List of Articles rural communities

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  1 - Assessment and analysis of effective factors on firewood and charcoal smuggling in local communities of the central Zagros, Ilam Province
  Ali Mahdavi Majid Gholamhosseini Mohamad Salavarzi
  10.30495/jrnr.2022.69486.10256
  Approximately, 30 percent of rural residents of Ilam County and Holeilan division are engaged in smuggling firewood and preparing charcoal alongside agricultural and livestock activities. Such activities of smuggling firewood and preparing charcoal are the main causes o More

  Approximately, 30 percent of rural residents of Ilam County and Holeilan division are engaged in smuggling firewood and preparing charcoal alongside agricultural and livestock activities. Such activities of smuggling firewood and preparing charcoal are the main causes of the cutting of trees and deforestation in these areas. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting firewood smuggling and charcoal production in the local communities of Ilam County and Holeilan district and to survey the status of charcoal in the livelihood and income of the villagers in the study area. In this study, the data were collected through a library study and a questionnaire. In the interview section, the attitudes and factors affecting charcoal production were investigated by directly communicating with the studied households. According to the results of factor analysis and examination of items (variables) related to each factor and their factor loadings, three economic-social, legal, and cultural-social factors were identified. The results of factor analysis showed that the first factor (socio-economic) with a specific value of 7.45 had the highest share (62.15%) and the third factor (socio-cultural) with a specific value of 1.15 had the lowest share (9.63%) in total variance explanation. The results of the investigations regarding the status of coal mining in the livelihood system of the studied households showed that each charcoal mining household in the area of Ilam city had 10,800,000 Rials and in Helilan district 11,400,000 Rials on average from the sale of coal in 2019. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Modeling of villagers' behavior in the face of drought risk in Lake Urmia (Case study: villages in Bonab County)
  Alireza Soleimani Majid Parishan Ali Majnouni- Toutakhane
  10.30495/jest.2022.35988.4283
  Background and Objective: Perception of risk leads to the regulation of practical behaviors to deal with it. The purpose of this study is to analyze the experimental behaviors of villagers in Bonab city to understand the risk of drought in Lake Urmia. For this purpose, More

  Background and Objective: Perception of risk leads to the regulation of practical behaviors to deal with it. The purpose of this study is to analyze the experimental behaviors of villagers in Bonab city to understand the risk of drought in Lake Urmia. For this purpose, a combination of individual and social approaches was used. Material and Methodology: The present study is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the study is residents over 15 years old in 29 villages of Bonab city, which is equal to 23653 people. Using Cochran's method and simple random method, 380 people were selected as the sample size. The tool used in this research is a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and multivariate regression tests, and path analysis. Findings: The results of path analysis on the dependent variable showed that drought-tolerant crop, knowledge and skills, income, age, length of stay, participation in training programs, and modernization of irrigation canals have a direct effect on practical behaviors to reduce drought risk. Also, the results of path analysis on the dependent variable of intention to perform risk reduction behaviors in the future, showed that the variables of cultivation of drought-tolerant crops, self-efficacy, age, level of education, trust, previous experience, and responsibility have a positive effect and optimistic bias variables, income, and age. The risk perception variable had a negative effect. Indirect effects through the two variables of believes and income also affect the variable of intention to reduce the risk of drought. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the research results, the perception of drought risk by the villagers, this understanding has not yet changed the behavior of the rural community in practice.   Manuscript profile
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  3 - Analysis viewpoint of training among villagers to protect the environment in rural areas (Case Study: Rezvanshahr city)
  Vahid Riahi Farhad Javan Neda Dehghani
  Today, the environment is faced with increasing challenges and dilemma. Much of the current environmental dilemma, rooted in a lack of awareness of villagers in dealing with the environment. In thil regwd, training can be an effective approach to promote environmental a More

  Today, the environment is faced with increasing challenges and dilemma. Much of the current environmental dilemma, rooted in a lack of awareness of villagers in dealing with the environment. In thil regwd, training can be an effective approach to promote environmental awareness. This will strengthen the culture of environmental protection in rural communities. The purpose of this paper is to Analysis viewpoint of training the villagers to protect the environment of rural areas: city Rezvanshahr. The aim of this research is applied and the method is descriptive-analytic. In this study, statistical population is 14 rural areas of Rezvanshahr with 4202 families (14664 persons). Based on revised Cockran Formula, sample size of 232 was determined and after measuring the validity and stability (alpha 0.764) questionnaires were distributed. In order to achieve the required data for study of variables used in research, we used survey methods and documents and to study and analyze information and data, we used Spearman correlation test and chi-square (x2) in softwares Excel and Spss.The findings show that  with 95% confidence, education leads to rural empowerment in environmental protection toward sustainable development, and as so there is a positive and significant relationship with 95% confidence among interest in the environment, the environmental training, mass media environmental training and the role of villagers in protecting the environment Manuscript profile
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  4 - Assessing the level of socio-cultural sustainability in empowering rural communities (Case study: Mountainous villages of East Azerbaijan province)
  Mohammad Reza Khakzad Behrouz Mansouri Hassan Sattari Sarbangholi
  10.30495/jscc.2023.1968354.2043
  rural communities Rural communities play an important role in the balanced development of the country. Rural communities play an important role in the balanced development of the country. Given the issues and problems facing rural communities, the pursuit of sustainabl More

  rural communities Rural communities play an important role in the balanced development of the country. Rural communities play an important role in the balanced development of the country. Given the issues and problems facing rural communities, the pursuit of sustainable social development in the form of participation, security, customs and public awareness of the villagers seems a necessity. The advent of modern technology, the change in the production structure, the social and economic indicators of rural life have changed and led to the emergence of social anomalies and migration to cities and the reduction of the young generation and consequently the erosion of rural fabric and housing. East Azerbaijan province, as one of the agricultural hubs of Iran, has 2591 villages. Of these, 1067 villages in the province are located in the mountains, so the statistical population of this study is 1067 villages, of which 25 villages have been selected as a sample that had the necessary characteristics for this study. In this study, to measure social and cultural sustainability, effective indicators and criteria have been identified in mountainous villages. By performing various tests using a researcher-made questionnaire in the form of 21 questions, the impact of social sustainability indicators on Empowerment of rural communities confirms the mountainous area of ​​the province. Therefore, the main question of the present study is that according to the heads of rural households in the mountainous area of ​​East Azerbaijan province, what criteria and indicators in terms of socio-cultural sustainability have the greatest impact on improving the quality of life in ? Manuscript profile
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  5 - Investigating and identifying the effects of rural wastewater in Dena protected area and presenting an environmental management pattern
  Mohammad Reza Sadegh Ali Ali Zare Mansour Pournouri
  10.22034/ap.2021.1914771.1084
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