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      • Open Access Article

        1 - Evaluation of biosorption ability of Aspergillus niger’s modified cells to remove copper from industrial wastewater
        Mahin Moradi Soroor Sadeghi Sara Sharifi
        The removal of heavy metal pollution existing in industrial wastewater is one of the major challenges in preserving water resources. Copper is one of the metals that is present in the effluent of many industries, especially metal plating industries with high concentrati More
        The removal of heavy metal pollution existing in industrial wastewater is one of the major challenges in preserving water resources. Copper is one of the metals that is present in the effluent of many industries, especially metal plating industries with high concentrations, and the absorption of this metal by renewable and available bio-sorbents has received much attention. The present study was conducted to investigate the biosorption ability of Aspergillus niger fungus cells in removing copper ions from industrial wastewater and determining the parameters affecting it. Aspergillus niger fungus cells were pre-treated with sodium hydroxide before the biosorption process to reach the maximum biological absorption capacity. A certain weight of dry biomass was placed in contact with 25 ml of copper solution at 25°C, and after a specific contact time, the biomass was filtered by centrifugation, and copper concentration was measured using the spectroscopy method at a wavelength of 324 nm. According to the results, the best efficiency of active biosorption in optimal conditions using 0.1 g of active fungus cells was 81.15% at a pH of 7 in a copper metal solution with a concentration of 200 mg.L-1, after 5 minutes of contact time at 25°C. Optimum conditions were applied to real wastewater samples from the electroplating industry and after 60 minutes of contact time, the removal efficiency was 99.94%. The biological absorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm model and kinetic studies showed that the biological absorption processes follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation, which shows the involvement of the chemical absorption process in determining the rate of copper biosorption by Aspergillus niger fungus cells. Also, bio-sorbent regeneration and copper recycling have been investigated. This study showed that Aspergillus niger can be used as a renewable, effective, low-cost, and environmentally friendly bio-sorbent for the removal and recovery of copper from metal plating industry wastewater. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Effects of quality of irrigation water on selected soil physical properties in rice cultivation lands (Oryza Sativa)
        Najmeh Khodadadi Shoja Ghorbani Dashtaki Shahram Kiani
        Growing population and increasing industrial and agricultural activities and successive droughts have caused more attention to soil and water conservation. To achieve this propose using wastewater for irrigating agricultural lands increased in recent decades. This study More
        Growing population and increasing industrial and agricultural activities and successive droughts have caused more attention to soil and water conservation. To achieve this propose using wastewater for irrigating agricultural lands increased in recent decades. This study aimed investigating the effects of wastewater including municipal, industrial wastewater and river water on some soil physical characteristics. This research done in the area of agricultural lands located in the city Lenjan Zarrin Shahr. The lands area that have the same parent material and irrigated with municipal and industrial wastewaters (each for 8 years) and river water (20 years) where were selected for treatment. After detailed analysis for each of the treatments listed in 4 replications and tests were used to predict and physical properties include were measured. The result showed that irrigation with municipal and industrial wastewaters increased the bulk density 1.3 g/cm3 (in river water treatment) to 1.63 and 1.76 g/cm3. Irrigation with this wastewaters caused increase in aggregate stability to 0.67 and 0.69 mm in municipal and industrial wastewaters compare to river water (0.27 mm). Decreasing the saturation soil hydraulic conductivity and infiltration and bimodal retention curve were other soil physical properties reactions to using municipal and industrial wastewaters. The result showed that irrigation with wastewater had negative effect on physical properties and caused change in particle size distribution and recommended that monitored effect of long-term using of wastewater on physical properties. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Roadmap of nuclear technology application in the environment
        Zahra Soltani AmirMohammad Beigzadeh
        Background and Objective: Today, the use of advanced environmental pollutants based on nuclear technology in processes associated with the production of gaseous, liquid and solid pollutants is highly recommended. Developing a strategy and planning for the development of More
        Background and Objective: Today, the use of advanced environmental pollutants based on nuclear technology in processes associated with the production of gaseous, liquid and solid pollutants is highly recommended. Developing a strategy and planning for the development of the application of nuclear technology in the environment is necessary because this technology is advanced, complex and in the growth stage and requires high investment, highly specialized forces and cooperation and coordination of a series of projects. Material and Methodology:  In order to develop a roadmap for the application of nuclear technology in the environment, first, by reviewing research in the field of applications of nuclear technology in the environment, potentials and key technologies in this field were identified. Then, by performing process steps through reviewing scientific articles and texts, the market was identified and then the types of products were determined. Findings: The most important markets for nuclear technology-based treatment systems are power plants, chemical and petrochemical industries, and waste industries. Gaseous decontamination facilities, sludge and wastewater treatment and industrial waste facilities are classified in the product category. According to the roadmap, the acquisition of accelerator technology and gamma-rayirradiator systems is possible through technology transfer and equipment purchase. Since all stages of research and development of solid-state purification systems can be done with the existing facilities in the country and also the simplicity of the process, during the first three years, the focus on solid state purification systems was determined and in parallel by gaining the necessary experience, it is possible to transfer technology to liquid and gas purification systems. Discussion and Conclusion: Purification systems based on advanced nuclear technology are cost-effective, more efficient and environmentally friendly. In this regard, the use of roadmap as one of the most important management tools for planning the development of this technology is essential. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Investigation of Nanofiltration Process in Nickel, Chromium and Cadmium Removal from Industrial Wastewater
        Amir Hessam Hassani seyed mehdi Borgheie Maryam Mohammady
        With developing technologies and various industrial activities, the produced wastewater from industrial activities makes a serious threat for environment. When this kind of wastewater, which includes heavy metals from miscellaneous industrial activities, enters to envir More
        With developing technologies and various industrial activities, the produced wastewater from industrial activities makes a serious threat for environment. When this kind of wastewater, which includes heavy metals from miscellaneous industrial activities, enters to environment prepares adverse effects on human beings and food chain organisms. There are many investigations about heavy metals removal from industrial wastewater based on precipitation, ion exchange, and biological processes. However, these days, the performance of membrane processes such as nanofiltration is focused as an appropriate process and many investigators are working on it. The main purpose of this work is the evaluation of nanofiltration process on heavy metals such as nickel, chrome, and cadmium from synthetic industrial wastewater. Also, the effects of operating parameters on nanofiltration process are investigated. In this work, a nanofiltration pilot with capacity of 40 m3/day, which consists of I and 5 micron filters and a permeable polyamide membrane (NF90- 4040), is used and the effect of heavy metals concentration increase on the removal efficiency of one or mixed of all heavy metals are evaluated. It is concluded that the performance of nanofiltration with increase of heavy metals concentration improved and the maximum heavy metals removal efficiency is occurred when the concentration of heavy metals is equal to 100 mg/L. The average removal efficiency of one and mixed of all heavy metals is 95.4 and 97.5%, respectively. Moreover, the operating pressure of nanofiltration process with increase of heavy metals concentration, decrease but the recovery rate of membrane increase. The average recovery rate of membrane in one and mixed of all heavy metals removal condition is 72.8 and 72.4%, respectively. Also, among the heavy metals the maximum recovery rate and the minimum operating pressure in nanofiltration process belong to cadmium. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - Study on the Application of Wastewater Treatment of Abadan Industrial Estate for Stabilizing Ponds
        Iran Baraee Mahdi Farzadkia Nematollah Jafarzadeh Mansour Mohammadi
        The stabilizing ponds are more effective systems for treating wastewater whit high organic andhydraulic loading. Therefore, those are most popular methods for municipal and many ofindustries of wastewater treatment .The main objective of this study was investigating the More
        The stabilizing ponds are more effective systems for treating wastewater whit high organic andhydraulic loading. Therefore, those are most popular methods for municipal and many ofindustries of wastewater treatment .The main objective of this study was investigating theefficiency of Abadan industrial estate wastewater treatment plant by stabilizing ponds . Module 1of phase 1 was done in Abadan wastewater treatment plant.In this study, the efficiency of Abadan wastewater treatment plant was studied over ten monthsfrom February 2004 to December 2005 . The general conditions and operation of the plant wereconsidered and wastewater treatment indexes such as pH , COD , BOD5 , TSS , Total coliformand fecal coliform in influent and effluent were determined.The removal efficiency of pollutants had highest rate in July. The average amounts of COD , BOD ,TSS , total and fecal coliform and helminthes ova in effluent in July were 805 mg/l ,440 mg/l ,30mg/l,9/2×105 MPN/100ml 6/1×105MPN/100ml ,22 ova/l respectively.These results showed that the amounts of these parameters (exception of the TSS) had significantdifference with the standard limits recommended by Iran Department of Environment (DOE) forirrigation or discharged to surface water. For sanitary disposal and to reuse this effluent theoptimization of exiting system must be noted Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        6 - Study of organic matter of loading on the application of wastewater treatment of water refinery of Sewerage of Abadan industrial estate
        Iran Baraee Mahdi Farzadkia Nematollah Jafarzadeh
        The stabilization ponds are more effective systems for treating of the wastewater whit high organic and hydraulic loading shocks. Therefore, those are most popular methods for municipal and many of industrial wastewater treatment. Module 1 of phase 1 has been done in Ab More
        The stabilization ponds are more effective systems for treating of the wastewater whit high organic and hydraulic loading shocks. Therefore, those are most popular methods for municipal and many of industrial wastewater treatment. Module 1 of phase 1 has been done in Abadan wastewater treatment plant. The main objective of this study was investigation of the organic matter of loading on the application of wastewater treatment of Abadan industrial estate. In this study, The  efficiency  of  Abadan  wastewater treatment  plant  was  studied  over ten months  from  February 2004 to December 2005 . The general  conditions  and  operation  of  the  plant  were  considered  and  wastewater  treatment  indexes  such  as pH  , COD , BOD5 , TSS , Total   coli form  and  fecal  coli form and helminthes ova in influent  and  effluent and loading of organic matter level  were  determined. The maximum removal efficiency of pollutants was in July. The  average  amounts  of COD , BOD5 , TSS  , total  and  fecal  coli form and helminthes ova in effluent in July were 805  mg/l ,440 mg/l , 30mg/l,9/2×105 MPN/100ml  6/1×105MPN/100ml ,22 ova/l respectively. so, maximum and minimum volume loading level in the anaerobic ponds 694.6 &384.1 g BOD5/m3.d and maximum and minimum surface loading level in the facultative ponds 554 & 272.06 kg BOD5/ha. d were determined. These results showed that the amounts of these parameters (exception of the TSS) had significant difference with the standard limits recommended by Iran Department of Environment (DOE) for irrigation or discharged to surface water and recycling water for agricultural re-use. In this section, problems and proposals have been presented. For sanitary disposal and reuse of this effluent the optimization of existing system must be noted.                                                             Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        7 - Evaluation of the Effect of an Industrial Wastewater Sample on Heavy Metals Contaminated Soil
        Azadeh Nasrazadani Mehran Hoodaji
        Introduction:Agricultural and specifically industrial activities have led to the substantial release of toxic heavy metals into the environment posing a major hazard to ecosystem and human health. Today, contamination of soil, groundwater, sediments, surface water and a More
        Introduction:Agricultural and specifically industrial activities have led to the substantial release of toxic heavy metals into the environment posing a major hazard to ecosystem and human health. Today, contamination of soil, groundwater, sediments, surface water and air with hazardous and toxic metal is considered as a serious problem worldwide. In assessment of the risk associated with metal contaminated soils, metal absorption by food chain is one of the major problems. Thus, it is highly important to assess and control metal concentration in industrial wastewater before it isreleased to the natural environments. The presence of heavy metals, such as Ni, Cr, Cu, Cd and Pb, that are phenomenally seen in industrial sawage can be toxic to human and other organisms, even at low concentration. Nowadays, soils in many places have been contaminated with heavy metals and these soils have turned into one of the most important problems specially in disposal areas. Material and Methods: In this study, in order to investigate the effect of an industrial wastewater on the heavy metals contaminated soil, it was sampled in 4 points and 4 depths including 0-25, 25-50, 50-75 and 75-100 cm, along the soil draine. Soil samples went through a physical and chemical analysis and were assessed for the heavy metal concentration. The electrical coductivity of soil saturation extract was determined by ohm-meter; soil texture was investigated by the Hydrometer method; the lime percentage was detrmined by Titrimetric method; total heavy metals concentration was specified by the acid nitric digestion method; and cation exchangable capacity in soil samples was identified by the Acetate method. Finally, the data analysis was done by SASS. Results: According to the obtained results and based on the standard limits in agricultural and industrial lands, soil samples were found to be toxic only for Ni, refering to low heavy metal concentration in wastewater samples. Statistical analysis results showed that there is a negative correlation between the soil depth and heavy metal concentration, which refers to low mobility rate of heavy metals specially in soils with a high content of lime and pH. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        8 - Comparison of the Efficiency of Fe3O4 Magnetite Nanoparticles and Zero-valent Iron Nanoparticles in the Advanced Oxidation Process Based on Diproxipersulfate in Sewage Treatment of Leather Industry
        Seyed mohsen Beladi roya mafigholami Ali Hashemi zavareh
        Background and Objective: Industrial wastewater treatment is more difficult than urban sewage due to the presence of various pollutants. Sewage produced in the leather industry should be treated to the environment due to having a pollution load and the presence of high More
        Background and Objective: Industrial wastewater treatment is more difficult than urban sewage due to the presence of various pollutants. Sewage produced in the leather industry should be treated to the environment due to having a pollution load and the presence of high chloride ion before discharge. The advanced oxidation process based on dioxy persulfate is considered a new process in the presence of active agents. This process has a great capability in wastewater treatment with high pollution. In this study, the anion process of persulfate was used with the activation of magnetic iron (Fe3O4) and zero-valent iron at laboratory scale in order to treat and reduce the organic load (COD) waste water of leather industry. Material and Methodology: In this process, the effect of primary pH variables of wastewater (5-9), reaction time (0-60 minutes), Anion concentration of persulfate (50-200 mg per liter) and the amount of iron-containing nanoparticles (0.5-2 grams per liter) were investigated. Findings: The best conditions of the advanced oxidation process in the presence of zero-valent iron include pH 3، The amount of magnetic iron nanoparticles was equal to one gram per liter and the amount of dioxy persulfate was equal to 100 mg per liter. During the mentioned conditions, the efficiency of the process was achieved by 85 percent. The findings revealed that the initial COD (COD process reduced 3,700 milligrams per liter to below 1,000 milligrams per liter ¬COD final to 555 milligrams per liter. Discussion and Conclusion: Advanced oxidation process based on dioxy persulfate in the presence of iron compounds (zero-valent iron and magnetic iron) due to high performance (removal of 85 percent of primary COD and reduction to 555 milligrams per liter, can be used for decomposition and mineralization of pollutants, pollutants, water, especially industrial sewage. The effluent from this system can be drained into municipal wastewater treatment plants, so by reducing COD to 555 mg per liter, it still cannot be used alone. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        9 - Discharge of Industrial Wastewater to Urban Wastewater System: Challenges and Solutions
        Aqil Qorbani Seyed Hossein Hashemi
        Background and Purpose: Discharge of industrial wastewater to urban wastewater system is a way of its management, especially within the cities. If it is not done in proportion to the system’s capacity and under supervision, it may damage urban collection, transfer More
        Background and Purpose: Discharge of industrial wastewater to urban wastewater system is a way of its management, especially within the cities. If it is not done in proportion to the system’s capacity and under supervision, it may damage urban collection, transfer and treatment systems.  Material and Methodology: In this study, impacts of industrial discharges on urban wastewater facilities and the related standards and regulations in the selected countries are reviewed. Finding: The study shows Canada, Mexico, Argentina, Singapore, USA, and Australia and New Zealand consider 13, 10, 14, 22, 34 and 29 variables of industrial wastewater in their standards, respectively. Moreover, USA limits the flow ratio of industrial discharges to urban wastewater. In contrast, Iran has no standard for industrial discharges to urban wastewater facilities and there is just one guideline to regulate discharges in industrial towns, which consists eight variables. Moreover, the lack of assessment of urban wastewater network and treatment capacity to accept industrial discharges which, often due to deficiency of information and experience in this field, can disrupt sewage transmission and treatment processes. Discussion and Conclusion: As a result, setting national standard and guideline up to regulate industrial discharges to urban wastewater system, assessment of network and treatment plant capacity for accepting industrial discharges, and monitoring and supervision of these discharges to discover and prevent unauthorized discharges are critical measures to manage industrial wastewater especially within the cities in Iran. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        10 - Zoning the concentration of chromium and nickel contaminants in the industrial lands with emphasis on wastewater treatment process (Case study: Safa Dashte industrial city of Karaj)
        Farideh Hamraz Azita Behbahaninia
        Background and Objective: As a result of the development of industries and the entry of waste water from industrial factories into the environment, the ecosystem around the factories and surface and underground waters are in danger of pollution.  In this research, More
        Background and Objective: As a result of the development of industries and the entry of waste water from industrial factories into the environment, the ecosystem around the factories and surface and underground waters are in danger of pollution.  In this research, the effect of released wastewater plating industry in Safadasht Industrial Park of Karaj on the concentration of heavy metals in the area was studied in spring and summer. Material and Methodology: Sampling was carried out at a distance of 70, 120, 220, 320 and 430 meters from the industrial complex around the discharge path. The method of digestion and atomic absorption of flame was used to measure chromium and nickel content in samples. Findings: The average results of soil samples were 1.15 to 2.12 for chromium and 1.07 to 1.73 for nickel in spring and 1.39 to 3.46 for chromium and 1.83 to 3.13 for μg / g for nickel in summer. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of the comparison of the levels of chromium and nickel in the soil in spring and summer, according to global standards, show that at all stations in both seasons the amount of chromium and nickel is lower than global standards. The zoning results show that the concentration of the elements in the samples increased with increasing distance from the wastewater to the environment at a distance of 430 meters. The reason for this can be the release of wastewater and its washed off by runoff during seasons from the industrial complex around the distances. Manuscript profile
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        11 - Identification and prioritization of factors affecting the reverse logistics supply chain of industrial wastewater waste in Gol Gohar Mining and Industrial Company
        Mostafa Mahmoudabadi SADEGH ABEDI
        In recent years, given the importance of industrial wastewater waste, supply chain stakeholders expect the reverse supply logistics supply chain to be considered. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize the reverse logistics supply chain of i More
        In recent years, given the importance of industrial wastewater waste, supply chain stakeholders expect the reverse supply logistics supply chain to be considered. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize the reverse logistics supply chain of industrial wastewater waste in Gol Gohar Mining and Industrial Company. The research was applied development and was conducted in a mixed way. Using purposive sampling method, 12 experts familiar with the research were identified. In the qualitative section, content analysis was used to code and identify the factors. Fuzzy Dematel was used to prioritize the factors in the quantitative part. The results showed that the factors affecting the reverse logistics supply chain of industrial wastewater include 7 general themes. Commitment to management, environment, cost, flexibility, rules and regulations, social and total quality management. Using Dematel technique, it was determined that management commitment is the most influential factor on other factors and the environment is the most influential factor on other factors, which shows the impact of other factors on this factor Manuscript profile
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        12 - The effect of multi walled carbon nanotubes on reduction of Biological and chemical oxygen demand on environment
        S.M Hoseini-Yaraki S.A Mortazavi Mohammad Yari امید Moradi
        Carbon nanotube is unique structural and ability to removal of different pollution from soil and water.Also this pore structure matter is not to made pollution soil and environmental. When pollution isdiffusion to soil is made environmental recycle water. Wastewater dai More
        Carbon nanotube is unique structural and ability to removal of different pollution from soil and water.Also this pore structure matter is not to made pollution soil and environmental. When pollution isdiffusion to soil is made environmental recycle water. Wastewater dairy industry is defined as the water,which is polluted by different organic or inorganic chemical compounds. Majority wastewaters comefrom start –up and shutdown operations performed in the pasteurization process, equipment and tankcleaning. The nature of dairy processing is such that a large volume of high strength effluent is dischargedfrom the factory, this wastewater is invariably high in organic material (e.g. oils and fat, dissolved sugarsand proteins, and possibly residues of additives etc.) and consequently has a high biological oxygendemand. Hence disposal of untreated dairy wastewater with high biological oxygen demandconcentrations or treatment of it at source to a satisfactory level will be very important in preventingfuture environmental pollution. The treatment of wastewater with a high degree of operational reliabilityis now in demand all over the work. At the same time, preconditions are becoming more important. Theseapply to the limitation of sludge yield, energy consumption and space consumption. The reclamation ofenergy has been demanding increasing attention. In this research, used multi walled carbon nanotubes forreduction biological and organic load (BOD5 and COD). The result indicated is good as adsorbent andredaction contamination. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        13 - Evaluation of Soil Chemical Properties Affected by Irrigation with Industrial and Urban Treated Wastewaters
        Yahya Choopan Somayeh Emami
        A comparative research was carried out in agricultural land of Bori-Abad of Torbat-Heydarieh to evaluate the effect of irrigation with industrial (sugar factory wastewater) and urban treated wastewaters on soil chemical properties. In this study, a factorial experiment More
        A comparative research was carried out in agricultural land of Bori-Abad of Torbat-Heydarieh to evaluate the effect of irrigation with industrial (sugar factory wastewater) and urban treated wastewaters on soil chemical properties. In this study, a factorial experiment with a randomized complete block design with three replications (R) was carried out in a field experiment. The treatments were five treatments: well water (T1), urban treated wastewater, (T2), combine 33% water and 66% treated wastewater, (T3), raw wastewater of sugar factory, (T4) and combine water and wastewater with a mixing percentage of 1 to 7 (T5), at 0-40 cm of soil in 2013-2014 year. The results were statistically analyzed indicated that the parameters of acidity, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were measured in different groups and a significant difference was observed, but all of the parameters are the standard values for irrigation of crops. The highest and lowest amount of soil salinity in T4 and T5 treatments with 4.2 and 3.9 dS/m, were observed. Also, the highest amount of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus in T2 and T3 treatments with 1.06 mg/Kg, 490 mg/Kg and 7.85 mg/Kg. According to the results of the comparisons, can be concluded that irrigation with industrial and urban treated wastewaters no harmful effect on the soil properties of the studied area. Manuscript profile
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        14 - Investigation of removal efficiency of Cr (VI) from industrial wastewater using chitosan and synthesized chitosan nanoparticles
        arezou ghadi Soleiman Mahjoub Mohsen ziyari
      • Open Access Article

        15 - Investigation of removal efficiency of Cr (VI) from industrial wastewater using chitosan and synthesized chitosan nanoparticles
        arezou ghadi Soleiman Mahjoub Mohsen ziyari
      • Open Access Article

        16 - Comparison of the effect of up-flow and down-flow Cascade anaerobic bioreactors in industrial wastewater treatment of sugar factory
        Hamidreza Ansari joveini Amirhoseini Javid Amirhesam Hasani Morteza Kashefiolasl
        The present research is the result of laboratory studies related to the comparison of the effect of up- and down-flows in the treatment of artificial biological industrial wastewater (combination of water and molasses of sugar beet factory) using suspended-bed anaerobic More
        The present research is the result of laboratory studies related to the comparison of the effect of up- and down-flows in the treatment of artificial biological industrial wastewater (combination of water and molasses of sugar beet factory) using suspended-bed anaerobic reactors. The main purpose of this study is to compare the results of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency in different conditions of organic loading in accordance with the type of flow in suspended-bed sequencing reactors containing plastic media, rock materials and activated carbon. For this purpose, three cylindrical pilots with a diameter of 200 mm and a height of 800 mm with a volume of 24 liters on a laboratory scale and made of Unplasticized PolyVinyl Chloride (UPVC) have been used. During the whole period of research, the discharge of sewage entering the reactor varied from 2 to 4 liters per hour and the retention time of the system varied from 18 to 36 hours. After the start-up period was passed and the COD removal efficiency remained constant, the highest efficiency of COD removal percentage in the up-flow with the maximum amount of hydraulic retention time equal to 36 hours and organic load equal to 4.51 kg COD/m3.d equal to 88% was recorded. Also, the highest efficiency of COD removal percentage in the down-flow with hydraulic retention time equal to 24 hours and organic load equal to 3.21 Kg COD/m3 .d equal to 78% was recorded. Manuscript profile