List of Articles the rules

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  1 - The role of the prohibition of detriment rule in preventing conflicts of interest in implementaion of environmental protection laws
  hossein shahbeik Mohammad Javad Heidari Mohammad nazari ferdoseih
  According to most of environmental experts, the main reason for the Enviromental crisis is due to some legal defects that cause conflicts of interest in implementation of environmental laws and regulations. Meanwhile, in the light of the provisions of Article 2 of the L More

  According to most of environmental experts, the main reason for the Enviromental crisis is due to some legal defects that cause conflicts of interest in implementation of environmental laws and regulations. Meanwhile, in the light of the provisions of Article 2 of the Law on Environmental Protection, some governmental agencies which are in charge of the environmental protection are one of the main parties to this conflict. The solution to this problem can be reached through reviewing the provisions of Article 2 which has delegated the legal structure and status of the most important custodian of environment, The High Council of Environmental Protection, to an Intra-Departmental and Inter-Ministerial Administrative Council. In this context, some governmental agencies have preferred the interests of the ministry over the environmental interests of the country, whose decisions and approvals in the field of environment are drawn within the framework of the government's short-term economic interests, and in practice, environmental laws and regulations are overshadowed by these interests. Based on the rule of Prohibition of Detriment the position of this council should be upgraded from the Administrative Council within the branch to an inter-force (between Executive, Legislative, and Judiciary Forces) and governing council. This can be an effective step in resolving conflicts of interest and in implementing environmental laws and regulations. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Dakkatol-Qada in the Mosque of Kufa from an Ancient Point of View and Judging at the Beginning of Islam “Looking at the Judicial Jurisprudence of Ayatollah Mousavi Ardabili”
  Zahra Ahmadi Afzadi Mohamad Sadegh Elmi Sola Hosein NaseriMoghadam
  10.30495/jaa.2023.702819
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  3 - The Application of Games Theory in Describing the Elections Competitions
  Majid Golparvar Mahdieh Shahabi
  The Games theory is a mathematical theory for designing، analyzing، and describing conflicting situations. In this game the players involved، on the basis of certain rules are exposed to several choices. The Games theory is a study instrument for use in different level More

  The Games theory is a mathematical theory for designing، analyzing، and describing conflicting situations. In this game the players involved، on the basis of certain rules are exposed to several choices. The Games theory is a study instrument for use in different level of analysis، from economic، political and military approaches of the government till individual and group relations. By using this theory one can study the logical behaviour of the players and analyze the strategies that they use and give sound suggestions for improving the choices for achieving maximum benefit and suffering the minimum loss. This theory also introduces a set of related concepts that one can use them as a framework for thought about complilcated phenomena. The basic assumption of the Games theory is rationality of the behaviour and the choices of man. Nowadays the games theory is having application in various social and political fields including elections competitions. In the present article by a descriptive-analytical method and by making use of mathematical calculations tries to explain and analyze how Games theory can be used in illustrating elections competitions( rules، kind of game and the possible strategy). It seems that by determining the strategy، kind of game، consequences، the cost of probability matrice and the equilibrium point of the players based on the rules of the games، one can describe and explain elections competitions. The main question of the article is how can we describe and explain the elections competitions on the basis of Games theory? Manuscript profile
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  4 - A Comparative Study of the Rulings (Usury) in Islam and Judaism
  sareh qasemlu yahya Sabbaqchi Tayyebeh Akbari Rad
  Among the discussions of Islamic economics, usury is of special importance because on the one hand it is one of the main differences between Islamic economics and capitalism and on the other hand its presence or absence can play a decisive role in economic policies. Whe More

  Among the discussions of Islamic economics, usury is of special importance because on the one hand it is one of the main differences between Islamic economics and capitalism and on the other hand its presence or absence can play a decisive role in economic policies. Where the majority of capitalist economists cite it as a factor in the allocation of resources and economic equilibrium. In the present article, the rules of usury in Islam and Judaism have been studied comparatively and while the semantics of usury have been studied analytically, the similarities and differences between these two schools have been studied in the following cases: Semantics of usury, the issue of usury in Islam and Judaism , The philosophy of the sanctity of usury, the attitude of Muslims and Jews towards the prohibition of usury, which is derived from what has been studied that usury is forbidden in both religions of Islam and Judaism with the detail that Jews commit adultery with any non-Jew, unconditionally They consider it permissible, but in Islam, according to most scholars, it is permissible to take usury from a military infidel. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Sociological Explanation of Citizenship Culture (Case Study: Citizens 15 Years Above in Eqlid City)
  esfandiar ghafarinasab mohammad ali ghaseminejad seyyed ebrahim mosavat seyyed mahdi habibi farashbandi
  Citizenship is One of the Most Important Concepts and Ideas that has been Concerned by Sociologists in the Last Decades. Citizenship is One of Important Indicators of Progress and Development in the Developing Countries. One of the Dimension of Citizenship is the Cultur More

  Citizenship is One of the Most Important Concepts and Ideas that has been Concerned by Sociologists in the Last Decades. Citizenship is One of Important Indicators of Progress and Development in the Developing Countries. One of the Dimension of Citizenship is the Culture of Citizenship. Estabilishment and Extention of Citizenship can be seen as a Serious Way of Solving the Social Problems in the Developing Countries.In this Study We Examine the Culture of Citizenship among the Citizens of Eghlid City. We Used Survey as a Method and also Questionaaire as an Instrument for Collecting Data .Statistical Population in this Research is Ccitizens Over 15 Years Old and the Numbers of Sample is about 400 Citizens in the Eghlid City. We Selected Sample by Using a Manner that Called Multi-Stage cluster Sampling. Finding Shows that the Culture of Citizenship among Citizens is about Over Mean. The Examining of hypothesis show that variables such as Gender, Partial Status , the Degree of Religious Commitment, social identity, the Extent of Using Media and Political Awareness have a Significant Relationship with the Culture of Citizenship. In the Regression Coefficient four Variables were Entered that in the Sum, This four Variables were Could Predicted 22.5 Percent of the Variations of dependent variable. Manuscript profile
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  6 - International and Iranian policies on defective goods and compensation
  faranak moazen Ahmad Shams Seyed Mojtaba Mirdamadi Ahad Bagherzadeh
  Political and trade developments in the last half century have introduced the world into a new process, which is characterized by the rapid reduction of geographical distances and the increasing integration of trade, social and political systems with the accelerating pr More

  Political and trade developments in the last half century have introduced the world into a new process, which is characterized by the rapid reduction of geographical distances and the increasing integration of trade, social and political systems with the accelerating process of concluding numerous contracts in the creation, production and consumption. Is. ﺎ ، . In Iranian law and international documents, the scope of customer rights arising from the sale of defective goods can be imagined in two parts: And its mechanisms and in international documents are referred to as non-compliance of goods and defects and related mechanisms. 2. The actual methods of compensation, which raises the possibility of providing damages resulting from the loss of a favorable contractual position both in order to fulfill the obligation and its termination. Basically, in the case of ﻣ In the 1980 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the principles of European contract law, in addition to providing for mechanisms to relieve the customer of an unfavorable contractual situation, there is no need to go back. However, in Iranian law this scope is more limited and there is no explicit text regarding the compensation and assignment of damages resulting from the loss of a favorable contractual position; Also, this difference in compensation methods is such that the methods provided in international documents are more diverse, up-to-date and more purposeful than the mostly traditional methods of compensation in Iranian law. Manuscript profile