Journal of History: 1 (34)

Open Access Article

1 - The investigation of Iran`s Foreign Indebtedness in the Era of Mozaffaradin Shah
mosayeb abbasi

The studies carried out on Iran`s economic condition in Naseraddin Shah`s era show that the King and Statesmen could not save the country from financial crisis and fund shortage not using practical and scientific strategies. Consequently, in order to finance the require More

The studies carried out on Iran`s economic condition in Naseraddin Shah`s era show that the King and Statesmen could not save the country from financial crisis and fund shortage not using practical and scientific strategies. Consequently, in order to finance the required money, they petitioned for foreign loans. After Naseraddin Shah`s assassination, Mozaffaradin Shah came to power and this catastrophic heritage put the old king into trouble. The inability in increasing income through proper management and  short  return financial resources and not allowing knowledgeable statesmen to do financial reforms rose foreign indebtedness as Iran`s socio- economic and political conditions in Mozaffaradin Shah`s era were more critical than before. The purpose of this study is to analyze Iran`s foreign indebtedness in this era and its effect on the country. The study shows that Mozaffaadin Shah and his Statesmen run the country more poorly than the previous ones. Engaged in England`s tricks, nation`s protest and elite and journalists` criticism, they borrowed variously from Russia and England to spend on unnecessary allocations. Accordingly, a very poor and endangered country was given to Mashrote. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Nader Shah's religion
hosein ebrahimi mohammad radmanesh

The truth of Nader Shah's religion is one other questions which has faced with so many different answers and ideas from the sources were written at the same time of Nader's life and also same sources-at most Europeans and few interiors-have accused him of an ungodly per More

The truth of Nader Shah's religion is one other questions which has faced with so many different answers and ideas from the sources were written at the same time of Nader's life and also same sources-at most Europeans and few interiors-have accused him of an ungodly person. Some others have introduced him an adventures person who was going to create a new branch in Islam. His tendency to sunnism and shiitism has also mentioned in so many sources. As we see since there are so many different ideas about Nader Shah's religion, it is extremely essential to make a special separate research about this topic. In this research, we have tried to find out the truth of Nader Shah's religion. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Investigating the effect of non- Islamic thoughts on Sufism path
zohreh mortazavi aboalhasan mobayen

Sufi Mysticism is the important and researchable issue about Islamic Civilization and culture that have passed centuries Since its genesis. Attention to Sufi Mysticism issue and checking this pathes activity history and measuring and opening its different parts by easte More

Sufi Mysticism is the important and researchable issue about Islamic Civilization and culture that have passed centuries Since its genesis. Attention to Sufi Mysticism issue and checking this pathes activity history and measuring and opening its different parts by eastern and western investigators from many years ago has been started and followed up in Islamic countries. Such an action is necessary because there is Sufi Mysticism in all religions, even more or less in philosophical Schools. With all inquries that have been done about appearing Sufism and Friany and pathes, nobody could Say that what or where is the main source of Sufism? Since every religions has some indicaitons of asceticism and piety and disregarding to financial affairs and may be these general characteristics of religions and disregarding to spiritual affairs and leaving financials in some regulations such as Christianity, Ancient Iran, Buddhism and Taoism have more spiritual indications that some believe that some path regulations has been derived from them. This article is a new and systematic look to investigating the effect of non- Islamic thought on Sufism and Mystcism and neutral reviewing of the effect or non-effect of non- Islamic thoughts onIrany and IslamicSufism and mysticism Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The effect of governmental Secession on political and martial structure of Sassanid rule
bahman honarmand

Although Sassanid Reign had martial and ideological power , long-term governing wealthy and dominance on Eastern and Western parts of its vast throne, it was vulnerable from beginning.  This phenomenon revealed itself in religious aspect and them it appeared in po More

Although Sassanid Reign had martial and ideological power , long-term governing wealthy and dominance on Eastern and Western parts of its vast throne, it was vulnerable from beginning.  This phenomenon revealed itself in religious aspect and them it appeared in political side and relations among nobles of the country and royal administration. This vulnerability shows this fact that Sassanid Reign wasn't able to solve its political dilemma , though it had political and military power in Iran. The existence of this tension among mighty class of the society and royal court , turned the governmental divan in to adminstration conspiracies and this caused secession of a great part of courtier aristocracy , military forces, clergy and royalty from the body of the ruleand this caused excessive problems in that reign transmogrification and these civil crisis made the government disable in solving predicaments. which had irrevocable destructive effects.  This investigation tries to analyze the basis and causes of tension in governmental structure and its effects on political and military aspect of Sassanid. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Inspirations and Transactions of Architecture between Iraq and Egypt in Islamic Era
maryam briji mohammadali cheloungar Mohammed Karim Yousef Jamali

Iraq and Egypt are of the oldest lands in which the human civilizations were originated, and based on the existing documents, there were transactions of Art and culture among these two countries, and the as reliable evidence there exist the letters which were found in " More

Iraq and Egypt are of the oldest lands in which the human civilizations were originated, and based on the existing documents, there were transactions of Art and culture among these two countries, and the as reliable evidence there exist the letters which were found in "Tal_Al_Emarat". This survey tries to probe the influence of architecture transaction between Iraq and Egypt, which was formed by the unity of Politics and civilization by the emersion of Islam, and these inspirations and transactions expanded in these countries by the passage of time. These culture and art transactions appeared by: exchanging and sending governors and immigration of craftsmen between the two countries Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The Gardens of Ghaznavids period : usages (according to the History of Beyhagi)
shahrzad sasanpour

The history of Beyhagi is not only one of the most famous Persian literary texts, But, in turn, it is an important source of cultural and social history of Iran in ghaznavids period. In this book, there are many entries about artists, architectural monuments and artwork More

The history of Beyhagi is not only one of the most famous Persian literary texts, But, in turn, it is an important source of cultural and social history of Iran in ghaznavids period. In this book, there are many entries about artists, architectural monuments and artworks including governmental and private gardens.This paper intend to study, from a social-cultural perspective, usages of gardens in this period. The main question of this research is whether the governmental gardens were built during this period only as a symbol of the glory of kings, to represent or they have other usages also. To answer this question, by examining the text, the relevant material was collected and classified and using descriptive-analytical method was set. The findings were organized in two parts: The first part, deals the garden features in the cities of Ghazni, Herat, Balkh, Nishapur, and the second part studies the usages of gardens from political, military, administrative, religious, sporting and recreational aspects of early Ghaznavids period Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Nader Shah Afshar Ali Shah endowment Tasyrsyasthay and reduce or increase the endowments of Astan Qods Razavi
ali souzanchi reza shabani

Since main formation of Astan-qods-Razavi based on endowment for Razavi holy shrine; confiscation of this income by king Nader Afshar has affected on A.Q.R organization. Affection in financial field specially in reduce of endow during that time in Iran because of no de More

Since main formation of Astan-qods-Razavi based on endowment for Razavi holy shrine; confiscation of this income by king Nader Afshar has affected on A.Q.R organization. Affection in financial field specially in reduce of endow during that time in Iran because of no desire of devote their property in whole is subject to study These affair (endowment) that included NGO institution converted to governmental identity for the purpose of government army funding and intent of endower wasted. When Alishah came to throne after Nader; he tried to restoration of trust of society in endow field. He tried to change the procedure of endowment to real purpose the same like in Safavid period. At the beginning himself determined many endowment for A.Q.R and changed intent of endower for endowment instead of government economical purpose. In this article , endowment in king Nader period and his successors have been studied and affection of endowment policy of king Nader and Alishah Afshar in reduce and increase of endowment in A.Q.R at Afshari dynasty has been analyzed Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Religious schools in Yazd at the age of the Zand and Qajar
asghar zarnegar jamal abediyan

The Islamic Republic of Iran and the collapse of the Sasani system of public education, and was out of the monopoly of certain classes. The Yazd of city Iranian is similar in many religious schools were established. Monuments and historical information on schools in Yaz More

The Islamic Republic of Iran and the collapse of the Sasani system of public education, and was out of the monopoly of certain classes. The Yazd of city Iranian is similar in many religious schools were established. Monuments and historical information on schools in Yazd Al-Boyeh  onwards is available from the government. The establishment and expansion of religious schools in Yazd   Rule outseries has been on Al-Muzaffar. During the Safavieh rule with regard to both religion and politics being established to promote the religious Shiite religious schools and Omara Safavieh kings were considered, and schools were built big and strong. Establishment of religious schools in Yazd mid Qajar rule continued. The main work of scholars and clerics and preachers of religious education in schools and advocate for the expansion of Islam and Shiite jurisprudence. Important school of religious sciences, because in Yazd, Mosalla school of Safavieh period, the period Afsharieh Khan school and school Zandieh the prince of the Qajar period of time since the establishment of lasting several years, these schools train scholars of religious science have paid Manuscript profile

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