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  1 - The Reader's Participation in Critical Approaches
  Ali Saberi
  The reader as one of the three angles of literary criticism triangle besides its two other angles i.e. the writer and literary work is considered as one of the effective factors in studying a  literary work in critical circles. Some critics call him consumer on the More

  The reader as one of the three angles of literary criticism triangle besides its two other angles i.e. the writer and literary work is considered as one of the effective factors in studying a  literary work in critical circles. Some critics call him consumer on the one hand and producer on the other hand because of his interpretations and perceptions. Accordingly, literary works are divided into two groups, written and spoken. Although supporters of some critical approaches pay their attention to the work and its writer, a great deals of them consider the reader’s taste and talent and cultural fields as their main criteria in evaluating his literary works. In this direction, we can consider the approach of reader-centered (reader-response theory) and writer’s death theory (Death of the Author) as the central part of this study. In addition to investigating theories related to determining the  role of the reader in evaluation of a literary work and the opponents' views who know the literary work as the only evaluation criterion and supporters' views who consider the reader's rate of grieves as evaluation criterion, this study describes that we can trust the reader's judgment in evaluating the works just when he has enough knowledge and tools and is far from personal attitudes.  Manuscript profile
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  2 - Symbolic Codes in Mantiq-ut-Tayr of Attar Neishapour (The Reading of the Story of the Traveler Birds and Joseph's Brothers)
  Mohammadhadi Fallahi Masoumeh Golestaneh
  10.30495/mmlq.2021.682680
  In the present research, using Roland Barthes’ symbolic codes, a part of the story of the journey of the birds from Attar's Mantiq-ut-Tayr (The Conference of the Birds) is examined. According to Barthes's semiotic theory, unlike the constructivist schools, the mai More

  In the present research, using Roland Barthes’ symbolic codes, a part of the story of the journey of the birds from Attar's Mantiq-ut-Tayr (The Conference of the Birds) is examined. According to Barthes's semiotic theory, unlike the constructivist schools, the main role in creating the meaning of literary texts is played by the reader, not the writer. Many classical literary works create conditions for the reader to understand only one meaning, or rather the only meaning of the story, but works such as Mantiq-ut-Tayr constantly postpone the semantic implication and ask the reader to think creatively and create meaning. Mantiq-ut-Tayr uses a variety of symbols and has a collection of intertwined symbolic codes, and therefore does not impose a definite and final meaning on the reader. In the present article, the five codes (hermeneutic, proairetic, symbolic, cultural and semantic) are identified in Manṭiq-uṭ-Ṭayr by using analytical-descriptive method. The results show that the five codes have been used throughout the book, and so it is a written text, and the reader is not bound by the meanings imposed by the poet, but in a step-by-step process he/she creates multiple meanings. Manuscript profile