatial segregation and social relations of Solitary people: A study in Tehran
Elham Rahmatabadi Soheila Alirezanejad Hosein Abolhasan Tanhaee

The main question of this article pertains to the kinds of problems lonely people face in their urban life, and in their social and neighborhood interactions. A combination of two methods, virtual ethnography (or netnography) and grounded theory were utilized. Data were More

The main question of this article pertains to the kinds of problems lonely people face in their urban life, and in their social and neighborhood interactions. A combination of two methods, virtual ethnography (or netnography) and grounded theory were utilized. Data were collected through semi- structured interviews for grounded theory and via the analysis of content quality of solitary people’s diary for netnography. The research participants were chosen through purposeful sampling. The research findings identified six spatial segregation patterns: voluntary, compulsory, sudden, imposed, premature, and natural. Communication fears, low willingness to engage with people, and different types of isolation including social, physical, sexual, verbal, and spatial are among the important effects of experiencing living alone. People who materialized their solitude by spatial segregation are exposed to stigma and private space harassment in social arena and try to retain their solitude by using isolation. Manuscript profile

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