Political Science Quarterly: 2 (43)

Open Access Article

1 - تحول گفتمانی «دولت – ملت» در گذار به ژئوپلیتیک پست‌مدرن (چشم‌انداز دولت پسا‌سرزمینی)
sayyed hadi zarghani ebrahim ahmadi

The basically, subject About the Nation State, Reference all the basic concepts in the Geography political and Go political knowledge is assumed. From the past to the present Security is the main Worry of Nation State Is. The assumptions of this paper seek to answer the More

The basically, subject About the Nation State, Reference all the basic concepts in the Geography political and Go political knowledge is assumed. From the past to the present Security is the main Worry of Nation State Is. The assumptions of this paper seek to answer the question the modern geopolitical transition to post-modern geopolitical nature of security in the Nation State how is that? In fact, while the concept of security is constant, Geographical-political content its function varies with time and place. The concept of security in the modern state (Westphalia), most have a military dimension In Crosslet -border threats (in the form of threats against the integrity of the borders) is defined That is both objective and subjective aspects- But This concept in the post-modern state is different. In fact, from the perspective of postmodernists there is no such thing as absolute, so The Nation State not is absolute security commission. Mentioned Deconstruct of The entry from the bottom geopolitical actors (Environmentalists, indigenous peoples, marginalization common people Social and Economic, Human rights advocates, NGOs, Religious and ethnic minorities, feminists, etc.)Of the sidelines to focus is. So that developments on the Down Nation level (The Local) and transnational (Globalization) The advent of a form of With Nation State security features and Special Sovereignty is. Manuscript profile

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2 - Discourse as an Effective Methodology in International Relations Studies
Tayebeh Mohammadi kia عبدالمجید مبلغی

Today Discourse is widely used in the social sciences. Discourse is generally known by Foucault name and as an Genealogy theory. But this theory has the same methodological applicability. This article studies the meaning of discourse, the views of influential thinkers a More

Today Discourse is widely used in the social sciences. Discourse is generally known by Foucault name and as an Genealogy theory. But this theory has the same methodological applicability. This article studies the meaning of discourse, the views of influential thinkers and the Methodology of discourse. It also explains the possibilities of using Discourse as a methodology in the field of international relations. It discusses the methodology of Discourse as a Post-Structural Methodology in the international relations studying. This paper consists of two parts and each part includes different subjects. The first part, titled “Discourse as a theory and methodology”, includes subjects such as Foucault's Discourse and Genealogy and Archaeology. It also includes a methodological approach to discourse from the perspective of Laclau and Mouffe. The second part, titled "Using Discourse Methodology in International Relations Studies", includes the use of Discourse in the international relations Studies and the understanding of international relations from the Perspective of Discourse Methodology. Manuscript profile

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3 - Comparative study of Islamic Republic of Iran and EU's foreign policy on ISIS crisis from the point of view of Defensive Realism
Mohammadmehdi Ghasemi aliabadi Hossein Masoudnia Seyyed Javad Emam jomezadeh

The post-age period means going beyond ISIS and a period in which ISIS and ISIS's existence are not existential and somewhat ambitious. Its postmodern age will be an era in which frictions are more compact and open space becomes much more direct. In other words, ISIS ha More

The post-age period means going beyond ISIS and a period in which ISIS and ISIS's existence are not existential and somewhat ambitious. Its postmodern age will be an era in which frictions are more compact and open space becomes much more direct. In other words, ISIS has now failed in Syria, and as it moves away, there will be renewed issues and revival of disputed issues between the Syrian oppositionists and Assad. The Syrian crisis has affected Iran and has created challenges in relations between the two countries. The approaches followed by Iran in recent years in the field of foreign policy are rooted in the historical issues and the behavior of policymakers and the motives of the two countries. On the other hand, the European Union, which somehow had a French influence in Syria and now has economic and ... relations with this country, although dissatisfied with the existence of the central government of Damascus under the leadership of the Assad dynasty, It seeks to create a strong security blockade against the influence of the terrorist elements of the Middle East. In this article, we are trying to answer the following question: what are the foreign policies of the regional power of Iran and the transatlantic power of the European Union in relation to Syria? What are their goals? What are the consequences of these goals and the route to them? Manuscript profile

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4 - Political and social consequences of the emergence of the new middle class in Iran during the Second Pahlavi era
saeed jahangiri Abolghasem Taheri

The present article deals with the concept of the new middle class and how it develops and functions at the time of the second Pahlavi years. It can be said that the new middle class, in parallel with its growth, could not find a very high status in political and social More

The present article deals with the concept of the new middle class and how it develops and functions at the time of the second Pahlavi years. It can be said that the new middle class, in parallel with its growth, could not find a very high status in political and social participation, and therefore, contrary to what the government had before, became a government against it. In this regard, different perspectives on the concept of the middle class and the new middle class are presented, and then its historical expansion process is explained in the period under discussion of this paper. The research method used in this article is descriptive-analytic and has been discussed from the angles of this issue. This article attempts to use the concepts and topics in sociology and political sciences about social classes to explain the historical changes of the period under discussion. Accordingly, the fundamental question of the present research is how does the new middle class play a role in the political development of Iran during the Pahlavi era Second has Based on this hypothesis, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's strategic mistakes led to a decline in political development in the growth of the new middle class and the failure to meet their basic qualitative and traditional demands and the new middle class coalition. Manuscript profile

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5 - Woman as victim and terrorist: A reflection on the reasons for joining European women to ISIS
Yousof Qorashi Fatemeh Ahmadnejad

Why European women join ISIS? This question at the beginning of ISIS emergence in the Middle East was a concern for many Muslim communities and their families, and answering to this question gradually became evident by declaring the formation of the Islamic caliphate an More

Why European women join ISIS? This question at the beginning of ISIS emergence in the Middle East was a concern for many Muslim communities and their families, and answering to this question gradually became evident by declaring the formation of the Islamic caliphate and joining more Muslim women to it. In this regard, a handful of research institutes published reports linking ISIS and women, but scientifically, feasible literature did not produce. This made it necessary for initiating an article on the purpose of examining the reasons for joining European women to ISIS. The hypothesis of the article is that women consider herself as victims and joining ISIS based on reasons such as isolation and the lack of sense of belonging to Western culture, oppression and injustice towards the Muslim nation, reaction to the indifference of the international community, and ultimately the establishment of Islamic Utopia. These cases are being examined in the light of Robert Agnew’s General Strain Theory of terrorism. It is presumed that the phenomenon of ISIS is simultaneously considered as a terrorist organization and a government to rely on it to explain the roles of ISIS women. These roles represent the alternatives for women to escape the strains imposed. Manuscript profile

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6 - In the Nature of Modern State-To an Organizational Approach
Ata Anbarani Alireza Azghandi محسن مدیر شانه چی صادق زیبا کلام مفرد

The goal of this article is approaching to a touchable theoretical framework of modern state. The question is that by what kinds of approach the modern state could be studied and investigated. Besides, what are the bases and traits of modern state. In other words by whi More

The goal of this article is approaching to a touchable theoretical framework of modern state. The question is that by what kinds of approach the modern state could be studied and investigated. Besides, what are the bases and traits of modern state. In other words by which theoretical traits the modern state could be recognized better. The author, while giving a short introduction of macro views of modern state, knows the Organizational Approach as the most suitable view for defining the state; because it is free from the deficiencies of other approaches. The method used in this study is historical, descriptive, analytical and comparative. This study while referring to the historical development of modern state in the frame of absolutist state by laying on theoretical framework got from the ideas of Weber, Pierson and Morris, emphasis on the fact that modern state should be investigated as a political organization, so by defining its parts, the nature of modern state( basis, function, nature and traits) could be recognized, and the complexities and ambiguities on the way of defining the state could be reduced. Manuscript profile

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7 - Change and continuity in America's Middle East policy in 2001-2017
Zahra Bagheri Hosein Daheshyar Seyed Mohammad Tabatabaei Mohammad Yousefi Jooybari

Abstract The focus of this article is on the change and continuity in US policy in the Middle East during the Bush, Obama and Period of Trump presidency until 2017. His approach is too far from realism and is nationalist from foreign policy dimension. Trump’s view More

Abstract The focus of this article is on the change and continuity in US policy in the Middle East during the Bush, Obama and Period of Trump presidency until 2017. His approach is too far from realism and is nationalist from foreign policy dimension. Trump’s views show that he has a different approach in international arena compared with two former presidents, Georg W. Bosh and Barak Obama. While Georg W. Bush focused on US superpower aspect with emphasis on some elements such as Unilateralism, Pre-emptive attack and even changing the government in Middle East, Obama considered Multilateralism, enjoying smart power and usage of diplomacy as an important tool to maintain American leadership in the Middle East; but Trump practically has focused on disregarding of US responsibility by negation of main past approaches and among them says:” I am just the American president and no the leader of the world. There is a dominant and primary idea from the “first US” slogan that is return to its own borders and a kind of isolationism possibly. Therefore, the idea of the superiority of America can reflect in political and strategic pattern space of Donald Tramp. In this regard, it is considered the change and continuity of US policy in the Middle East based on Realistic approach. Manuscript profile

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8 - Influence of good governance in respect of human rights
seyed zeinalabedin mousavi Housein aghaei jannat makan nourmohammad nowruzi

Human rights demands have increased human rights around the world. Public opinion has more responsibility for governments than ever before. These developments have contributed to the spread of universal human rights. As a result, some personal and collective rights have More

Human rights demands have increased human rights around the world. Public opinion has more responsibility for governments than ever before. These developments have contributed to the spread of universal human rights. As a result, some personal and collective rights have been promoted and more important. International humanitarian law is under way in pursuit of human rights, and the issue of human rights and good governance has been placed on the agenda of international institutions and has led to the issuance of international documents The total of these developments has increased the expectations of the good governance of society and sees the way to guarantee and respect human rights in a kind of governance that has changed the concept of "good governance". Good governance is the ideal form of government that governs public affairs on the basis of indicators such as accountability, rule of law, accountability, government efficiency, the fight against corruption, central justice and the right to comment, and guarantees human rights.This type of governance is seriously addressed in response to human rights demands and the pursuit of democracy, in the field of public law and, of course, in international documents, and has been emphasized by international law in international treaties and emphasized by the majority of international lawyers. The author that observance and guarantee of human rights are not possible except in the light of good governance.Human rights implementation ensures the implementation of human rights indicators that achieve good governance and ensure the implementation of human rights. Manuscript profile

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9 - مسئولیت بین المللی دولت ایالات متحده امریکا از اعمال تحریم های یک جانبه برعلیه جمهوری اسلامی ایران
جعفر حیدرقلی زاده دکتر صمد قائم پناه

مسئولیت بین المللی یکی از اساسی ترین نهادهای حقوقی بین المللی است که موجد حق وتکلیف برای اعضای جامعه بین المللی بوده وجزء قواعد اولیه نظام بین المللی محسوب می شود. در مسئولیت بین المللی عمده توجهات به مسئولیت دولتها معطوف استکه زمینه ساز اسقرار حاکمیت قانون در جامعه بین More

مسئولیت بین المللی یکی از اساسی ترین نهادهای حقوقی بین المللی است که موجد حق وتکلیف برای اعضای جامعه بین المللی بوده وجزء قواعد اولیه نظام بین المللی محسوب می شود. در مسئولیت بین المللی عمده توجهات به مسئولیت دولتها معطوف استکه زمینه ساز اسقرار حاکمیت قانون در جامعه بین المللی می باشد.از این رو، قائل شدن به مسئولیت بین المللی برای دولت ها باعث نظامندی حقوق بین الملل است،دولتها در جامعه بین المللی دارای حاکمیت و صلاحیت می باشند و از آنجا که آنها در جامعه بین المللی زندگی می کنند، بایدحقوق یکدیگر را رعایتنموده و اگر دولتی در اثر رفتار خود موجب ورود خسارت به دیگر تابعان فعال حقوق بین الملل گرددیا یک تعهد بین المللی از سوی یکی از این تابعان نادیده انگاشته وموجبنقض یک تعهد بین المللی شود این تابعانبا مطرح نمودن آن رفتارمی توانند مسئله مسئولیت و نقض یک تعهد بین المللی دولت وارد کنندهخسارت را پیش بکشند.هدف این نوشتار بررسی تحریم هاییک جانبهایالات متحده امریکا برعلیه جمهوری اسلامی ایران و مسئولیت بین المللیقائل شدن به آن دولت می باشد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان می دهد که این تحریم ها به طور یک جانبه وخارج از قطعنامه ها و مقررات منشورسازمان ملل متحدوضع شده ومغایربا موازین حقوق بین المللی و حقوق بشری است، همچنین ناقضتوافقات وتعهدات دوجانبه از جمله: عهدنامه مودت 1955، بیانیه الجزایر 1981و موافقتنامه برجام 2016 که موجب ورود خسارت های مادی و معنوی بر جمهوری اسلامی ایران شده است Manuscript profile

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