List of Articles import and export

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  1 - Undeveloped Imports and Exports of Iran and Russia in the Qajar era (1174-1304 AD)
  mahmood seyyed majid golmohamadi
  During the Qajar period, Iran was not impressive enough to modernize its old structures, familiarize itself with the economy and industry, and the progress made in importing and exporting. The weakness of the economic structure has made it unrivaled in the international More

  During the Qajar period, Iran was not impressive enough to modernize its old structures, familiarize itself with the economy and industry, and the progress made in importing and exporting. The weakness of the economic structure has made it unrivaled in the international economy, but its proper trading position has expanded its relationship with Russia. In this research, we tried to examine the structure of the development of import and export with the Russian Federation during this period by using the documents of the Qajar period. In this article, we have tried to analyze the reasons for the replacement of Iranian imports and exports and the factors that put Iran at the forefront of dependence and backwardness. Is the development of the import and export of Iran and Russia due to the incorrect policies of the Qajar governments or the subsequent governments? According to the research findings of colonial governments, including Russia in the nineteenth century, by limiting the activity of Iranian capitalists in important industrial fields, establishing industrial dependence and limiting imports and exports, bankrupt the domestic industry, pushing the country's economy toward raw materials production, and Depriving Iran of a significant portion of oil revenues over a long period of time plays an important role in Iran's lack of industrial development. Although the Qajars were the cause of Iran's industrial depletion, post-Qajar governments also played a major role in Iran's lack of industrial development. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Evaluation the sustainability of agricultural activity in Iran: with emphasize on ecological footprint and actual land demand approach
  Adeleh Esmaeeli Dastjerdi poor Hossein mehrabiboshabadi
  Population growth, changing pattern life, increasing migration to cities, low level of technology and limitation of convenience agricultural land and incorrect use of basic resources would intensify resources damage. While mention to natural resources and environment fo More

  Population growth, changing pattern life, increasing migration to cities, low level of technology and limitation of convenience agricultural land and incorrect use of basic resources would intensify resources damage. While mention to natural resources and environment for keeping their production ability is so important. Desirable keeping of these resources is related to understanding the situation, path and scale of resources changing by measurements like ecological footprint indicator. Because of importance of sustainable issues in different  economical sectors special in agricultural sector because of using more environmental resources in this article ecological footprint indicator in agricultural sector is estimated by using actual land demand approach in Iran during 1376-86 then the results is used to evaluate the sustainable of agricultural activity in and out of country. The results indicated that agricultural activity in Iran is compatible with internal economy and is adverse with global economy. Also never less internal production is secured sustainability, actual land demand was increased specially in these years that mean sustainable situation was depressed in internal economy. So it suggested that must be used actions for adoption of sustainable method in agricultural sector in internal and review the trade pattern in global level.        Manuscript profile