Journal of Law and Politics: 5 (10)

Open Access Article

1 - Thinking about the Concept of Right to Development
Iraj Rezayi nejad

This article examines the complex and arguable concept of right to development in the light ofInternational Human Rights law and interprets it in an operational manner.It moved the concept of development beyond the economic growth of states and past earlierUN debates wh More

This article examines the complex and arguable concept of right to development in the light ofInternational Human Rights law and interprets it in an operational manner.It moved the concept of development beyond the economic growth of states and past earlierUN debates which were centered on development as a right among states. By casting developmentas a Human Right, the Declaration brought forth an appreciation that developmentis not what happens as a result of economic growth or development planning, it is a processthat allows for the full range of rights and has its goal to pursue self-actualization of people inconditions of dignity through the exercise of their rights. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Understanding of Nation-State in Theories of International Relations
Sreyed Abdol-Ali Ghavam Afshin Zargar

This article reviews different understandings of Nation-State in IR theories. studying different IRtheories and recognizing their weaknesses and strength for presentation of suitable understandingabout Nation-State, and reentering the theme of order in IR theories and d More

This article reviews different understandings of Nation-State in IR theories. studying different IRtheories and recognizing their weaknesses and strength for presentation of suitable understandingabout Nation-State, and reentering the theme of order in IR theories and dividing it into two categories- intrastate order and interstate order - this article has made an attempt to achieve suitableunderstanding about the way of making and changing states in International Relations. To achievethis goal, we emphasize on the proximity of IR therory to Political theory. Therefore in this way wecan offer the primary researching pattern for a more precise understanding of why, how and whatthe Nation-Stateis. (appearance, evolution and function.)This study approves that we can not ignore the issue of Nation-State with aspects dimensionsof it, especially appearance, evolution and change (Nation-State making in IR studies because suchignorance will lead to offering defective and incomplete understanding of IR particularly centralactor of it; Nation-State. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The U.S.A Strategy about Energy
Abolghasem Taheri

The U.S. energy Policy, independence reduction, diversification and utilizing new energies areamong the U.S. measures to reinforce its presence in oil-bearing regions.

The U.S. energy Policy, independence reduction, diversification and utilizing new energies areamong the U.S. measures to reinforce its presence in oil-bearing regions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Global Sovereignty and Development of Cooperation Approach in International Policy
Seyed Mehdi Moradi

This study aims at investigating International Relations view points regarding cooperationsto define the concept of Global Sovereignty. Global Sovereignty in the context of internationalInstitutionalism seeks to deal with the management of international affairs as a pro More

This study aims at investigating International Relations view points regarding cooperationsto define the concept of Global Sovereignty. Global Sovereignty in the context of internationalInstitutionalism seeks to deal with the management of international affairs as a process.In response to this question that if development of international cooperations is assumedas a paradigmic change, this article has attempted to consider the consider the concept ofparadigm beyond the issue of cooperations and therefore Global sovereignty only refersto the countries tendencies toward the development of cooperations and not as a dominantpattern in International Relations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The Comparative Study on Reservation Right for Consignee in Various Types of Contracts for Transport
Amir Hoseyn Fakhari Sharareh Mofidian

carrier shall be obliged to deliver goods to consignee in accordance with mentioned qualificationin Bill of Lading Hence, consignee has direct right arising from contract of carriage against carrier.The right of consignee has not been mentioned in Acts and in internatio More

carrier shall be obliged to deliver goods to consignee in accordance with mentioned qualificationin Bill of Lading Hence, consignee has direct right arising from contract of carriage against carrier.The right of consignee has not been mentioned in Acts and in international conventions as«Reservation Right», but by giving right to consignee for sending notice of claim after receipt anddetermining damages and importance of them , the reservation right has practically established infavor of consignee. The right of Carrier in time of receiving goods for mentioning the qualificationof goods in Bill of Lading, is recognized as reservation right. On the other hand, a similar right isconsidered at the end of carriage in favor of consignee In destination, consignee shall have right todeclare the non-conformity of goods with description of Bill of Lading at delivery or to maintain hisright by sending the notice according to regulation after delivery and inspection. Although the rightof consignee can not be mentione in Bill of Lading like the right of carrier, but it could not be entitledother than «Reservation Right for Consignee» .There are different discussions over basic of the rightof consignee against that for carriers’ due to relativity of contract .In some international regulations,right of action for consignee shall be eliminated if notice is not brought timely, except for the case ofcarrier’s malice. It will be necessary to consider some excuses for lack of timely notice circumstancebecause of its gross compensation. Incidentally determining identification of carrier in text of Acts orconventions can be effective in establishment of justice in proper time with lower costs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Compulsive Geniture or Voluntary Departure “A review or the, consequences of criminalization and decriminalization on abortion”
Reza Mohajerin

This article examines various aspects of abortion from a criminological perspective. Theseaspects are distinguished from each other on basis of their nature and sources for its betterunderstanding and convenient studying.Although according to Islamic Criminal law aborti More

This article examines various aspects of abortion from a criminological perspective. Theseaspects are distinguished from each other on basis of their nature and sources for its betterunderstanding and convenient studying.Although according to Islamic Criminal law abortion is a violent crime and thereforeoffenders are imposed severe punishment, the necessity of taking a different approach to ourlaw is unavoidable. Because of direction of applying protective policies to them in conformationwith International standards on the one hand, and vulnerabilities to violent behaviors andincrease of next crimes on the other hand, decriminalization from abortion is a must.Hence, criminalization of abortion is the basis of creating further crimes and decriminalizationof abortion will prevent further crimes Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - ؟
Majid Roohi

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؟ Manuscript profile

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