Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology: 4 (29)

Open Access Article

1 - Construction and Standardization of Organizational Psycho-Pathologic Diagnostic Test
منوچهر کامکار منوچهر کامکار علی دلاور حسن احدی حسین آزاد

The main purpose of this research was to construct and standardize an organizational psycho-pathologic diagnostic test among industrial-productive and administrative-serving Organizations in Isfahan city. For this purpose the first organizational psycho-pathologic diagn More

The main purpose of this research was to construct and standardize an organizational psycho-pathologic diagnostic test among industrial-productive and administrative-serving Organizations in Isfahan city. For this purpose the first organizational psycho-pathologic diagnostic questionnaire was prepared with questions on the basis of preliminary administration on workers ( from industrial-productive and from administrative-serving Organizations) and theoretical constructions. Then, operant workers were randomly selected ( from industrial-productive and from administrative-serving Organizations) and the questionnaire was administered to them. Finally, items were selected for organizational psycho-pathologic diagnostic test on the basis of two criteria including positive correlation with a total score of test and positive factorial load on only one factor. The construct validity of the test was investigated with an exploratory factor analysis and Varimax method of rotation. Six factors were found: dramatic (with questions), depressed (with questions), psychotic (with questions), paranoid (with questions), anxious (with questions), obsessive-compulsive (with questions), organizations. These six factors accounted for percent of the total scales variance. Eigen value of this factors were and . Internal consistency and test-retest reliability showed that the alpha for six sub-scales was. and respectively. The split-half coefficients also were. and respectively. The result of test-retest showed that timing reliability coefficients of the scale and sub-scales were. and and the total was significant (P < ) the total test-retest coefficients also were in addition to evidences related to the validity and reliability questionnaire, statistical standards, such as mean, standard deviation, percentile ranks (from to percentile ranks) and standard scores (such as Z,T and Stanine scores) was also prepared and presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - A Study of Reliability and Validity of Depression-Happiness Scale (DHS)
علی‌اصغر بیانی

The main objective in this study was to examine the reliability and validity of Depression-Happiness Scale (DHS). Therefore, a sample of students from Islamic Azad University of Azadshahr was randomly chosen. The reliability of DHS was tested through three methods of More

The main objective in this study was to examine the reliability and validity of Depression-Happiness Scale (DHS). Therefore, a sample of students from Islamic Azad University of Azadshahr was randomly chosen. The reliability of DHS was tested through three methods of Cronbach's alpha, test-retest. The correlation coefficients were and respectively. The validity of DHS was evaluated through construct validity and administration of both Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI) and Beck depressing Inventory (BDI). A significant positive correlation coefficient of emerged between DHS and OHI this correlation for BDI was with . In general, The Persian Version of Depressing-Happiness Scale showed to have fairly acceptable level of reliability and validity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Predicting the Organizational Commitment and their Components from Seven Personel and Organizational Variables
محسن گل‌پرور ـ سید حمیدرضا عریضی سامانی

The aim of this study was to predict the organizational commitment and their components (i.e Identificational, Exchange, and Affiliation commitment) from seventeen variables including participation to decision making, organizational citizenship behaviors, job perspectiv More

The aim of this study was to predict the organizational commitment and their components (i.e Identificational, Exchange, and Affiliation commitment) from seventeen variables including participation to decision making, organizational citizenship behaviors, job perspective, confidence in supervisor, pay satisfaction, promotion opportunity, internal motivation, supervising quality, desire to remain turnover intention, job attachment, work attachment and satisfaction with supervisor and coworkers. In order to reach the goals of the research, participants (male and female) were randomly selected from a public organization's personnel. Balfor and Wechsler's ( ) scale were used for measurement of the organizationa commitment and their components. The validity and reliability of the research instruments were investigated and verified. Stepwise regression analysis was used for data analysis. The results showed that in six steps: job attachment, participation in decision making, pay satisfaction, job perspective, promotion opportunity, and turnover intention were multiple correlation coefficient with identificational commitment and they are able to explain percent of this variable variance. The exchange commitment results showed that in six steps: supervision quality, job perspective, job attachment, pay satisfaction, satisfaction with coworkers and desire to remain have multiple correlation coefficient with exchange commitment and they are able to explain percent of this variable variance. For affiliation commitment, the results showed that in six steps: supervision quality, promotion opportunity, participation decision-making, pay satisfaction, desire to remain and satisfaction with coworkers had multiple correlation coefficient with affiliation commitment and were able to explain percent of this variable variance. For general organizational commitment, the results in eight steps: supervision quality, desire to remain, promotion opportunity, pay satisfaction, job perspective, satisfaction with coworkers, participation in decision making and job attachment had multiple correlation with general organization commitment and they were able to explain percent of this variable variance. Regression equations were also presented for predicting the indentificationa, exchange, affiliation and general organizational commitment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - A Comparison of Three Methods of Drug, Cognitive and Behavior Therapy in Reducing Depression Among Adolescents
اصغر آقایی مرضیه رفیعیان اصفهانی حمیدرضا نیک‌یار ایران مهدیزادگان

This study was quasi-exprerimental and the purpose was to compare the effectiveness of three methods of drug, cognitive, and behavior therapy in the reduction of depression in adolescents. The subjects in this research were depressed adolescents aged to referred to More

This study was quasi-exprerimental and the purpose was to compare the effectiveness of three methods of drug, cognitive, and behavior therapy in the reduction of depression in adolescents. The subjects in this research were depressed adolescents aged to referred to two counseling centers in Isfahan. The depressed were those who had acquired a score of or more on Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and diagnosed as depressed by psychologists and psychiatrists according to DSM-IV-IR criteria. Sixty of the above-mentioned subjects were randomly assigned to four groups of drug, cognitive, behavior therapy and control. The instruments for this research were psychological assessment, beck's Depression Inventory and Demography Questionnaire. Beck's Depression Inventory was used as the pre and post-test. The drug group received anti-depression drugs such as SSRIs (Fluoxetine, Fluvoxamine, Sertraline) or other drug combinations with increased Lithium with effective doses. The two of cognitive and behavior groups therapy took part in seven sessions of hours structured instruction and practice. The control group received no treatment. The variables, age, sex, education and economic status of the subjects were controlled. To analyze the data, percentages, mean, standard deviation and distribution tables were used. As for inferential statistics, covariance analysis and LSD follow-up test were used to compare the groups in pairs. The results indicated that the post-test of depression showed a significant difference between the four groups (P = ). However, there was a significant difference between the means depression of each group and the control group (P = ). The effect of each therapy was as follows: drug therapy percent, cognitive therapy percent, and behavior therapy percent. Finally, the results showod that drug, cognitive and behavior therapy were-effective in the reduction-of depressionin adolescents. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The Effect of Teaching Mothers Child-Control Skills on Reduced Symptoms of Attention Deficit / Hyper-Activity Disorder (ADHD) in Children and Reduced Depression in Mothers
بهرام میرزائیان حسن احدی حسن پاشا شریفی حسین آزاد

ADHD causes multiple problems for many students, affecting their cognitive, social, emotional and familial performance and their professional and conjugal performance during adulthood. Furthermore, the parents of children suffering from ADHD experience a great deal of m More

ADHD causes multiple problems for many students, affecting their cognitive, social, emotional and familial performance and their professional and conjugal performance during adulthood. Furthermore, the parents of children suffering from ADHD experience a great deal of mental pressure and are seen to undergo depression, feeling of restriction, increased frustration, decreased capability and self-confidence as well as conjugal disputes. The aim of the present work is to study the effect of training parents how to control child's behavior on reduced symptoms of ADHD, improved child's behavior and on decreased proclivity to suffer from depression in the mothers of children suffering from ADHD. For this purpose, students aged suffering from ADHD with a history of referrals to the counselling and mental health centers in Sari were selected purposefully on the basis of clinical interviews and their responses on SNAP-IV questionnaire. Subsequently, the sample subjects were matched for age, gender, and education and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. On the sessions training for child-control skills within the experimental group, only mothers were trained for hours in accordance with Barclay's and forhand's programs. However, the control group received no training through to the end of the posttest. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The Effect of A Course of Selected Aerobic Exercises on the Mood Disorders in Students Aged
قاسم رحیمی محمد کارگر اصغر آقایی

The main purpose of the present research is to investigate the impact of a certain exposure of aerobic exercises and movements on the subjects with modal disorders (depression and mania). The subjects were years old male students in the city of Shiraz in the Province More

The main purpose of the present research is to investigate the impact of a certain exposure of aerobic exercises and movements on the subjects with modal disorders (depression and mania). The subjects were years old male students in the city of Shiraz in the Province of Fars, Iran. Shiraz is divided into four educational areas. In this investigation, the researcher randomly took four schools each of which is located in one of the four areas. Then, from each school three classes were randomly chosen. Thus, we had classes with subjects who were given the pretest of MMPI personal questionnaires. Then their reactions were evaluated and graded, and those who had answered over average on the test of depression and the test of mania, being exactly , were marked as the trial subjects. Then, from each group with any of the disorders, the researcher chose subjects randomly, and each group of was divided into two subgroups of ten, regarding their prestest scores, to be as the experimental groups were exposed to the treatment, ie, the defined aerobic movements and exercises given in three sessions per week for about two months ( weeks) and each session lasted forty-five minutes and the treatment matched tension of vo max , and of course the control group during the period of treatment did not receive any regular sport program and activity. At the end, the groups were given their post-test to see if there was any important change in their reactions to the test. The results were analyzed by comparing their co-variances which led to the following findings: a. A significant difference was observed in the averge of the testees' scores of the subjects with the depression problem regarding their post and pre reactions. b. There was also a significant difference between the average scores of mania subjects comparing their post-and pre-test scores. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - A Compartive Study of the Effect of Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Group Training on Self-Esteen of Esfahan University Dormitory Students
اکرم مظاهری ایران باغبان مریم فاتحی زاده

The main pupose of this study was to abtain and compare the effect ot group training utilizing behavioral and cognitive-behavioral techniques on self- esteem of esfahan university students living in dormitory. The sample of this research consisted of dormitory stude More

The main pupose of this study was to abtain and compare the effect ot group training utilizing behavioral and cognitive-behavioral techniques on self- esteem of esfahan university students living in dormitory. The sample of this research consisted of dormitory students, selected by survey and randomly placed in two experimental and control groups. Each group included ten subjects. The instrument utilized was Ellis Pope self-esteem inventory. The independent variable was an session self-esteem group training utilizing behavioral and cognitive-behavioral techniques for the experimental groups. The result of this study however indicated that: group training utilizing behavioral and cognitive-behavioral techniques has been significantly effective on students' self-esteem (P < ) and there were significant difference's between the two techniques (P < ). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - A Comparision of Job Burnout in General Surgeons and Internists in Isfahan
لاله عاطف مریم روح‌الامین ابوالقاسم نوری حسین مولوی

The purpose of this study was to compare the degree of burnout in general surgeons and internists. Therefore general surgeons and internists were randomly selected from the list of Isfahan medical certificate organization. The Maslash-Jackson Job Burnout Inventory ( More

The purpose of this study was to compare the degree of burnout in general surgeons and internists. Therefore general surgeons and internists were randomly selected from the list of Isfahan medical certificate organization. The Maslash-Jackson Job Burnout Inventory (MJJBI) and a researcher-made Job Satisfaction Inventory (JSI) and a demographic questionnaire were used and filled by all subjects. The internal consistency coefficient for the first two questionnaires were and the concurrent validity coefficient between them was . It was hypothesized that there would be significant differences between the two groups in job-burnout subscales: emotional, personal accomplishment, depersonalization. The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that general surgeons significantly scored higher on analysis of variance showing that general surgeons significantly scored higher than internists on the following scales: Total job burnout (P= ), emotional exhaustion (P= ), personal accomplishment (P= ), job satisfaction (P= ), however, with regard to depersonalization the difference was not significant. Also female physicians significantly scored higher than males on the following variables: Total job burn-out (P= ), emotional exhaustion (P= ), job satisfaction (P= ). But the differences between the males and females mean score of depersonalization and personal accomplishment were not significant. Manuscript profile

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