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List of Articles
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Open Access Article
1 - Investigation of arsenic removal methods from drinking water with emphasis on metal nanoparticles (titanium dioxide and zinc oxide) and activated carbon
Nastuna Ghanbari Sagharloo Mohammad rabani Lida salimi Hossein Ghafourian Seyed mohammad taghi SadatiPourBackground and Objective: Arsenic is one of the heavy metals with a very high health priority. High concentrations of arsenic in water sources can cause many problems, including gastrointestinal and cardiovascular problems, and even some cancers in consumer populations. MoreBackground and Objective: Arsenic is one of the heavy metals with a very high health priority. High concentrations of arsenic in water sources can cause many problems, including gastrointestinal and cardiovascular problems, and even some cancers in consumer populations. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the methods of removing arsenic from drinking water with emphasis on metal nanoparticles (titanium dioxide and zinc oxide) and activated carbon. Material and Methodology: This study was a review that was reviewed to study all articles in domestic and foreign databases such as IranModex, IranDock, SID and Google Scholar, Direct science, World Health Organization information base, Pubmed. The keywords heavy metals, arsenic, arsenic removal method, metal nanoparticles, surface water and groundwater were used to search. Findings: A review of studies on the removal of arsenic from water sources showed that since the separation and removal of arsenic from drinking water is very important, various methods such as coagulation and flocculation, ion exchange, filtration and adsorption to remove arsenic from water have been used. Due to good efficiency, low cost and ease of use and other management and environmental considerations, adsorption methods for arsenic removal in water resources have been well introduced. Which is one of the optimal methods of activated carbon. Among the various adsorption methods, activated carbon is a good adsorbent for the removal of 5-valent arsenic (As V), and its efficiency requires pre-oxidation to remove 3-valent arsenic (As III), which is best done with some modifications on activated carbon. For this purpose, nanoparticles have been considered much more for arsenic removal because they can greatly improve the removal efficiency and eliminate the need for pre-oxidation in the water treatment process. Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that iron nanoparticles alone or in combination with other metals, titanium in combination with other metals, especially zinc, cerium and zirconium had significant efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Monitoring and modelling of forest changes in Gorgan area using Geomod
Somayeh Galdavi Marjan Mohammadzadeh rassoul Mahiny Ali Najafi NejadBackground and Objective: Each year, a wide range of forests change to the other uses such as agricultural and residential lands. Forests in northern Iran are no exception, and this decrease has been seen nearly everywhere. Therefore, the research was conducted with the MoreBackground and Objective: Each year, a wide range of forests change to the other uses such as agricultural and residential lands. Forests in northern Iran are no exception, and this decrease has been seen nearly everywhere. Therefore, the research was conducted with the aim of forest changes modeling in Gorgan area using Geomod model. Material and Methodology: In the present study, forest changes occurred in Gorgan area was detected during 20 years. Then, forest change modeling was performed using Geomod. To do this, land use maps for the study time period were prepared using satellite imagery. Then, change detection process was performed by post-classification comparison technique. The Geomod was run to simulate forest changes in this area. Findings: Forest change detection and its modelling showed the reduction of forest area in the region. Also, modeling results were validated using kappa indices which resulted in more than 0.99 and indicated model capability in the depicted forest changes in this area. Then, the future condition of forest areas were predicted using the model. Discussion and Conclusions: Results showed that forest areas have been decreased in this time period that development of residential areas and agricultural lands are the main reason for this. So, managerial and protectoral programs such as determining agricultural lands' boundaries, preventing their expansion, preventing rural expansion, and restricting accessible to forest areas were suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Geographic Distribution and Habitat Suitability Modeling of Great Gerbil (Rhombomys opimus) by Maximum Entropy Model in Golestan Province
Mohsen Ahmadpour Hossein Varasteh Moradi Hamid Reza Rezaei Mohamad Ali Oshaghi Abasalt Hosseinzadeh ColagarBackground and Objective: Today, the geographical distribution of a species based on maximum entropy using spatial data from geographical information system, remote sensing data and statistical techniques have a great contribution on conservation management of species. MoreBackground and Objective: Today, the geographical distribution of a species based on maximum entropy using spatial data from geographical information system, remote sensing data and statistical techniques have a great contribution on conservation management of species. The aim of this study is evaluate the effects of environmental variable on distribution and habitat suitability of great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus) and predicting its habitat in Golestan province, Iran. Material and Methodology: For this purpose, 272 presence-only data and 13 environment variables as independent variables were selected for this species. Then, geographic distribution and habitat suitability modeling were performed by maximum entropy approach in MaxEnt software, using to these presence data and variables. Findings: Our results showed that, some of the habitat variables including: altitude, NDVI, soil type and climate had the greatest plays for habitat suitability and geographical distribution of R. opimus in this area. While that, aspect had less effects than other variables. Discussion and conclusion: Based on our findings, habitats of R. opimus was continues and about 10.1% of Golestan province pereidicted as a suitable habitat for the great gerbil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Quantity and quality evaluation of the Cellulose Nanocrystalline Production from Date Palms (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) by Hydrolysis Method
Ali khaziri Hassan Zaki Dizaji Mohammad Reza Fathi EmadabadiBackground and Objective: Cellulose in the wastes and losses of the agricultural branch can be a good source to produce cellulose-based valuable materials in the industry. Cellulose and nanocrystalline cellulose are extracted and produced by various processes from diffe MoreBackground and Objective: Cellulose in the wastes and losses of the agricultural branch can be a good source to produce cellulose-based valuable materials in the industry. Cellulose and nanocrystalline cellulose are extracted and produced by various processes from different natural sources. The subject of this study was to investigate the conditions of acid hydrolysis on the structure of cellulose nanocrystals produced from palm waste. Material and Methodology: In this research, cellulose was first extracted from Date palm leaves, and it was then converted to the cellulose nanocrystal by acid hydrolysis of the nanocrystal cellulose. In this research, the effect of 3 temperature parameters (at 30, 45 and 60 ° C) and 3 time (at 45, 60 and 120 minutes on three levels) on the quality and quantity of nanocrystals from palm tree leaves were investigated. Several experiments with infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size measurement (PSA) techniques were used to analyze qualitative and quantitative qualities such as factor groups, morphology, diameter distribution and shape Nanocrystals have been studied. Findings: The results showed that more severe treatments produce smaller Nano-crystals. The results of the Particle Measurement (PSA) showed that most extractive particles have dimensions ranging from 5 to 100 nanometers and are mostly 30 nm. Also, the results (XRD) showed that extractive nanocellulose had a purity of between 70 and 80 percent. In this study, the time of 60 minutes and 60 Celsius temperatures were identified as the best factors among similar factors. In this treatment, 50% of particles have a mean diameter of 1.37 nm. The maximum and minimum diameter of the observed particles was 6.34 and 0.41 nm, respectively. Also, the results of cellulose extraction from palm leaf showed that increasing the temperature in the lignification and coloring step increases the purity of the extracellular cellulose. In addition, the increase in temperature resulted in a decrease in the amount of cellulose produced, possibly due to the increased effect of chemical treatments and cellulose degradation. Discussion and conclusion: The results showed that if the extracted cellulose nanocrystals were transformed into a network, they had the potential to be used in nano filters and nano-scaffolds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Problems Sunflower Growers Sonqor with Emphasis on Sunflower Harvesting Machine
Masoomeh Amerian Afsaneh Malekhosini yasin mamarash hadi mamsoltan deh shamsBackground and Objectives: Due to the important role of Sonqor in the production of high quality sunflower and also observed reduce the area under cultivation of this crop in recent years, the present study aimed to investigate the problems were sunflower growers Sonqor MoreBackground and Objectives: Due to the important role of Sonqor in the production of high quality sunflower and also observed reduce the area under cultivation of this crop in recent years, the present study aimed to investigate the problems were sunflower growers Sonqor with an emphasis on sunflower harvesting machine. Materials and Methods: The research method used is descriptive - survey. The statistical society was all sunflower farmers Sonqor (N=300) that among them using Morgan table, 169 persons were selected using the random sampling as the statistical sample. Interview method and questionnaire instrument were used to collect data that Interview method was used to identify questionnaire items. So general approach was study qualitative-quantitative consecutive. For the questionnaire validity of the panel of experts was used and its reliability was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha that appropriate number 0.72 was obtained. To analyze the data was used of factor analysis. Findings: According to the results, 32.1% of sunflower growers were in the age range of 31-40 years and 75% of them had agricultural jobs. 31.2% had middle school education and 2.4% of sunflower growers were very satisfied with their jobs. About 90% of the sunflower growers had moderate to high satisfaction with the sunflower harvesting machine. Results of factorial analysis showed that sunflower growers Sonqor problems in six of the lack of government support, problem selling, planting and harvesting difficult, costly and manual harvesting, marketing problems, and difficulty processing were classified. Discussion and Conclusion: Among the factors, lack of government support has the most important role in explaining problems Sonqor sunflower growers. The basic problems of sunflower growers in this city are the lack of support for agricultural jihad and agricultural research centers, which can play a very important role in increasing the area of cultivation and reducing the harvest waste of this crop. It is important to observe the proportionality between the capacity and the cost of the harvesting machine for supply. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Determining the efficiency of farmers with emphasis on proper management of chemical input consumption and environmental effects (Case study of beet growers in Ghaen city)
elahe Ahani Hamid Mohammadi وحید دهباشی Alireza Sarghazi S.Mohammad Jafari EsfahaniBackground and Objective: Sugar beet, as one of the important sources of energy supply, plays an important role in food security of society. Therefore, the optimal use of agricultural inputs in the production of this product, in addition to increasing productivity and r MoreBackground and Objective: Sugar beet, as one of the important sources of energy supply, plays an important role in food security of society. Therefore, the optimal use of agricultural inputs in the production of this product, in addition to increasing productivity and reducing production costs, leads to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and reducing the negative impact of improper consumption of agricultural inputs on the environment. Finds. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to determine the efficiency range of farmers based on the use of agricultural inputs in an optimistic-pessimistic framework, and analyze the environmental effects of input consumption. Material and Methodology: Information needed to conduct research was collected through interviews and completing 48 questionnaires among sample beet growers in Ghaen city in the 99-98 crop year. Findings: The average efficiency of farmers in the output-input mode was equal (0.7011, 1.7606) and the average efficiency of farmers (0.427, 0.0352) was calculated. The results show that 42.7% of the product is produced per unit consumption. Also, the average amount of inputs such as: seed consumption, phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen and toxins in the production of sugar beet, respectively, is estimated at 3.370, 54.2, 139.70 and 2.523 kg / ha. The amount of carbon dioxide emitted due to the production of sugar beet and the consumption of essential inputs such as: nitrogen fertilizer, and seed consumption, the toxin is 1480.73, 984.65, 1.53, 11.49 kg / ha, respectively. According to the results, nitrogen fertilizer has the greatest environmental impact. Discussion and conclusion: In the production of sugar beet, different types of inputs are used, which in addition to increasing the yield, also have an environmental effect. Therefore, by informing farmers through their presence and participation in extension classes and also by educating farmers about the proper management and consumption of chemical inputs, the harmful effects of their overuse in the production process can be prevented. Brought. In order to reduce the biological and protective effects, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and replace livestock and organic fertilizers by producers and policy makers should be considered. Also, review the implementation of subsidy reduction policies and the realization of the price of chemical fertilizers and consumer inputs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Study of Physical, Geochemical and Mineralogical Properties of Dust in Lorestan Province (Case Study: Kuhdasht Constituency)
Hamid Alipor Kazem TaleshiBackground and Objective: The phenomenon of dust is one of the biggest serious environmental problems in arid and semi-arid regions. More than two thirds of Iran is located in this climate. This phenomenon can damage infrastructure and agricultural products and cause a MoreBackground and Objective: The phenomenon of dust is one of the biggest serious environmental problems in arid and semi-arid regions. More than two thirds of Iran is located in this climate. This phenomenon can damage infrastructure and agricultural products and cause a lot of economic damage. Therefore, since the study area is in the western part of Iran and is highly exposed to dust. On the other hand, so far no comprehensive study has been conducted in this field in the region, so this research is a necessity. Scientific and practical objectives of the research include: Investigating the diversity of soils in the region and their relationship with landforms in the region, Investigating the temporal distribution of dust characteristics in the region, Investigating the soil characteristics of the study area and Hur al-Azim wetland in Khuzestan This is a phenomenon. Material and Methodology: For this study, Kuhdasht basin with an area of 456 square kilometers located in western Iran and southwestern Lorestan province was considered. 12 glass traps with dimensions of one square meter were installed in the area to trap dust at a height of about 2.5 meters above the ground. And seasonal dust samples were prepared during 2015. Sampling was performed for origin from the surface soil of the region and Hur al-Azim wetland. To determine the concentration of heavy metals, the chemical digestion step was performed by the ETHOS 1 microwave device made in Italy. Then, to determine the concentration of elements, atomic absorption apparatus (Perkin Elmer Analyst, 3030) with detection limit of ppm and ppb and flame technique was used and for cadmium metal concentration through graphite furnace technique. Meanwhile, the region's flower was drawn by WRPLOT software, 7.0.0. Finding: The highest rate of dust subsidence is in spring and the lowest in autumn. The average annual subsidence rate of the region is 11.51 tons per square kilometer per year. The textile class of silt sludge dust particles and the particle transfer index from areas with medium to high distances. The average concentration of heavy metals in dust is higher than the soil of the region. In general, the results showed that cadmium and zinc elements have very high pollution factor, nickel and lead have significant pollution and manganese and copper elements have low pollution. The elements cadmium, zinc and nickel, which have an enrichment factor of more than 10, are of human origin, but the element lead is of natural and human origin together, and the elements manganese and copper are of natural origin in the region. The similarity of minerals and the presence of evaporative minerals in fine dust reinforces the hypothesis that it is part of the origin of wetland and offshore particles. However, the study of chemical properties indicates the role of local resources in the generation of dust. Discussion and Conclusion: The main flow of dust in all seasons in the study area is from cross-border areas. The amount of dust is highest in spring and lowest in other seasons, which is lowest in autumn. The particle size distribution class is silty loam, which indicated the presence of resources at medium to relatively close distances to the area. The rate of subsidence in the region indicates the type of regional dust. The concentration of heavy metals in dust is high in winter and the element zinc has the highest amount. The level of pollution index of all elements indicates the spread of pollution in the region. Clay mineralogy showed that the presence of evaporative minerals strengthens the hypothesis of wetland origin and transboundary. In general, this study showed that the deserts of the mentioned neighboring countries and dust sources of Khuzestan province (located in the south of the region) are the main sources of dust in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Investigation on Adsorption of Ni, Cu and Cd by Nano-Zeolite
HosseHossein Kamran Haghighi Mehdi IrannajadBackground and Objective: In this paper, the preparation of nano zeolite was carried out at different grinding times using a dry planetary ball mill. Sodium Hexa Meta Phosphate (SHMP) was introduced as the dispersant in the milling of natural zeolite adsorbent. In the n MoreBackground and Objective: In this paper, the preparation of nano zeolite was carried out at different grinding times using a dry planetary ball mill. Sodium Hexa Meta Phosphate (SHMP) was introduced as the dispersant in the milling of natural zeolite adsorbent. In the next step, to remove and adsorb heavy metal ions such as nickel, copper, and cadmium, the application of nano zeolite was studied in batch mode. Material and Methodology: In this paper, zeolite nanoparticles were produced using planetary and ball mills. Adsorption experiments were conducted to investigate the adsorption of nickel, copper, and cadmium using new nano zeolite adsorbent. Findings: The effect of Sodium Hexa Meta Phosphate (SHMP) on grinding and adsorption of ion metals by nano zeolite was investigated and results showed that the application of SHMP led to lower energy consumption in grinding and had a positive effect on nickel and cadmium removal from aqueous solution by nano zeolite particles. Discussion and Conclusions: The effect of sodium hexametaphosphate on the absorption of nickel, cadmium, and copper metals showed that this reagent had a positive effect on the absorption of nickel and cadmium ions on nanozeolite particles, but it did not affect the absorption of copper ions. Nano-zeolites have a larger external surface area and a shorter diffusion path length due to having nano-sized particles, so their absorption capacity is very high. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Investigating the environmental problems of not respecting the privacy of rivers and providing solutions to reduce it
hanihe hashemvand Maraym Ilanloo ali ghasemiBackground and Objective: The increase in encroachment on the bed and privacy of rivers has become a meta-crisis. This encroachment takes place in various ways, such as the creation and construction of unauthorized mansions, illegal and indiscriminate sand harvesting, r MoreBackground and Objective: The increase in encroachment on the bed and privacy of rivers has become a meta-crisis. This encroachment takes place in various ways, such as the creation and construction of unauthorized mansions, illegal and indiscriminate sand harvesting, river destruction, draining sewage and garbage, digging wells, etc. Several factors, including inappropriate laws, the weakness of the executive system, and the problems of the judicial system, have played a major role in the occurrence of these problems. The purpose of the research is to investigate the environmental problems of not respecting the privacy of rivers and the solutions to reduce it. Material and Methodology: This research is considered as descriptive-analytical research because we get new findings. Since it deals with determining and identifying the environmental problems of not respecting the boundaries of rivers, it is considered to be of an applied type. The data collection method is a library. In order to collect information, by referring to the relevant organizations, including the Ministry of Energy, Water and Soil Resources, the necessary information related to the boundaries of rivers was collected in the years 1380 to 1400. Part of the information of satellite and aerial images has been obtained. Findings: The results of the research show that the incomplete implementation of the law on fair distribution of water and the relevant regulations, the multiple management of the river bed and the boundaries, the existence of legal loopholes, the lack of ownership documents for the river bed, and ineffective water proceedings against the trespassers have caused this public wealth of Jolangah. be invaded and occupied. Discussion and Conclusion: The most important result of this research is that one of the most important reasons for the occurrence of floods and inundation is the non-observance of river boundaries in different regions of the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Health risk assessment of cadmium, lead and chromium elements in indoor and outdoor dust under impressed one in the region of east and south-west of Iran (Ahvaz, South Pars region and Zabol)
Seyedreza Asvad Abbas Esmaili Sari Nader BahramifarBackground and Objective: Air pollution is one of the most important threats to human health and ecosystems. One of the most common pollutant of outdoor and indoor is dust, which is an important source of toxic elements, especially in urban environments. In this study, MoreBackground and Objective: Air pollution is one of the most important threats to human health and ecosystems. One of the most common pollutant of outdoor and indoor is dust, which is an important source of toxic elements, especially in urban environments. In this study, the concentration of selected elements (cadmium, chromium and lead) and their health risk assessment in indoor and outdoor dust in Ahwaz, South Pars region and Zabol were measured. Material and Methodology: 100 dust samples were collected from indoor and outdoor the homes of the studied areas during the summer of 2017. Dust samples were digested using an acid digestion method by mixing HClO4-HF-HNO3 acids with 1: 2: 4 ratios. The total concentrations of elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS 7800). Risk assessment of selected elements in dust was performed using Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines. Findings: The results of risk assessment of selected elements from indoor and outdoor dust of homes showed that the highest non-cancerous and cancerous risks in indoor and outdoor dust for both adult and child groups is related to chromium element. While, the lowest cancerous and non-cancerous risks for both adult and child groups is related to lead and cadmium elements, respectively. Furthermore, the study of non-cancerous and cancerous risks caused by selected elements in the studies areas showed that in Ahvaz city, the risk caused by these elements is higher than the other regions. Discussion and conclusion: In general, the results of the hazard index (HI) and total cancer risk (TCR) indicate for selected elements indicate risk and should be subject to control and monitoring conditions. Manuscript profile
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