IAU Entomological Research Journal: 2 (2)

Open Access Article

1 - Comparison of several sampling techniques to estimate population densities of the grape leafhopper Arboridia kermanshah Dlabola (Hem., Cicadellidae)
M. Latifian H. Seyedoleslami J. Khajeali

Several sampling techniques including sweeping net, D-Vac traps for adults and three different methods of nymph counting (direct count, leaf washing and suction method) were compared in two vineyards in Isfahan, in 1996-1997. Adult grape leafhopper were sampled weekly b More

Several sampling techniques including sweeping net, D-Vac traps for adults and three different methods of nymph counting (direct count, leaf washing and suction method) were compared in two vineyards in Isfahan, in 1996-1997. Adult grape leafhopper were sampled weekly by sweeping net (10 sample per vineyard) and D-Vac apparatus (10 samples per vineyard each sample unit consisted of 3 minutes suction). Number of nymphs was recorded weekly on leaves. Sample unit was three leaves per tree taken from three strata in the vine canopy of 10 trees. Two parameters including relative variation (RV) and relative net precision (RNP) were used for comparing the sampling methods. Results showed that the best duration time of sampling unit to catch adults was 120-180s by D-Vac. Sweeping net (RV= 18.87 and RNP=2.88) was more suitable than D-Vac in IPM sampling program for the method using D-Vac apparatus. D-Vac was more suitable for studying the adult population fluctuations because of a minimum RV during the season. But its sampling costs was more than other methods. Washing method (RV= 2.9 and RNP= 13.3) was more suitable than direct counting and vacuum in IPM sampling program for nymphs. All three methods were suitable for ecological studies of nymphs but their efficiencies were different for different nymph instars. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Effect of insect growth regulators on digestive system of Colorado potato beetle larvae, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Col., Chrysomelidae)
H. Farazmand

Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Col., Chrysomelidae) is one of the most important pests of potato in potato-producing countries. Considering the evolution of insecticide resistance in this insect, the effects of three insect growth regulators (I More

Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Col., Chrysomelidae) is one of the most important pests of potato in potato-producing countries. Considering the evolution of insecticide resistance in this insect, the effects of three insect growth regulators (IGRs), including Diflobenzeron, Precocene I and Precocene II, on the alimentary canal of L. decemlineata larvae were examined. For this purpose, the effect of the mentioned IGRs on the larvae of L. decemlineata was tested using oral and topical methods. The results showed abnormalities in cuticular structure of foregut and hindgut of Diflobenzeron-treated larvae, such as formation of gaps between endocuticular layers. Most of the abnormalities happened in epithelium cells of midgut, which caused malfunction and degeneration of such cells. Precocene-treated larvae showed abnormalities in midgut, such as epithelial deformations, formation of gaps between epithelium and basement membrane, and degeneration of microvilli. In addition, Precocenes caused abnormalities in cuticular structure of foregut and hindgut. Finally, IGR-treated larvae appeared smaller and slower in growth compared to control larvae. This is most probably due to the abnormalities of epithelial cells of alimentary canal and the resulted disabilities in digestive and absorptive functions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Faunistic‌ study of planthoppers infraorder Fulgoromorpha (Hem., Auchenorrhyncha) in different climatic regions of Gorgan, Iran
M. Lashkari G. Nouri Ganbalani F. Mozaffarian Kh. Ghorbani A. Fathi

Planthoppers of Infraorder Fulgoromorpha are polyphagous insects that feed on the phloem of roots, torque and stems of herbaceous and sometimes phloem of leaves of woody plants. Many of these planthoppers can seriously damage crops in high population. Gorgan region has More

Planthoppers of Infraorder Fulgoromorpha are polyphagous insects that feed on the phloem of roots, torque and stems of herbaceous and sometimes phloem of leaves of woody plants. Many of these planthoppers can seriously damage crops in high population. Gorgan region has six various climates: arid, semi arid, Mediterranean, semi humid, humid and very humid. In this research, the distribution of planthoppers was studied in different climatic regions of Gorgan. The specimens were collected from 17 sites with different climatic condition during years 2008 and 2009 in different seasons. The collected specimens were recognized in 4 families Cixiidae, Delphacidae, Issidae, Tettigometridae, 12 genera and 14 species that were: Hyalesthes obsoletus, Thachycixius sp., Oliarus fulvus, Asirica clavicrnis, Laodelphax striatellus, Toya propinqua, Sogatella frucifera, Sogatella vibix, Kelisia praecox, Javesell sp., Mycteodus krameri, Tettigometra costulata, Tettigometra virescens, Muirodelphax aubei.The following genera and species have not been recorded from Golestan province previously and this is the first record of them: Thachycixius sp., Oliarus fulvus, Sogatella frucifera, Sogatella vibix, Kelisia praecox, Javesell sp., Mycteodus krameri, Tettigometra costulata, Muirodelphax aubei. Sogatella frucifera is new record from Iran. The distribution maps of the collected species were delineated by software Arc GIS. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Study on the effect of shot-hole borer in transmission of Cytosporiose disease on apple and cherry trees
R. Kolyaee H. Khabbaz Jolfaee

In recent years, there have been considerable damages of shot-hole borer, Scolytus rugulosus Muller, and cytosporiose disease by Cytospora species on twigs, branches and trunks of apple and sweet cherry trees in orchards of Tehran province, Iran. The fungi causes necrot More

In recent years, there have been considerable damages of shot-hole borer, Scolytus rugulosus Muller, and cytosporiose disease by Cytospora species on twigs, branches and trunks of apple and sweet cherry trees in orchards of Tehran province, Iran. The fungi causes necrotic blotches around internal or external holes of the bark beetle. In the year 2002, samples of infected branches of apple and cherry trees were collected from different parts of Tehran province. The samples were cultured in PDA and MA media, an ten isolates of Cytospora were isolated in which 9 isolates belonged to C. leucostoma. One of the most aggressive isolate was selected to conduct the test of transmission by the beetle. This experiment was carried out based on the following treatments: with three replicates, 1–releasing two mated females on each young trees, 2–Spraying Cytospora leucostoma suspension on young trees, 3–Releasing two mated females covered with the Cytospora leucostoma suspension, 4–Control. This study confirmed that cytosporiosis of apple and cherry trees is transmitted by the shot-hole borer in the region. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The effects of mulberry leaves enrichment with Asparagine amino acid on biological and economic parameters of silkworm Bombyx mori L.
R. Radjabi R. Ebadi S. Z. Mirhoseini

The effects of mulberry leaves enrichment with Asparagine amino acid biological parameters and economic characters of silkworm Bombyx mori L. were studied in Natanz, Iran. Different concentration of Asparagine treatments including 10, 100, 500 and 1000 mg/ml diluted by More

The effects of mulberry leaves enrichment with Asparagine amino acid biological parameters and economic characters of silkworm Bombyx mori L. were studied in Natanz, Iran. Different concentration of Asparagine treatments including 10, 100, 500 and 1000 mg/ml diluted by distilled water. Normal leaves and treated with distilled water were used as controls. Silkworm larvae fed on enriched mulberry leaves, once a day. All biological and economic parameters were measured by using standard techniques in sericulture. Results showed that enrichment of mulberry leaves with Asparagine had not significant effects on biological parameters and economic characters in treatment groups compared with controls. According to the results of this investigation, mulberry leaves enriched with Asparagine amino acid could not increase silk production, therefore the mentioned concentrations are not recommend in Natanz of Isfahan province. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Effect of stamens elimination methods on reducing damages of pomegranate fruit moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Lep., Pyralidae)
T. Sheikhali H. Farazmand R. Vafaei-Shoushtari

Pomegranate fruit moth (PFM), Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Lep., Pyralidae), is the most important pest of pomegranate in Iran and other pomegranate producing countries. Because larvae feed inside the fruits, chemical control is not applicable. Several different methods incl More

Pomegranate fruit moth (PFM), Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Lep., Pyralidae), is the most important pest of pomegranate in Iran and other pomegranate producing countries. Because larvae feed inside the fruits, chemical control is not applicable. Several different methods including collecting and burning of infected fruits and biological control have been examined to control the pest, but none of them was effective. It has been recommended to prevent moths to lay eggs among stamens. In the present study, the effect of two methods of stamens elimination customary and hand-operating machine and application time were investigated in Saveh, a city of Iran. The result showed that the mean infection rates were 22 and 6% for control and 3 times stamens elimination by hand-operating machine, respectively. A comparison of flower and fruit dropping, fruit cracking and PFM infection indices indicated that using hand-operating machine could reduce fruit damage by 16%. It is concluded that stamens elimination by hand-operating machine in early June can be recommended. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Investigation on the effect of Abamectin in competition for nonselective insecticides on first instar larvae of cucumber leafminer Liriomyza sativae Blanchard (Dip., Agromyzidae)
F. Saberfar A. Sheikhi-Gorjan

Vegetables leafminers is one of the most important pests of greenhouse cucumber in Iran. In early years the population of this pest in greenhouse has been increased because of the irregular application of insecticides. This study was carried out to determine the toxicit More

Vegetables leafminers is one of the most important pests of greenhouse cucumber in Iran. In early years the population of this pest in greenhouse has been increased because of the irregular application of insecticides. This study was carried out to determine the toxicity (LC50) of Abamectin, Deltametrin, Imidaclopriyd and Acetamiprid, the leaf dipping manner used for bioassay tests on first instars larvae, on the laboratory conditions was carried out at 25±1ºc, 65±5% R.H., and 16:8 photoperiod of L:D. Data was analyzed using probit analysis procedure and POLOPC softwares. The results (based on ppm active ingredient) for Abamectin, Deltametrin, Acetamiprid and Imidaclopriyd revealed that LC50 were 1.5, 200, 492 and 630 ppm respectively. According to results, the rate of toxicity for Abamectin, in larval stages was more toxic than other insecticides. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Population abundance of Pronematus ubiquitus (McGregor, 1932) (Acari: Tydeidae) on different fig varieties
P. Baradaran M. Arbabi

Pronematus ubiquitus (McGregor) is a common predatory of fig pest mites in Iran and other part of the world. Investigation on population abundance of predatory mite was carried out on 11 commercial fig varieties in Saveh, a city of Iran during two years (2000-2001) in S More

Pronematus ubiquitus (McGregor) is a common predatory of fig pest mites in Iran and other part of the world. Investigation on population abundance of predatory mite was carried out on 11 commercial fig varieties in Saveh, a city of Iran during two years (2000-2001) in Saveh region. Complete randomize block designed with four replications and each replicate consisted of a fig tree selected for the experiment. Fortnight sampling was followed from May up to middle of November. Abundance of P. ubiquitus on leaves were counted under stereo microscope by help of  4 squares centimeters plastic hallow frame which placed randomly bilateral of midrib under side of the leaf. Analysis of variance on collected mite data showed statistically significant at level of five percent. Maximum mean population density of mite recorded 9.82 and 11.32 mites for American No. 2 and minimum for Black Varamin 0.19 mites respectively during two years studies. Increasing predatory mite statistically was found significant with decreasing mean of temperature during Sept. –Nov. Maximum abundance of predatory mite was recorded during Oct.–Nov. with reduction of prey mobility, temperature and photoperiodic according to Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) method. Manuscript profile

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