Journal of Novel Researches on Plant Protection: 1 (1)

Open Access Article

1 - Evaluation of importance and molecular characterization of Cucumber Mosaic Virus in Cucurbits Fields of Kavar area
Fatemeh Bagheri Kavous Ayazpour

Cucumber mosaic virus [CMV] is one of the most important viruses infecting cucurbits worldwide. To study CMV infections in cucurbit fields of Kavar region in Fars province, samples were collected from watermelon, melon and squash plants showing symptoms of mosaic, yello More

Cucumber mosaic virus [CMV] is one of the most important viruses infecting cucurbits worldwide. To study CMV infections in cucurbit fields of Kavar region in Fars province, samples were collected from watermelon, melon and squash plants showing symptoms of mosaic, yellowing, necrotic spots and stunting. A total of 85 samples were collected during spring and summer 2014. The infection of samples was examined using DAS-ELISA and RT–PCR. The serological method confirmed the infection of 40 samples with CMV. The coat protein gene of the virus was amplified by RT-PCR, using primers P1 and P2, which confirmed the results of DAS-ELISA. The amplified genes of three isolates were sequenced and compared with 19 corresponding sequences from Genbank. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using MEGA6, by Neighbor-joining method. Sequenced were divided to two separate groups, and all Iranian sequences were placed in group A. The results of this study showed a significant infection with CMV in melon fields of Kavar region which may cause significant yield losses. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Evaluation of efficacy of Aliado and Cyazofamid fungicides against downy mildew of local and commercial cucumber in Guilan
Elham Ghasemi Fereydoun Padasht Dehkaei Bizhan Yaghoubi Alireza Torang

Downy mildew is one of the most important foliar disease of field and greenhouse cultivated cucumber which caused by the Pseudoperonospora cubensis and engender significant economic damages in Iran annually. The effect of ALIADO with dose rates of 1, 2, and 3 g/l and Cy More

Downy mildew is one of the most important foliar disease of field and greenhouse cultivated cucumber which caused by the Pseudoperonospora cubensis and engender significant economic damages in Iran annually. The effect of ALIADO with dose rates of 1, 2, and 3 g/l and Cyazofamid (Ranman® SC 400) at the rate of 0.5 ml/l on the control of the disease was assessed on local (susceptible) and commercial (very susceptible) cultivars in the field condition. The experiment was done in randomized complete block design with 4 replication (local cultivar) and 3 replication (PS cultivar), in Kiashahr which has a history of cucumber cultivation and downy mildew disease occurrence. Spraying was carried out immediately after the appearance of disease symptoms and was repeated at intervals of 10, 7 and 5 days. For evaluation of each treatment, data was recorded based on disease severity on the leaves from 4 plants in each plot after 10, 7 and 5 days of fungicides application. Data collected were analyzed by SPSS software and Tukey test. Results showed that fungicide application caused significant decrease in the disease severity compared with the control treatment. The disease control rates were 89.3%, 85.8% and 79.7% on the local cultivar and 86/1%, 85.1% and 77.79% on the commercial cultivar in Cyazofamid and ALIADO with dose rates 3 and 2g/l respectively after the last spraying. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Effects of Marjoram, wild mint and Summer savory essential oils on mycellial growth of Botrytis cinerea
Ehsan Hasanvand seddiqe mohammadi Tahereh Basirnia

The use of antifungal compounds such as essential oils for the preservation of natural fruits during the storage period has dramatically been rising. In this study, the individual essential oils of Marjoram (Origamum marjorana), wild mint (Mentha longifolia) and Summer More

The use of antifungal compounds such as essential oils for the preservation of natural fruits during the storage period has dramatically been rising. In this study, the individual essential oils of Marjoram (Origamum marjorana), wild mint (Mentha longifolia) and Summer savory (Satureja khuzistanica) were employed for the control of corruption of fruits during the storage period. In this study, the antifungal activity of essential oils was investigated on growth a specie of plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea on PDA medium and fruit tissues. Antifungal activities on PDA medium were measured by disk diffusion and volatile essential oil methods. To evaluate the effects of the essential oils on fungal growth in fruit tissue, the Kiwi were inoculated with 30 µl of spore suspension (106 spore/ml), and then fruits were sprayed with 4 and 20 µl/ml of the essential oils. Seven days after inoculation, fruits were evaluated in terms of pollution. To calculate the percentage of infected fruit was divided into eight parts and the number of infected fruit fungus pathogen contamination in 12.5% multiplication and percentages were calculated. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design with three replications. Essential oils have showed significant inhibitory effect on fungus growth. The results showed that most inhibition of growth in a paper disk method was in order for fungus B. cinerea related to the essential oil of Summer savory 56.54 percent respectively and volatile essential oil methods was related to the essential oil of Summer savory was 55.97 percent respectively. The results inoculated of the fruit tissue with a spore suspension B. cinerea showed that respectively treatment (20µl/ml) of Marjoram (with 35.42% of disease) had the inhibitoriest effect against the pathogen. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Life table parameters of Tuta absoluta (Lep:, Gelechiidae) at different constant temperatures under laboratory conditions
Rahil Asadi

The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), is a key insect pest of tomato in Iran and many other countries. The experiment initiated with 100 newly eggs and they were monitored daily in order to record the different development stages mortality. Also daily fecundity More

The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), is a key insect pest of tomato in Iran and many other countries. The experiment initiated with 100 newly eggs and they were monitored daily in order to record the different development stages mortality. Also daily fecundity per female was recorded. This experiment that started by 20 female continued until death of all adult females. The effects of different constant temperatures, as the most important bioclimatic factor, on the life table and population growth parameters of tomato leafminer were determined under controlled laboratory conditions at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C, 60 ± 5 % RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. From the survival rate and fecundity schedule of T. absoluta at each constant temperature, the population growth parameters including net reproduction rate (R0), intrinsic rates of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), mean generation time (T) and doubling time (DT) were calculated with Jackknife method and SAS statistical software. According to the results, the highest and lowest survival rates at the beginning of adult emergence were 0.93 and 0.43 at 20°C and 35°C, respectively. Life expectancy of newly laid eggs were 46.23, 35.17, 29.53, 17.11 and 10.81 days and at the beginning of adult emergence were 27.22, 21.63, 16.33, 9.56 and 5.31 days at above temperatures, respectively. The lowest and highest values of intrinsic rate of increase were 0.07 ± 0.01 at 35°C and 0.21 ± 0.01 (d-1) at 20°C, respectively. The values of net reproductive rate were 3.31, 43.05, 37.54, 20.03 and 7.74 (females/female) at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C, respectively. The values of finite rate of increase at tested temperature were 1.01, 1.27, 1.14, 1.09 and 1.02 (d-1), respectively. Furthermore, the mean generation time decreased by increasing temperature, as its minimum value was obtained 10.24 ± 0.18 at 35°C. The values of doubling time at above mentioned temperatures were 12.06, 3.36, 3.68, 9.83 and 15.11 days, respectively. The results revealed that the population growth parameters of T. absoluta were affected by temperature as a critical abiotic factor.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Investigating the Effect of Management Operations on the Time of Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) Emergence in Soybean
rahman khakzad Behroz Khalil Tahmasebi

Redroot pigweed is one of the most common dicotyledonous weeds in the world that is widely distributed in many agricultural areas. Thus, in order to evaluate the effect of different management practices on the emergence time of spotted spurge, a split-split plot experim More

Redroot pigweed is one of the most common dicotyledonous weeds in the world that is widely distributed in many agricultural areas. Thus, in order to evaluate the effect of different management practices on the emergence time of spotted spurge, a split-split plot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with three replications in Dasht-e-Naz Sari in 2016 and 2017. Two tillage systems (Conventional tillage and no-till), three soybean densities (200,000; 300,000 and 400,000 plant ha-1), and three doses of imazethapyr (0, 50, and 100 g ai ha-1) were considered as experimental factors. The redroot pigweed emergence was significantly affected by management practices including tillage system, soybean seeding rate, and imazethapyr dose. Conventional tillage required a thermal time (TT) of 266.72 and 139.33 d °C to reach 50% emergence in 2016 and 2017, respectively, while for no-till, the respective TT requirements were 187.19 and 132.11 d °C. On increasing soyabean density from 200 000 to 400 000 seeds ha-1, the TT requirements for 50% emergence (T50) of redroot pigweed also increased. The T50 at the herbicide dose of 100 g a.i. ha-1 was 234.56 and 142.81 d °C in 2016 and 2017, respectively, while for the non-herbicide treatment, the respective TT requirements were 217.80 and 136.09 d °C. From an integrated weed management perspective, a combination of conventional tillage with a soyabean density of 400 000 seeds ha-1 and a 100 g a.i. ha-1 imazethapyr dose not only resulted in the lowest redroot pigweed seedling density m-2 but also caused the longest delay in the time to reach the T50. This condition provided more time for soybeans to establish better and improve their competitive ability. The results of our study could help to develop effective management strategies for this species. Manuscript profile

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