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Open Access Article
1 - Farsi Abstracts
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Open Access Article
2 - Abiotic stress trigger mitochondrial defense system: A comprehensive review.
Khalil saad-Allah Ibrahim AbdelsalamMitochondria are small organelles widely distributed within the cells of living organisms. Its main function is the oxidative phosphorylation-coupled ATP synthesis. Under abiotic stress conditions mitochondrial function is significantly affected triggering the mitochond MoreMitochondria are small organelles widely distributed within the cells of living organisms. Its main function is the oxidative phosphorylation-coupled ATP synthesis. Under abiotic stress conditions mitochondrial function is significantly affected triggering the mitochondrial stress response. However, the stressful conditions could increase the chance of ROS generation in various cellular organelles. Plant cells struggle ROS generation through the induction of specific enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense systems. Nevertheless, the excessive accumulation of ROS within mitochondria induce mitochondrial signaling and the cellular responses to mitochondrial dysfunction in a process known as mitochondrial retrograde regulation. The exclusive accumulation of ROS cause severe disorders in ROS homoeostasis that stimulate progremmed cell death. The inner mitochondrial membrane have uncoupling mitochondrial proteins (UMP) to keep mitochondrial integrity and function at both normal and stress conditions. Mitochondria can perform nonphosphorylating respiration under the stress conditions, like the presence of respiration inhibitors, by the help of specific proteins called alternative oxidases (AOX). The expression of AOX or its mRNA has been reported to be induced by various abiotic stress conditions. The expression of AOX play an important role in acclimation to many stress conditions like salinity, temperature and drought in various plant species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Effects of penconazole on hormonal crosstalk and fatty acids from salt-stressed safflower
Fatemeh Shaki Vahid Niknam Hasan Ebrahimzadeh MaboudSalinity of soil is a major abiotic stress limiting the crop production and growth of safflower. To mitigate stress, the effects of penconazole (PEN) on the growth of safflower were studied to understand the underlying mechanisms of salt tolerance. PEN, a triazole deriv MoreSalinity of soil is a major abiotic stress limiting the crop production and growth of safflower. To mitigate stress, the effects of penconazole (PEN) on the growth of safflower were studied to understand the underlying mechanisms of salt tolerance. PEN, a triazole derivative, which has both fungicidal and plant growth regulator properties, protects plants from several types of abiotic stresses. The purpose of this work is to assess the effect of sodium chloride (0, 100, and 200 mM) and PEN (15 mg/L) on some biochemical responses of safflower. Results revealed that salicylic acid (SA) content increased under salinity however, indol-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA) contents decreased. Further, in terms of fatty acids, palmitic and oleic acids contents decreased, while stearic, linoleic and linolenic acids content increased under salinity. Exogenous PEN had a positive effect on SA and GA contents, as well as palmitic and stearic acids content, but decreased IAA, linoleic acid and linolenic acid contents in safflower plants. Safflower is a viable alternative for use in rotations where saline irrigation water limits productivity of non-tolerant crops. Our data provide new insights to mechanisms that help regulate salinity resistance in safflower. PEN may be considered as a foliar application to ameliorate salinity effects, due to its low price and availability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Effect of SiO2 nanoparticles on phytochemical and anatomical alterations in Anthemis gilanica
Halimeh Hassanpour Nastaran Ahmadi Malak Hekmati Mahbobeh GhanbarzadehIn this research, effects of SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) on the growth, antioxidant properties, and phenolic and flavonoid contents were investigated in Anthemis gilanica plants from the Asteraceae family. Following seed germination, seedlings were cultured under Hoagland MoreIn this research, effects of SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) on the growth, antioxidant properties, and phenolic and flavonoid contents were investigated in Anthemis gilanica plants from the Asteraceae family. Following seed germination, seedlings were cultured under Hoagland growth media and were treated with different concentrations of SiO2NPs (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g L-1). The results showed that SiO2 NPs significantly enhanced relative water content (RWC), dry and fresh weights, and shoot length especially at 4 g L-1, but decreased root length with increasing concentrations of NPs. Xylem number and size, and stele diameter increased up to 6 g L-1, and then decreased at higher concentration. Total phenol and flavonoid contents increased under different concentrations of SiO2 NPs, and the maximum content was observed at 6 g L-1. Moreover, SiO2 NPs increased antioxidant activity of extracts by reducing IC50 content especially at 6 g L-1. In conclusion, this study proposes that SiO2 NPs can improve growth and bioactive compounds in A. gilanica by induction of anatomical alterations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Soybean Photosynthesis Responses, Yield, And Grain Quality Affected by Vermicompost And Sulfur
somayeh shahrusvand Hamid Reza Eisvand Farhad Nazarian Firouzabadi Mohammad FeizianSoybean (Glycine max L.) is considered as one of the major sources of oil and protein. In this study, the effects of vermicompost (VC) and sulfur (S) on soybean photosynthesis responses, yield, and grain quality were studied. To this end, a split-plot design field exper MoreSoybean (Glycine max L.) is considered as one of the major sources of oil and protein. In this study, the effects of vermicompost (VC) and sulfur (S) on soybean photosynthesis responses, yield, and grain quality were studied. To this end, a split-plot design field experiment based on randomized complete blocks with nine treatments and three replications was conducted in Aligudarz city Lorestan province, Iran in 2017. The first factor included Vermicompost treatments (0, 4 and 8 t h-1) as the main plot and the second factor included sulfur treatments (0, 250 and 500 kg h-1) as the sub plot. Results of the present study revealed that VC application significantly increased the stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), net photosynthetic rate (PN), chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), chlorophyll a+b (Chl a+b), carotenoids (Car), grain yield (GY), grain oil content (GOC), and grain protein content (GPC) of soybean. Furthermore, S application (250 kg h-1) improved the important traits in comparison to the control treatments. A significant interaction was found between VC and S treatments, suggesting the combined application of VC and S may improve soybean physiological responses, yield and grain quality in comparison to the VC and S treatments alone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The Role of signaling of hydrogen peroxide and 24-epibrassinosteroid on physiological traits of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) under drought stress
Nasim Roudbari Hosein Abbaspour Khosrow Kalantari Ahmad AienTwo biochemical compounds of hydrogen peroxide and 24-epibrassinosteroid have significant biological effects on plant growth. In the present study, the effects of drought and its interaction with H2O2 and 24-epibrassinosteroid on the protein, sugars, essential oil perce MoreTwo biochemical compounds of hydrogen peroxide and 24-epibrassinosteroid have significant biological effects on plant growth. In the present study, the effects of drought and its interaction with H2O2 and 24-epibrassinosteroid on the protein, sugars, essential oil percentage, photosynthetic pigments, phenols and flavonoids were investigated. For this purpose, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in a greenhouse of Agricultural Research. Plants were planted in pots. In the fifth week after germination, plants were treated under drought stress at three levels: 100% (control), 75% and 50% field capacity. The plants were sprayed with hydrogen peroxide and 24-epibrassinosteroid at concentrations of 0, 0.5 and 1 mM, sequentially in two steps: three days before stress and 15 days later. The results showed main effects of drought stress and spraying had a significant effect on the studied traits, so that with increasing stress level, the essential oil percentage, soluble sugars, carotenoids, flavonoids of the shoot increased, and the shoot protein and chlorophyll contents decreased. With increasing levels of H2O2 and 24-epibrassinosteroid, the contents of chlorophyll a and b increased, so that by spraying with 1 mM 24-epibrassinosteroid, chlorophyll a reached the highest level (10.90 mg mL-1). Spraying 24-epibrassinosteroid also increased the shoot phenol content (1.58 Obsarbance g) and decreased essential oil percentage (2.44%) under severe stress. The results showed hydrogen peroxide and 24-epibrassinosteroid acted as signal molecules at optimum concentrations and allowed the cumin plant to adapt to drought conditions by reducing membrane peroxidation and inducing physiological activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Enhancement of salt tolerance in black bean variety (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by silicon nutrition
Fatemeh Heidarian Parto RoshandelIn order to study the effect of silicon nutrition to increase salt tolerance in black bean variety of Phaseolus vulgaris, 12-day-old seedlings were treated with NaCl (0 and 50 mM) and NaCl (50 mM) + silicon (0.5 or 3 mM) in the green house for four weeks. The analyzed p MoreIn order to study the effect of silicon nutrition to increase salt tolerance in black bean variety of Phaseolus vulgaris, 12-day-old seedlings were treated with NaCl (0 and 50 mM) and NaCl (50 mM) + silicon (0.5 or 3 mM) in the green house for four weeks. The analyzed parameters were fresh and dry weights, total chlorophyll and free proline concentrations, relative water content (RWC) and electrolyte leakage in the leaves, and the concentrations of Na+ and K+ in the shoots and roots. Salt stress decreased the values of fresh (39.3%) and dry weight (48.4%), total chlorophyll (20.9%), K+ (60.6% in the roots; 20.3% in the shoots) and RWC (50%). Moreover, the level of free proline (19%), electrolyte leakage (2.4 folds) and Na+ concentration (4.6 folds in the shoots; 3.8 folds in the roots) significantly increased. However, silicon (particularly at 3 mM) ameliorated the deleterious effects of NaCl. At this case and compared to exclusively salt stress, the fresh and dry weights were increased by 20.3 and 66%. Also, the content of total chlorophyll (21%), RWC (83%) and K+ (21% in the shoots, 90% in the roots) augmented, but electrolyte leakage (38%) and the content of Na+ decreased (39.7% in the shoots, 27.8% in the roots). Generally, current data suggested silicon enhanced salt tolerance in black bean plants by reducing the entrance of Na+ and maintaining the level of K+ in the salinized tissues. Besides, it improved the water status, membrane integrity and function of photosynthetic machinery under salinity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Reduction of Phytotoxic Effect of Cadmium Heavy Metal by Biomass of Edible Fungus, Armillaria tabescens
Özlem GülmezIn this study, it is aimed to reduce the damage caused by Cd, one of the heavy metals, on the corn plant with the biomass of the edible mushroom Armillaria tabescens. For this purpose; Control, Cd application (0.1 mM), Cd + A. tabescens (0.01 mM + 10g biomass) applicati MoreIn this study, it is aimed to reduce the damage caused by Cd, one of the heavy metals, on the corn plant with the biomass of the edible mushroom Armillaria tabescens. For this purpose; Control, Cd application (0.1 mM), Cd + A. tabescens (0.01 mM + 10g biomass) application and A.tabescens (10g biomass) application were prepared as the experimental setup. Our study was carried out in a hydroponic environment. Firstly root-stem lengths and wet-dry weight were determined. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reactive oxygen species (H2O2 and O2-) and antioxidant enzyme (SOD) levels were measured. In addition, changes in protein, chlorophyll, proline and sugar levels in seedlings were also evaluated. According to our results, in hydroponics medium, the damage size were high in the corn plants exposed to Cd heavy metal and the damage was low in Cd + A. tabescens application. In addition, it was seen that A. tabescens significantly reduced heavy metal stress in Cd + A.tabescens application by considering the changes in chlorophyll content, carotoneid, total sugar, protein and proline content. Moreover, it was observed that only A. tabescens application contributed to the growth and development of corn plant. Our research findings show that A. tabescens mushrooms can be used to reduce Cd stress. This study is a first in terms of heavy metal removal in hydroponic environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The influence of salt stress on the morpho physiological and biochemical parameters of durum wheat varieties (Triticum durum Desf.)
Nadia CHIAHIWheat is an important cereal in terms of human consumption in many countries of the world. It is grown mainly in arid and semi-arid Mediterranean countries. In these areas, salinity of soils and irrigation water is one of the limiting factors in plant productivity and a MoreWheat is an important cereal in terms of human consumption in many countries of the world. It is grown mainly in arid and semi-arid Mediterranean countries. In these areas, salinity of soils and irrigation water is one of the limiting factors in plant productivity and agricultural yield.The present work consisted in evaluating the morpho physiological and biochemical behavior of two durum wheat varieties V1 (Gta dur), V2 (Vitron) subjected to increasing concentrations of NaCl during the germination phase and the growth phase in the laboratory.• The results obtained showed several revelations in terms of parameters: Morphological imbalance (leaf area, germination percentage, root length, physiological variation (decrease or increase of assimilating pigments, Rate Water ...) and biochemical bioaccumulation (proline, soluble sugars, proteins and elevation of activity of CAT antioxidant enzymes).• At the level of the treatments, the development of the seedlings of two varieties was better on soil salty and sprinkled with water than in the presence of saline concentrations.• As a varietal behavior: A certain tolerance of the two genotypes was particularly marked in the Vitron variety against salt stress. Manuscript profile
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