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Open Access Article
1 - Biodegradation of nicotine by Halomonas sp. strain ND9, a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from Bakhtegan salt lake
Morahem Ashengroph Mohammad MajdiBackground and Objective: Nicotine is a highly toxic alkaloid which can be found in tobacco processing industry. Due to the serious environmental problems and therapeutic concerns which have occurred because of presence of toxic nicotine in the environment, biodegradati MoreBackground and Objective: Nicotine is a highly toxic alkaloid which can be found in tobacco processing industry. Due to the serious environmental problems and therapeutic concerns which have occurred because of presence of toxic nicotine in the environment, biodegradation of this compound by microorganisms has received considerable attention. The objective of the present study was to screen the moderately halophilic bacteria which are able to degrade nicotine and to evaluate the possibility of using the bacterial biocatalysts to clean up nicotine in contaminated environments. Method: Screening and selection of halophilic bacteria degrading nicotine has performed in three separate steps using enrichment culture technique, nicotine as the sole carbon and nitrogen source, and tolerance patterns. The best nicotine-degrading bacterial isolate (designated as strain ND9) was characterized on the basis of morphological and biochemical phenotypes and 16S rRNA sequencing. Growth kinetics and the removal rate of nicotine were evaluated using spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Findings: According to the results obtained, growing cultures of Halomonas sp. strain ND9 (accession no. KM077028) showed the highest tolerance to nicotine and also degraded over 92% of nicotine (initial concentration of 2 g/L) as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen after 96 h incubation time. Discussion and Conclusions: The present work describes the potential of moderately halophilic bacteria to be used in a de-nicotination process for the first time. Given the potential of Halomonas sp. strain ND9 in the bio-removal of nicotine, isolation and characterization of moderately halophilic bacteria as green bio-catalysts for their application in the bio-degradation of nicotine has been proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Effects of Melissa officinalis on ethanol state-dependent learning in nicotine- treated mice
رامش احمدی فریبرز فریبرز صبوری صولتیObjectives :Melissa officinalis has antioxidant and antidepressant effects. Besides, it could be good in learning and memory due to its terpenoides. The possible role of Melissa officinalis on ethanol state – dependent learning was studied in adult nicotine-treate MoreObjectives :Melissa officinalis has antioxidant and antidepressant effects. Besides, it could be good in learning and memory due to its terpenoides. The possible role of Melissa officinalis on ethanol state – dependent learning was studied in adult nicotine-treated male mice. Materials : As a model of memory, a single –trial step- down passive avoidance task was used. In this project, ethanol (0.25, 1g/kg) and nicotine (0.01, 0.1mg/kg) was administrated 30 minutes before training and testing. Melissa officinalis extract (25 mg/kg) was administrated 30 minutes before testing, and then step down latency (SDL) was measured. Key finding: The obtained results showed that administration of ethanol (0.25, 1 g/kg) and nicotine (0.1 mg/kg) before training could decrease SDL, whereas, nicotine (0.01mg/kg) increased SDL.Conclusion : Pre testing administration of ethanol (1 g/kg), nicotine (0.1mg/kg) and Melissa officinalis extract (25mg/kg) could ameliorate decreasing effects of pre training ethanol (0.25, 1g/kg) and nicotine (0.1mg/kg) on SDL. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Evaluation of the effect of aloe vera gel on ovarian tissue structure in nicotine-receiving rats
Ali Mohammad Shahin Ali Mohammad Bahrami Aref Delkhosh Nematollah ShakaramiExposure to nicotine and cigarette smoke has dangerous effects on pregnant women, fetal and neonatal health, and fertility rates. Aloe vera is one of the few medicinal plants that has maintained its popularity for a long time due to its many medicinal properties. Theref MoreExposure to nicotine and cigarette smoke has dangerous effects on pregnant women, fetal and neonatal health, and fertility rates. Aloe vera is one of the few medicinal plants that has maintained its popularity for a long time due to its many medicinal properties. Therefore, in the present study, the protective effect of aloe vera gel on ovarian histological changes in nicotine-receiving rats was investigated. For this purpose, 32 female Wistar rats into 4 control groups (normal diet), nicotine (6 weeks nicotine at 0.2 mg / kg body weight of animals injected intra peritoneal), nicotine-aloe vera (6 weeks nicotine injection + gel) Aloe vera plant (400 mg / kg body weight of animals orally), Aloe vera group (6 weeks aloe vera gel by the above method and amount) were divided. At the end of the course, the mice were facilitated and the ovaries were transferred to a histological laboratory to prepare a tissue slide and perform hematoxylin-eosin staining. The results showed that after nicotine treatment, weight loss, ovarian weight, number of healthy and active follicles, new corpus luteum and increase in the number of atretic follicles were observed. But the use of aloe vera gel was able to improve all the microscopic complications and disorders and macroscopic changes caused by nicotine injection. Therefore, oral consumption of aloe vera gel can reduce or inhibit the harmful effects of nicotine in tobacco or drugs on the ovaries and fertility in women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Protective effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on the oxidative stress and histological injury caused by nicotine in the ovary of rats
Shahnaz Yousefizadeh Ali Louei monfared Yahya MohammadiAs a poison, nicotine leaves irreparable effects on various tissues of the body, including the reproductive system. Coenzyme Q10 has a tremendous effect in raising the body's antioxidant level and preventing poisoning. In the current study, the protective effect of coen MoreAs a poison, nicotine leaves irreparable effects on various tissues of the body, including the reproductive system. Coenzyme Q10 has a tremendous effect in raising the body's antioxidant level and preventing poisoning. In the current study, the protective effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on the changes induced by nicotine in the rat ovary was investigated. For this purpose, 32 adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 8. The rats of the first group (control) were only fed with the usual diet, but the animals of the second group were treated with nicotine at the rate of 0.2 mg/kg, the rats of the third group were treated with coenzyme Q10 at the rate of 75 mg/kg and the animals of the fourth group were treated simultaneously using nicotine and coenzyme Q10 (with the same amounts) through gavage. At the end of the study period (45 days), the animals were euthanised and blood samples were taken for hormonal and antioxidant tests. Also, ovarian tissue was sampled for histological studies. In animals treated with nicotine, there was an increase in follicular atresia, tissue damage, an increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, along with a decrease in the number of ovarian follicles, a decrease in the amount of estrogen and follicle stimulating hormones, and the activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase. But in animals receiving nicotine and coenzyme Q10 at the same time, there was a significant improvement in ovarian function and structure. This study shows coenzyme Q10 can play a protective role against oxidative stress and tissue changes caused by nicotine in the ovaries of rats with the mechanism of balancing the antioxidant status and reproductive hormones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Application of phosphorous from different chemical, biological and nano-fertilizer sources along with spraying of growth promoting substances on some growth indices, soluble sugars, and nicotine of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)
Yadgar Rezaؘie jani Babak Pasari Asad RokhzadiThis study was carried out to investigate application of phosphorous from different chemical, biological and, nano-fertilizers along with spraying of Farselon growth promoting substance on some growth indices, soluble sugars, and nicotine of tobacco in Marivan during 20 MoreThis study was carried out to investigate application of phosphorous from different chemical, biological and, nano-fertilizers along with spraying of Farselon growth promoting substance on some growth indices, soluble sugars, and nicotine of tobacco in Marivan during 2015- 2016. The experiment was carried out using a split plots and a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor consisted of five kinds of fertilizer including control (no fertilization), triple superphosphate, phosphate biological fertilizer (Barvar-2), Nano-phosphate, and combined fertilization (50% Triple superphosphate+ phosphate biological fertilizer + Nanophosphate). The subplot included spraying Farselon growth promotion substance at two levels including: control (distilled water) and Farselon growth promotion substance. Results showed that lower leaves side length, upper leaves side width, middle leaves side dry weight, middle leaves side soluble sugars and nicotine percent were affected significantly by fertilization. The highest lower leaves side lengths were achieved by phosphate biological fertilizer and the highest upper leaves side widths were recorded under phosphate biological fertilizer and nano-phosphate treatment. In addition, the highest middle leaf side dry weight increased in comparison with control as: 11.53, 10.04, 9.58, and 3.99 percent in biological fertilizer, Triple superphosphate, nano-phosphate, and combined fertilization as compared with the control. The lowest nicotine and highest soluble sugars percent were observed in the middle leaves side by combined fertilization. In this study, leaf number, leaf length in lower and middle leaf side, leaf width in upper leaf side, leaf dry weight, cash and nicotine percent in lower and upper leaf side and leaf soluble sugars percent in lower leaf side increased significantly under Farselon treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Nicotine-based ionic liquid: as a green catalyst for pyridine-catalyzed Huisgen reaction
Ahmed Ali Hullio Ghulam Murtaza Mastoi -
Open Access Article
7 - The Effects of Intra-Amygdala Injection of Nicotine and Harmaline on Anxiey-Related Behavior in Adult Male Rat
Gh. Vaezi F. Faizy R. Poozesh -
Open Access Article
8 - Histomorphological Effects of Oral Nicotine Administration on the Testes of Adult Wistar Rats
Efe Ahama Igho Odokuma -
Open Access Article
9 - The Effect of Nicotine on the Serum Level of Glucagon and Glucose in Adult Male Rats
سید ابراهیم حسینیNicotine is an alkaloid that is used by millions of people around the world through smoking and Effectsonthebody, especially the endocrine system. On the other hand, millions of people in the world suffer from diabetes. Hence, this study investigated the effects of nico MoreNicotine is an alkaloid that is used by millions of people around the world through smoking and Effectsonthebody, especially the endocrine system. On the other hand, millions of people in the world suffer from diabetes. Hence, this study investigated the effects of nicotine on serum levels of the hormone glucagon and glucose was performed in adult male rats. Thisstudyisanexperimental study. In this research, 50 male mature rats with an averageweight of220-250 grams were enrolled as the experiment, witness and control groups. The experimental group was divided into 3 subgroups and 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg per kg of nicotine was injectedintraperitoneally for 5 days. Around the sametimeevery day1 ml Physiological serum was given to the witness group, but the control group did not receive anything. At the end of 6 days, blood sample was taken from the heart ventral areas and the Serum levelsof glucagonhormone were measured using radioimmunoassay (RIA) method and the commercial kits. The results were evaluated using one-way ANOVA. According to the results of this study, Nicotineatalldosessignificantly increasedserum levels ofthe hormoneglucagon and glucose andthedosageincreased, the rateofincreaseishigher(Pandlt;0.01).Theresults ofthis studycanbeconcluded thatnicotine whichstimulateglucagonsecretion Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Influence of L-arginine in the Improving Effect of Nicotine on Ethanol-induced Amnesia
مرتضی پیری اعظم مشفق نسرین رئوفی مریم السادات شاهینNitric oxide synthase has been detected in dorsal hippocampus, which is a key brain region that seems mediate behavioral effect of ethanol and nicotine. In the present study, the effects of L-arginine, a nitric oxide precursor, in the dorsal hippocampus in nicotineandrs MoreNitric oxide synthase has been detected in dorsal hippocampus, which is a key brain region that seems mediate behavioral effect of ethanol and nicotine. In the present study, the effects of L-arginine, a nitric oxide precursor, in the dorsal hippocampus in nicotineandrsquo;s effect on ethanol-induced amnesia was investigated.This experimental study was performed on 300 male mice. Mice were anesthetized with intra-peritoneal injection of ketamine hydrochloride, plus xylazine and then placed in a stereotaxic apparatus. The animals were bilaterally implanted with chronic cannulae in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus, trained in a step-down type inhibitory avoidance task, and tested 24 h after training to measure step-down latency. Pre-training or pre-test injection of ethanol (1 g/kg) decreased the memory retrieval. Injection of nicotine or L-arginine before test by itself has no effect on memory retrieval. On the other hand, pre-test administration of ethanol (0.5, 1 g/kg), nicotine (0.4, 0.8 andmicro;g/mice) or L-arginine (0.8 andmicro;g/mice) plus non-effective dose of nicotine (0.2 andmicro;g/mice) restored memory impairment induced by pre-training injection of ethanol. These results suggest that nitric oxide system of dorsal hippocampus may play an important role in the improving effect of nicotine on the ethanol-induced amnesia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Influence of Dopamine D2 Receptors of the Dorsal Hippocampus in the Improving Effect of Nicotine on Ethanol-induced Amnesia
مریمالسادات شاهین سیما نصری مرتضی پیریEthanol and nicotine produce some effects via activation of mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic pathway which projects from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens and hippocampus. Dopamine D2 receptors have been detected in dorsal hippocampus, which is a key bra MoreEthanol and nicotine produce some effects via activation of mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic pathway which projects from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens and hippocampus. Dopamine D2 receptors have been detected in dorsal hippocampus, which is a key brain region that influences learning and memory. In the present study, influence of dopamine D2 receptors of dorsal hippocampus in nicotineandrsquo;s effect on ethanol-induced amnesia was investigated. In this experimental study 255 adult male NMRI mice were used (24 group). The animals anaesthetized and cannulae implanted bilaterally in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus using stereotaxic method. Seven days after recovery from surgery, the behavioral testing was started in inhibitory avoidance task. In this study ethanol, nicotine and sulpiride (D2 receptor agonist) were used. The Kruskalandndash;Wallis nonparametric one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a two-tailed Mannandndash;Whitneyand#39;s U-test, were used for analysis of the data. Differences with P andlt; 0.05 between experimental groups at each point were considered statistically significant. Pre-training or pre-test injection of ethanol induced amnesia (Pandlt;0.001). Pre-test administration of ethanol or nicotine restored amnesia ethanol (Pandlt;0.001). Pre-test intra-CA1 injection of sulpirideblocks the nicotine reversal effect on ethanol amnesia (Pandlt;0.001).On the other hand, pre-test injection of nicotine or sulpiride has no effect on memory by itself (Pandgt;0.05). Our results in this study indicated that the blockage of dopamine d1 receptors of dorsal hippocampus decreases nicotine-induced restoration of ethanol amnesia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Effect of D2 Receptor Agonist injection in the Nucleus Accumbens on Restoration of Morphine induced Amnesia by Nicotine in Male Rats
روناک عزیزبیگی مریم السادات شاهین مرتضی پیریStudies have revealed the effect of morphine and nicotine on different types of memory and learning. These drugs produce more of their effects via the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of intra nucleus accumbens MoreStudies have revealed the effect of morphine and nicotine on different types of memory and learning. These drugs produce more of their effects via the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of intra nucleus accumbens (intra-NAc) injection of the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist(sulpirid) in nicotineandrsquo;s effect on morphine-induced amnesia. This experimental study was performed on 185 male rats. Rats were anesthetized with intra-peritoneal injection of ketamine hydrochloride, plus xylazine and then placed in a stereotaxic apparatus. Two stainless-steel cannuale were placed in the nucleus accumbens shell. The behavioral testing was started in inhibitory avoidance task, and the step-through latency for entering into the dark compartment was measured for the assessment of memory retention. The amnesia induced by post-training morphine restores with pre-test injection of morphine, nicotine or nicotine plus ineffective dose of morphine. In contrast, pre-test intra-NAc injection of the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist (sulpiride) which had no effect on memory alone prevented the nicotine reversal effect on morphine memory impairment. These results suggest that the dopamine D2 receptor of the nucleus accumbens may play an important role in the improving effect of nicotine on the morphine-induced amnesia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Influence of L-NAME in the Ventral Tegmental Area in the Improving Effect of Nicotine on Amnesia Induced by Morphine on Adult Male Rats
مرتضی پیری مریم السادات شاهین مسعود ملکی محمدرضا زرین دستNitric oxide synthase has been detected in ventral tegmental area, which is a key brain region that seems mediate behavioral effect of morphine and nicotine. In the present study, the possible involvement of L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, in the ventral tegm MoreNitric oxide synthase has been detected in ventral tegmental area, which is a key brain region that seems mediate behavioral effect of morphine and nicotine. In the present study, the possible involvement of L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, in the ventral tegmental area in nicotineandrsquo;s effect on morphine state-dependent learning was investigated. This experimental study was performed on 300 Adult male Wistar rats. Rats were anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride, plus xylazine and then placed in a stereotaxic apparatus. Two stainless-steel cannuale were placed in the ventral tegmental area. The animals trained in a step-through type inhibitory avoidance task, and tested 24h after training to measure step-through latency for the assessment of memory in male Wistar rats.Post-training or pre-test injection of morphine (5 and 7.5 mg/kg) caused amnesia. The amnesia induced by post-training administration of morphine restored by pretest injection of morphine (5 and 7.5 mg/kg) or nicotine (0.5 and 1 mg/kg). Interestingly, pre-test co-administration of ineffective doses of nicotine (0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg) plus ineffective dose of morphine (2.5 mg/kg) reversed the amnesia induced by morphine. Pre-test injection of L-NAME (1 and 2 andmicro;g/rat, intra-VTA) by itself impairs memory and prevents the nicotine reversal of morphine effect on memory. The ensemble of these observations suggests that morphine-induced state-dependent learning can be modulated through the nicotinic and nitric oxide systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Investigation of qualitative and quantities characteristics of some air cure tobacco cultivars in irrigation and dry farming condition
Ezzatullah Malek Mohammad Nasri Nabi -Allah NematiTobacco is an industrial plant and is among the most important income-generating products for farmers. It is cultivated in over 100 countries. After the arrival of western air-drying tobaccos to Iran, Burley number 21 was introduced in Burley-cultivating regions of Maza MoreTobacco is an industrial plant and is among the most important income-generating products for farmers. It is cultivated in over 100 countries. After the arrival of western air-drying tobaccos to Iran, Burley number 21 was introduced in Burley-cultivating regions of Mazandaran and Golestan Provinces and was cultivated as single number until 2009. In 2009, a new foreign sterile male number H B4105P was introduced for two provinces of Mazandaran and Golestan after several years of studies. Since this number is foreign and researchers intend to introduce appropriate numbers to the said two provinces, the present research was carried out to study two sterile male lines (NC3 BURLEY21 and C103 BURLEY21) and numbers BURLEY A1, BURLEY TMV3, BURLEY TN 86, BURLEY URUMIEH 9 and BURLEY T 1024 together with Burley witness number 21 (8 Timar altogether) in Burley-cultivating regions of Mazandaran Province in dry-farming and rainfall-dependent conditions in Esbokola and Golestan villages by stack rain-based irrigation method in Valesh Abad village, each in three repetitions (stochastic full blocks design) with effective 40-square meter kurts (width of 5 m and length of 8 m) and cultivation distance of 50X100 cm and 2-m distance between kurts in the year 2011. According to the results achieved by statistical analysis of the characteristics under study, in Mazandaran region, burley number TN86 showed better quality than other numbers in terms of performance, income and viral infection diseases. In Golestan region with rain-based irrigation conditions, burley number A1 was found to be of better quality in terms of function and income and viral infection diseases. Therefore, the above two numbers were introduced and recommended as superior numbers. After carrying out composite variance analysis, burley A1 was found to be the best number in the said two regions in terms of function, income and viral infection diseases Manuscript profile
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