Journal of Comparative Pathobiology: 1 (1)

Open Access Article

1 - Experimental study of ethanolic extract of brown algae Nizimuddinia zanardinii on liver histopathological injury induced by bile duct ligation inrats
مدارا Nasiri , M Ale-Ebrahim , R Hajikhani , P Mortazavi

liver fibrosis has been recognized as a cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. The oxidative stress in cholestaticliver disease serves as a link between hepatic injury and liverfibrosis. Therefore, any agent that has the capacity of normalizing the oxidat More

liver fibrosis has been recognized as a cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. The oxidative stress in cholestaticliver disease serves as a link between hepatic injury and liverfibrosis. Therefore, any agent that has the capacity of normalizing the oxidative damage, would be able to decrease fibrosis in a cholestatic liver. The brown Algae Nizimuddiniazanardiniiis one of the natural resources in the marine ecosystem which contains biologically activecompoundsand it's anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-fungal and antioxidant effects are known.The aim of the present study was the evaluation of the effect of ethanolicextract of brownalgaeNizimuddiniazanardinii on liverfibrosis induced by bileductligation (BDL) in malerats. 54 male rats were randomly classified in nine groups (n=6): control group (intact rats), sham group (laparatomy without BDL),Nizimuddinia extract control groups (50,100 or 200mg/kg). BDL group, experimental treatment groups (BDL rats+50,100 or 200mg/kg Nizimuddinia). BDL increased the serumlevels of aspartateaminotransferase, alanineaminotransferase, alkalinephosphatase, totalbilirubin, cholesterol and triglyceride, whereas it reduced the levels of antioxidantenzymes, superoxidedismutase and catalase in the liver and also reduced the serumic levels of albumin and total protein. Treatment of BDL rats with Nizimuddiniazanardiniiextract attenuated these changes. As determined by Masson’s trichrome staining, BDL markedly induced the liverfibrosis. These alterations were also significantly attenuated by Nizimuddiniazanardiniiadministration.  The results of this study indicate the hepatoprotective and antifibrotic effect of Nizimuddiniazanardiniiin the cholestatic liver. The antifibrotic effect of this brown algea likely due to the antioxidative and freeradical scavenging effects of it. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa) powder on liver function, serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and antioxidant status biomarkers in male Japanese quails fed a cadmium-contaminated diet
, O Karimi , M.R Mofdi , M. Bitaraf Sani

Environmental pollution by cadmium (Cd) is increasing. The entry of this heavy toxic metal into the food chain is a serious danger to human and animal populations. This study aims to evaluate the effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa) powder (TP) containing 2.96% of total c More

Environmental pollution by cadmium (Cd) is increasing. The entry of this heavy toxic metal into the food chain is a serious danger to human and animal populations. This study aims to evaluate the effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa) powder (TP) containing 2.96% of total curcuminoides (TCM) in modulating the adverse impacts of Cd in Japanese quail. 180 22-day-old male Japanese quails were randomly divided into six groups for 23 days and fed a basal diet (BD) supplemented with 3 gr/kg TP (containing 88.18 mg of TCM), 5 mg/kg TP (containing 148 mg of TCM), 100 mg/kg Cd, 3 mg/kg TP plus 100 mg/kg Cd, and 5 gr/kg TP and 100 mg/kg Cd. The addition of TP to the Cd-contaminated diet reduced serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-αand IL-6, improved total antioxidant capacity, increased SOD and CAT activity, as well as decreasing MDA concentration. The TP supplementation significantly (p<0.05) reduced the harmful effects of Cd on body weight loss, relative liver weight gain, and total protein concentration, besides increasing serum levels of ALT, AST, and ALP enzymes. The findings of this study suggest that TP may reduce the toxic effects of Cd in Japanese quail by improving antioxidant status and reducing the activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The addition of 5 g/kg TP to the Cd-contaminated diet results in more antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties than 3 g/kg TP. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Evaluation of the effect of aflatoxin B1 on neuronal differentiation and hippocampal development in rats
سارا Alhoei Nazari Nasim Hayati Roodbari , K Parivar , A. Eidi

Aflatoxin B1 has harmful effects on the nervous-cerebral system. Therefore, in this study the effects of Aflatoxin B1 on the development of the hippocampus of neonatal rats were investigated. After the preparation of Aflatoxin B1, 18 pregnant female Wistar rats with an More

Aflatoxin B1 has harmful effects on the nervous-cerebral system. Therefore, in this study the effects of Aflatoxin B1 on the development of the hippocampus of neonatal rats were investigated. After the preparation of Aflatoxin B1, 18 pregnant female Wistar rats with an average weight of 85±10 g were used. Animals were divided into three groups: sham (receiving sesame oil as a solvent of Aflatoxin B1), Aflatoxin B1 and Healthy control. According to the results of immunohistochemical studies, Aflatoxin B1 treated groups showed a statistically significant decrease in Ki-67 and NeuN expression compared to the control group (P <0.01). While the expression level of the GFAP in comparison with the control group had a statistically significant increase (P <0.01). On the other hand, a significant decrease in the expression of NeuN and Ki-67 proteins and an increase in the expression of GFAP were observed, which were confirmed by observations from fluorescent immunohistochemical imaging. Aflatoxin B1 disrupts neuronal differentiation and increases brain damage by disrupting the activity and expression of vital proteins in the hippocampus, which was demonstrated by a sharp decrease in NeuN and an increase in GFAP. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Evaluation of the effects of treatment of Lactococcus lactis and Bifidobacterium bifidum on the expression of biogenic amine-producing genes in Staphylococcus strains isolated from milk
M.A Masiyan Moghadam ,A.A. Anvar , K Amini , M.R. Khani

This study investigated the effect of probiotic bacteria Lactococcus lactis and Bifidobacterium bifidum on the expression of the cadaverine and putrescine producing gene in staphylococci species isolated from milk. Staphylococci were identified and isolated from 100 sam More

This study investigated the effect of probiotic bacteria Lactococcus lactis and Bifidobacterium bifidum on the expression of the cadaverine and putrescine producing gene in staphylococci species isolated from milk. Staphylococci were identified and isolated from 100 samples of raw milk using standard biochemical methods, Gram staining and 16srRNA sequencing. Samples containing these strains were examined by HPLC for the production of biogenic amines. The presence of the target genes was determined by MultiplexPCR. Bacteria with target gene were treated with Lactococcus lactis supernatant and Bifidobacterium bifidum and the expression of genes was measured by Real time PCR. The data showed that 60 strains of Staphylococcus were isolated, 54 strains of them had target genes. In three samples the level of the cadaverine and putrescine was higher than others. The levels of biogenic amines in the second and third days were significantly higher than the first day (p <0.001). The MIC results obtained for Staphylococcus bacteria exposed to probiotic bacteria in the samples were 125 μg/ml or 62.5 μg/ml. The results of  Real Time PCR reaction showed that the mean reduction in the level of changes in gene expression was statistically significant (p <0.05). This study showed that the use of probiotic bacteria can reduce this bacteria populations and increase the quality of milk by reducing the expression of the biogenic amines-producing genes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Evaluation of the effects of probiotic strains of nisin producing Lactococcus lactis on reducing the number of microbial pathogens
فهیمه Firouzbakht Vadoud Razavilar .A.A Anvar

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bacteriocin-nisin-producing strains of standard pathogenic strains in culture medium and raw chicken meat at 12°C. The number of bacteria studied in the control and experiment groups was measured on days 0, 3, 5 an More

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bacteriocin-nisin-producing strains of standard pathogenic strains in culture medium and raw chicken meat at 12°C. The number of bacteria studied in the control and experiment groups was measured on days 0, 3, 5 and 7 after inoculation. Protein and pH levels in meat were examined on days 0, 3, 5, 5 and 7 after inoculation and the presence of nisin gene in probiotics were evaluated. The data showed that Lactococcus lactis had significant inhibitory effects (p≤0.05) on the pathogens studied in liquid BHI and chicken meat. The pH of chicken meat inoculated with Lactococcus lactis increased significantly (p<0.05) during 7 days of storage at 12°C, from 5.9 ± 0.1 on day 0 to 6.9± 0.2 on 7th day. The average amount of protein in chicken meat inoculated with Lactococcus lactis at 12°C decreased from 17.93 ± 1.05 on day 0 to 14.23±1.25 on 7th day and this reduction in protein was statistically significant (p<0.05). Regarding to the prevalence of probiotic foods and the emergence of positive potential of this type of food products, the present study showed that lactococcal producing nisin can maintain the freshness of chicken and reduce its spoilage by decreasing population of pathogenic bacteria. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The detection, and identification of Cryptosporidium species by nested polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of calves in Shahroud town
مصطفی Meshkat , B Shemshadi , K. Amini

Cryptosporidium species belong to Apicomplexa phylum and are opportunistic protozoans that infect the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems of some animals and humans. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence, detection, and identification of Cryptospor More

Cryptosporidium species belong to Apicomplexa phylum and are opportunistic protozoans that infect the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems of some animals and humans. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence, detection, and identification of Cryptosporidium species by nested PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in calves in Shahroud town.  A total number of 256 calves was collected from fecal samples of pre-weaned calves (≤2 months) in Shahroud town, and positive samples were stained by Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining method. Specific primers were used to investigate the Nested-PCR and sub-species were investigated by RFLP method. The microscopic results showed that 27 samples (10.54 %) of the samples were positive. The results for nested-PCR showed that out of samples, 92.59 % and 7.41 % of samples were positive for C. parvum and C. Andersoi, respectively. The results showed that 25 samples were affected by VSP enzyme in regions of 104 and 628 bp that belong C. parvum bovine, and genotype A gene sub-species. The samples were affected by Ssp I enzyme and the results showed bands in regions of 385 and 448 bp that show C. muris/C. andersoni sub-species. The results for dde enzyme showed bands in regions of 156, 186, and 224 bp that confirm C. muris sub-specie. The different species and sub-species were identified by different methods and can help to control of the cryptosporidiosis. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Study of behavioral and Physiological effects due to contamination with Argas persicus larvae in mice
maryam karimi dehkordi , F Rezaei , Sh Poornazari

Argus persicus is found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Poultry, pigeons, ducks, geese, and other domestic and wild birds and even humans are its hosts. In addition to causing anemia, the mite can also transmit avian Spirochetosis and Pasteurellosis. T More

Argus persicus is found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Poultry, pigeons, ducks, geese, and other domestic and wild birds and even humans are its hosts. In addition to causing anemia, the mite can also transmit avian Spirochetosis and Pasteurellosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological and behavioral effects of feeding Argas persicus larvae on rats. After collecting Argas persicus larvae, rats were infected with the desired number of Argas persicus tick larvae in different treatments, and physiological symptoms were examined and recorded daily. The results of the present study indicated abnormalities and physiological changes in rats infected with the larvae of this tick. Early skin signs also indicated a slight inflammation of the skin at the junction of the infants and varied according to the number of ticks used to infect the rats. Also, weight changes in infection with different doses of larvae indicated the effect of the tick on weight. Considering the negative effects of this tick and the economic losses caused by this tick, further investigation of the effects of this tick in poultry seems necessary. Manuscript profile

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